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40-569: In 1923, local resident Grace Stewart Mullen founded the Redlands Community Music Association and by 1924, she had organized the first season of music concerts at the local Smiley Park. A small band stand shell was located east of the current site, where the Lincoln Memorial Shrine stands now. As the music association gained success, Mullen was successful in collecting donations year round to make

80-1098: A few ligatures are used, along with the paragraphos: initial letter into margin (extent of this varies considerably). A plain iota is replaced by the epsilon-iota diphthong almost regularly (commonly though imprecisely known as itacism ), e.g. ΔΑΥΕΙΔ instead of ΔΑΥΙΔ , ΠΕΙΛΑΤΟΣ instead of ΠΙΛΑΤΟΣ , ΦΑΡΕΙΣΑΙΟΙ instead of ΦΑΡΙΣΑΙΟΙ , etc. Nomina sacra with overlines are employed throughout. Some words usually abbreviated in other manuscripts (such as πατηρ and δαυειδ ), are written in both full and abbreviated forms. The following nomina sacra are written in abbreviated forms (nominative forms shown): ΘΣ ( θεος / god ) ΚΣ ( κυριος / lord ) ΙΣ ( Ιησους / Jesus ) ΧΣ ( χριστος / Christ ) ΠΝΑ ( πνευμα / spirit ) ΠΝΙΚΟΣ ( πνευματικος / spiritual ) ΥΣ ( υιος / son ) ΑΝΟΣ ( ανθρωπος / man ) ΟΥΟΣ ( ουρανος / heaven ) ΔΑΔ ( Δαυιδ / David ) ΙΛΗΜ ( Ιερουσαλημ / Jerusalem ) ΙΣΡΛ ( Ισραηλ / Israel ) ΜΗΡ ( μητηρ / mother ) ΠΗΡ ( πατηρ / father ) ΣΩΡ ( σωτηρ / saviour ). The portion of

120-414: A further collection of Solomonic proverbs, transmitted and edited by royal scribes during the reign of Hezekiah , comprising Proverbs 25 –29. Based on differences in style and subject-matter there could be two originally separate collections: The king who judges the poor with truth, His throne will be established forever. Methodist commentator Joseph Benson makes the point that a king who judges

160-564: A much older common source, "the date of which cannot be later than the early part of the second century, and may well be yet earlier". Example of differences between Sinaiticus and Vaticanus in Matt 1:18–19 (one transposition difference; two spelling differences; one word substitution difference): Biblical scholar B. H. Streeter remarked there was a great agreement between the codex and the Vulgate of Jerome . According to him, Origen brought

200-417: A series of educational lectures, community workshops, and special events. The 2014 festival was canceled. The Redlands Bowl also serves as a venue for other productions and community events, including high school graduation ceremonies for local Redlands schools . The Redlands Community Music Association purchased the 7,500 sq ft Mission Gables House directly southeast of the bowl from the city of Redlands in

240-677: Is known of the manuscript's early history. According to Hort, it was written in the West, probably in Rome, as suggested by the fact that the chapter division in the Acts of the Apostles common to Sinaiticus and Vaticanus occurs in no other Greek manuscript, but is found in several manuscripts of the Latin Vulgate . Robinson countered this argument, suggesting that this system of chapter divisions

280-653: Is the 29th chapter of the Book of Proverbs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible . The book is a compilation of several wisdom literature collections, with the heading in 1:1 may be intended to regard Solomon as the traditional author of the whole book, but the dates of the individual collections are difficult to determine, and the book probably obtained its final shape in

320-582: Is written in uncial letters on parchment . It is one of the four great uncial codices (these being manuscripts which originally contained the whole of both the Old and New Testaments). Along with Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Vaticanus , it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible , and contains the oldest complete copy of the New Testament . It is a historical treasure, and using

360-722: The Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint , made in the last few centuries BC; some extant ancient manuscripts of this version include Codex Vaticanus ( B ; G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} ; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus ( S ; BHK : G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} ; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus ( A ; G {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} ; 5th century). This chapter belongs to

