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21-408: The hull and cabin are made out of glass-reinforced plastic , the keel is cast iron and the rudder is wooden, originally with a rudder box, or replaced with GRP as owners upgrade. The transom has space for an outboard bracket and a ladder. It is virtually unsinkable, as it has airtight cavities in the cabin. The Red Witch was designed by Per Brohall and built by Hill & Cameron Yachts Perth in

42-545: A hull with rounded bilges (the chine creates turbulence and drag resisting the rolling motion, as it moves through the water, the rounded-bilge provides less flow resistance around the turn). In rough seas, this can make the boat roll more, as the motion drags first down, then up, on a chine: round-bilge boats are more seakindly in waves, as a result. Chined hulls may have one of three shapes: Each of these chine hulls has its own unique characteristics and use. The flat-bottom hull has high initial stability but high drag. To counter

63-466: A lower-horsepower engine but will pound more in waves. The deep V   form (between 18   and 23   degrees) is only suited to high-powered planing boats. They require more powerful engines to lift the boat onto the plane but give a faster, smoother ride in waves. Displacement chined hulls have more wetted surface area, hence more drag, than an equivalent round-hull form, for any given displacement. Smooth curve hulls are hulls that use, just like

84-435: A seaway) and special considerations for the ship's role, such as the rounded bow of an icebreaker or the flat bottom of a landing craft . In a typical modern steel ship, the hull will have watertight decks, and major transverse members called bulkheads . There may also be intermediate members such as girders , stringers and webs , and minor members called ordinary transverse frames, frames, or longitudinals, depending on

105-446: A separate division at South of Perth Yacht Club. Small fleets of boats are found at Claremont, Nedlands, East Fremantle, Cruising (Rockingham) Yacht Clubs, Hillarys Sailing Club and Koombana Bay Sailing Club ( Bunbury ) and some have even found their way to the eastern states (such as Canberra and Lake Macquarie). Many Red Witches live on their trailers in the suburbs, as they are compact and easily stored—there are 33 yachts registered with

126-399: Is a centerline longitudinal member called a keel . In fiberglass or composite hulls, the structure may resemble wooden or steel vessels to some extent, or be of a monocoque arrangement. In many cases, composite hulls are built by sandwiching thin fiber-reinforced skins over a lightweight but reasonably rigid core of foam, balsa wood, impregnated paper honeycomb, or other material. Perhaps

147-423: Is easily unsettled in waves. The multi-chine hull approximates a curved hull form. It has less drag than a flat-bottom boat. Multi chines are more complex to build but produce a more seaworthy hull form. They are usually displacement hulls. V or arc-bottom chine boats have a V   shape between 6°   and 23°. This is called the deadrise angle. The flatter shape of a 6-degree hull will plane with less wind or

168-615: The Yngling and Randmeer . Hull forms are defined as follows: Block measures that define the principal dimensions. They are: Form derivatives that are calculated from the shape and the block measures. They are: Coefficients help compare hull forms as well: Note: C b = C p ⋅ C m {\displaystyle C_{b}=C_{p}\cdot C_{m}} Use of computer-aided design has superseded paper-based methods of ship design that relied on manual calculations and lines drawing. Since

189-470: The hull speed is defined by, among other things, the waterline length . In a sailing boat, the waterline length can change significantly as the boat heels , and can dynamically affect the speed of the boat. In the aircraft design the term waterline designates a horizontal reference line used in alignment checks. The base line of the aircraft is designated as waterline 0 (zero). The location of this base line varies on different types of aircraft. However,

210-516: The structural arrangement . The uppermost continuous deck may be called the "upper deck", "weather deck", "spar deck", " main deck ", or simply "deck". The particular name given depends on the context—the type of ship or boat, the arrangement, or even where it sails. In a typical wooden sailboat, the hull is constructed of wooden planking, supported by transverse frames (often referred to as ribs) and bulkheads, which are further tied together by longitudinal stringers or ceiling. Often but not always there

231-533: The water . A waterline can also refer to any line on a ship's hull that is parallel to the water's surface when the ship is afloat in a level trimmed position. Hence, waterlines are a class of "ships lines" used to denote the shape of a hull in naval architecture lines plans. The load line (also known as Plimsoll line) is the waterline which indicates the legal limit to which a ship may be loaded for specific water types and temperatures in order to safely maintain buoyancy . For vessels with displacement hulls ,

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252-445: The waterline , giving less resistance and more speed. With a greater payload, resistance is greater and speed lower, but the hull's outward bend provides smoother performance in waves. As such, the inverted bell shape is a popular form used with planing hulls. A chined hull does not have a smooth rounded transition between bottom and sides. Instead, its contours are interrupted by sharp angles where predominantly longitudinal panels of

273-554: The 1970s, using as its inspiration a 22-foot (6.7 m) "Seal" yacht from England. It was subsequently further developed to produce a "Sorcerer" 20 feet 6 inches (6.25 m) to cater for the local Division IV category. Unfortunately for the Sorcerer, the Red Witch eclipsed sales and was faster, thus it became the dominant 'Red' in racing circles, and an active class Association was formed in 1973. The boats are sailed as

294-490: The Red Witch Association, and over 240 were manufactured. Similar sailboats Hull (watercraft) A hull is the watertight body of a ship , boat , submarine , or flying boat . The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy ), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures , such as a funnel, derrick, or mast . The line where

315-523: The curved hulls, a centreboard, or an attached keel. Semi round bilge hulls are somewhat less round. The advantage of the semi-round is that it is a nice middle between the S-bottom and chined hull. Typical examples of a semi-round bilge hull can be found in the Centaur and Laser sailing dinghies . S-bottom hulls are sailing boat hulls with a midships transverse half-section shaped like an s . In

336-487: The earliest proper hulls were built by the Ancient Egyptians , who by 3000 BC knew how to assemble wooden planks into a hull. Hulls come in many varieties and can have composite shape, (e.g., a fine entry forward and inverted bell shape aft), but are grouped primarily as follows: At present, the most widely used form is the round bilge hull. With a small payload, such a craft has less of its hull below

357-411: The early 1990s, a variety of commercial and freeware software packages specialized for naval architecture have been developed that provide 3D drafting capabilities combined with calculation modules for hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. These may be referred to as geometric modeling systems for naval architecture. Waterline The waterline is the line where the hull of a ship meets the surface of

378-412: The high drag, hull forms are narrow and sometimes severely tapered at bow and stern. This leads to poor stability when heeled in a sailboat. This is often countered by using heavy interior ballast on sailing versions. They are best suited to sheltered inshore waters. Early racing power boats were fine forward and flat aft. This produced maximum lift and a smooth, fast ride in flat water, but this hull form

399-417: The hull meet. The sharper the intersection (the more acute the angle), the "harder" the chine. More than one chine per side is possible. The Cajun "pirogue" is an example of a craft with hard chines. Benefits of this type of hull include potentially lower production cost and a (usually) fairly flat bottom, making the boat faster at planing . A hard chined hull resists rolling (in smooth water) more than does

420-561: The hull meets the water surface is called the waterline . There is a wide variety of hull types that are chosen for suitability for different usages, the hull shape being dependent upon the needs of the design. Shapes range from a nearly perfect box in the case of scow barges to a needle-sharp surface of revolution in the case of a racing multihull sailboat. The shape is chosen to strike a balance between cost, hydrostatic considerations (accommodation, load carrying, and stability), hydrodynamics (speed, power requirements, and motion and behavior in

441-487: The s-bottom, the hull has round bilges and merges smoothly with the keel, and there are no sharp corners on the hull sides between the keel centreline and the sheer line. Boats with this hull form may have a long fixed deep keel, or a long shallow fixed keel with a centreboard swing keel inside. Ballast may be internal, external, or a combination. This hull form was most popular in the late 19th and early to mid 20th centuries. Examples of small sailboats that use this s-shape are

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