400-543: The Alexandrian text-type that was used in this codex to Caesarea , and it was subsequently employed by Jerome for his Latin revision. Between the 4th and 12th centuries, seven or more correctors worked on this codex, making it one of the most corrected manuscripts in existence. During his investigation in Petersburg, Tischendorf enumerated 14,800 corrections in the portion which was only held in Petersburg (2/3 of

440-728: The Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 2 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), also called Sinai Bible , is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament , including the deuterocanonical books , and the Greek New Testament , with both the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas included. It

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480-612: The 1990s after it was deemed uninhabitable and considered for demolition. The home was completely renovated and excavated to add restrooms for events, meetings and performances at a cost of over $ 1.8 million. The home overlooks the Redlands Bowl and is now used as executive office space for the Association and Performing Arts groups. 34°03′12″N 117°11′05″W  /  34.05343°N 117.1848°W  / 34.05343; -117.1848 Proverbs 29 Proverbs 29

520-564: The Latin Vulgate , Verbum custodiens filius extra perditionem erit , which appear in some versions of the Septuagint after Proverbs 24:22, and are translated in the Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition as "The son that keepeth the word, shall be free from destruction". Codex Sinaiticus The Codex Sinaiticus ( Shelfmark : London, British Library , Add MS 43725), designated by siglum א ‎ [Aleph] or 01 (in

560-483: The Middle Ages (this being eight parchment pages laid on top of each other, and folded in half to make a full block (also known as a folio ); several of these were then stitched together to create a book). The folios were made primarily from calf skins, secondarily from sheep skins. Tischendorf thought the parchment had been made from antelope skins, but modern microscopic examination has shown otherwise. Most of

600-590: The New Testament is arranged in the following order: The codex includes two other books as part of the New Testament: For most of the New Testament, Codex Sinaiticus is in general agreement with Codex Vaticanus (B) and Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (C) , attesting the Alexandrian text-type . A notable example of an agreement between the text in Sinaiticus and Vaticanus is they both omit

640-545: The Old Testament are missing, it is assumed the codex originally contained the whole of both Testaments. About half of the Greek Old Testament (or Septuagint ) survived, along with a complete New Testament , the entire Deuterocanonical books , the Epistle of Barnabas and portions of The Shepherd of Hermas . The text of the Old Testament contains the following passages in order: The text of

680-547: The Prosellis was designed to match the nearby AK Smiley Public Library's architecture. The new amphitheater by commission, has inscribed, Proverbs 29 :18, "Without vision a people perish", across the frieze above the stage. The bowl is owned by the City of Redlands and is considered a public park. It is run by The Redlands Bowl Performing Arts Association, a non-profit separate 501(c)(3) organization . The association now holds

720-701: The Redlands Bowl Summer Music Festival. The music festival takes place each summer from late June through August, with 18-20 programs in diverse musical genres offered on Tuesday and Friday nights. It is the oldest continuous music festival in the United States at which no admission is charged. The Redlands Shakespeare Festival has occurred the last three weekends in May every year since its inception in 2004, presenting three full-scale Shakespearean productions in repertory , along with

760-498: The codex held by the British Library consists of 346½ folios , 694 pages (38.1 cm x 34.5 cm), constituting over half of the original work. Of these folios, 199 belong to the Old Testament, including the apocrypha ( deuterocanonical ), and 147½ belong to the New Testament, along with two other books, the Epistle of Barnabas and part of The Shepherd of Hermas . The apocryphal and deuterocanonical books present in

800-521: The codex was not likely to be much later than about 360. More recent research suggests that these cursive notes could be as late as the early fifth century. Tischendorf theorized that Codex Sinaiticus was one of the fifty copies of the Bible commissioned from Eusebius by Roman emperor Constantine after his conversion to Christianity ( De vita Constantini , IV, 37). This hypothesis was supported by Pierre Batiffol . Gregory and Skeat believed that it

840-733: The codex). According to textual critic David C. Parker , the full codex has about 23,000 corrections. In addition to these corrections some letters were marked by dots as doubtful (e.g. ṪḢ). The New Testament portion lacks the following passages: Some passages/phrases were excluded by the correctors: Matthew 8:13 (see Luke 7:10 ) Matthew 10:12 (see Luke 10:5 ) Matthew 27:49 (see John 19:34 ) Matthew 7:22 Matthew 8:12 Matthew 13:54 Acts 8:5 Matthew 16:12 Luke 1:26 Luke 2:37 John 1:28 John 1:34 John 2:3 John 6:10 Acts 11:20 Acts 14:9 Hebrews 2:4 1 Peter 5:13 2 Timothy 4:10 Mark 10:19 Mark 13:33 Luke 8:48 1 John 5:6 Little

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880-482: The gutters between the columns were removed, the text block would mirror the page's proportions. Typographer Robert Bringhurst referred to the codex as a "subtle piece of craftsmanship". The cost of the material, copying time required for the scribes, and binding, is estimated to have equalled the lifetime wages of one individual at the time. Throughout the New Testament portion, the words are written in scriptio continua (words without any spaces in between them) in

920-431: The hand-writing style that came to be called "biblical uncial" or "biblical majuscule". The parchment was ruled with a sharp point to prepare for writing lines. The letters are written along these lines, with neither breathings nor polytonic accents (markings utilised to indicate changes of pitch or emphasis). A variety of types of punctuation are used: high and middle points; colon; diaeresis on initial iota and upsilon;

960-412: The music festival an annual event. She died in 1967. The existing structure and current site was commissioned and built by local philanthropists, Florence R. and Clarence G. White in 1929. The White family, as new residents of Redlands, gifted a new band stand amphitheater structure they named the "Prosellis," from Latin, loosely meaning "before the seats". Designed by native architect Herbert J. Powell ,

1000-486: The only Greek manuscripts with textual variant ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἐστίν ( in him is life ) instead of ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ᾓν ( in him was life ). This variant is supported by Vetus Latina and some Sahidic manuscripts. This portion has a large number of corrections. There are a number of differences between Sinaiticus and Vaticanus; Textual critic Herman C. Hoskier enumerated 3036 differences: According to textual critic Fenton Hort , Sinaiticus and Vaticanus were derived from

1040-552: The poetic books of the Old Testament. These are written in a different format from the rest of the manuscript – they appear in two columns (the rest of books is in four columns), written stichometrically. Tischendorf probably interpreted the different formatting as indicating the existence of another scribe. The three remaining scribes are still identified by the letters Tischendorf gave them: A, B, and D. There were in fact more correctors, with at least seven (a, b, c, ca, cb, cc, e). Modern analysis identifies three scribes: Scribe B

1080-532: The poor "faithfully" (the word used in the King James Version ) also judges the rich "faithfully", but he argues that the proverb "names the poor, because these are much oppressed and injured by others, and least regarded by princes, and yet committed to their more especial care". An unjust man is an abomination to the righteous, And he who is upright in the way is an abomination to the wicked. This final verse of chapter 29 has additional words in

1120-675: The post-exilic period. This chapter is the last part of the fifth collection of the book, so-called "the Second Solomonic Collection." The following table shows the Hebrew text of Proverbs 29 with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain ). Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text , which includes

1160-415: The quires (or signatures) contain four sheets, save two containing five. It is estimated that the hides of about 360 animals were employed for making the folios of this codex. Each line of the text has some twelve to fourteen Greek uncial letters, arranged in four columns, 48 lines per column, with carefully chosen line breaks and slightly ragged right edges. When opened, the eight columns thus presented to

1200-440: The reader have much the same appearance as the succession of columns in a papyrus roll. The poetical books of the Old Testament are written stichometrically (writing each new poetic phrase on a new line), in only two columns per page. The codex has almost 4,000,000 uncial letters. Each rectangular page has the proportions 1.1 to 1, while the block of text has the reciprocal proportions, 0.91 (the same proportions, rotated 90°). If

1240-460: The study of comparative writing styles ( palaeography ), it has been dated to the mid-fourth century. Biblical scholarship considers Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the most important Greek texts of the New Testament, along with Codex Vaticanus . Until German Biblical scholar (and manuscript hunter) Constantin von Tischendorf 's discovery of Codex Sinaiticus in 1844, the Greek text of Codex Vaticanus

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1280-650: The surviving part of the Septuagint are 2 Esdras , Tobit , Judith , 1 and 4 Maccabees , Wisdom , and Sirach . The books of the New Testament are arranged in this order: the four Gospels , the epistles of Paul ( Hebrews follows 2 Thess. ), the Acts of the Apostles , the General Epistles , and the Book of Revelation . The fact that some parts of the codex are preserved in good condition while others are in very poor condition suggests they were separated and stored in several places. While large portions of

1320-561: The word εικη ('without cause', 'without reason', 'in vain') from Matthew 5:22 : " But I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgement ". In John 1:1–8:38, Codex Sinaiticus differs from Vaticanus (B) and all other Alexandrian manuscripts. It is in closer agreement with Codex Bezae (D) in support of the Western text-type . For example, in John 1:4 Sinaiticus and Codex Bezae are

1360-412: The work (whom he named A, B, C and D), and five correctors amended portions (whom he designated a, b, c, d and e). He posited one of the correctors was contemporaneous with the original scribes, and the others worked during the sixth and seventh centuries. After Milne and Skeat's reinvestigation, it is now agreed Tischendorf was incorrect, as scribe C never existed. According to Tischendorf, scribe C wrote

1400-528: The world, most of the manuscript is held today in the British Library in London, where it is on public display. The manuscript is a codex (the forerunner to the modern book) made from vellum parchment, originally in double sheets, which may have measured about 40 by 70 cm. The whole codex consists of quires of eight leaves (with a few exceptions), a format which came to be popular throughout

1440-447: Was a poor speller, and scribe A was not much better; the best scribe was D. Metzger states: "scribe A had made some unusually serious mistakes". Scribes A and B used nomina sacra in contracted forms most often (ΠΝΕΥΜΑ contracted in all occurrences, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ contracted except in 2 occurrences), whereas scribe D mostly used the uncontracted forms. Scribe D distinguished between sacral and nonsacral uses of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ. His spelling errors are

1480-466: Was already in production when Constantine placed his order, but had to be suspended in order to accommodate different page dimensions. Frederic G. Kenyon argued: "There is not the least sign of either of them ever having been at Constantinople. The fact that Sinaiticus was collated with the manuscript of Pamphilus so late as the sixth century seems to show that it was not originally written at Caesarea". Tischendorf believed four separate scribes copied

1520-625: Was introduced into the Vulgate by Jerome himself, as a result of his studies at Caesarea . According to Kenyon the forms of the letters are Egyptian and they were found in Egyptian papyri of earlier date. Gardthausen , Ropes and Jellicoe thought it was written in Egypt . Biblical scholar J. Rendel Harris believed that the manuscript came from the library of Pamphilus at Caesarea Maritima. Streeter , Skeat, and Milne also believed that it

1560-532: Was produced in Caesarea. The codex can be dated with a reasonable degree of confidence between the early fourth century and the early fifth century. It could not have been written before about 325 because it contains the Eusebian Canons , which is a terminus post quem . The terminus ante quem is less certain. Milne and Skeat relied on small cursive notes to assert that the date of the production of

1600-479: Was unrivalled. Since its discovery, study of Codex Sinaiticus has proven to be useful to scholars for critical studies of the biblical text. Codex Sinaiticus came to the attention of scholars in the 19th century at Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula , with further material discovered in the 20th and 21st centuries. Although parts of the codex are scattered across four libraries around

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