75-743: (Redirected from Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act ) Proposed legislation in the US Congress to legalize marijuana at the federal level Cannabis legislation proposals are legislative proposals which failed (or are pending) to make it into law. Below are lists, broken down into national jurisdictions, of proposed legislation regarding cannabis . United States [ edit ] Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2009 . Proposed legislation that would eliminate federal criminal penalties for possession of up to 100 grams (3.5 oz) and nonprofit transfer of up to an ounce of cannabis under
150-623: A Dear Colleague letter , Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and others announced plans to reintroduce the Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act before April 20. The 2024 National Defense Authorization Act passed by the House of Representatives on June 14, 2024 contains reform language related to cannabis drug testing of military recruits. The military still retains a Zero tolerance policy for those who use any form of THC on active duty. S.4711, whose official title
225-590: A chemical substance used in religious, shamanic , or spiritual contexts – in the Indian subcontinent since the Vedic period . The earliest known reports regarding the sacred status of cannabis in the Indian subcontinent come from the Atharva Veda , estimated to have been composed sometime around 1400 BCE. The Hindu god Shiva is described as a cannabis user, known as the "Lord of bhang ". In modern culture,
300-472: A screening test in the field, but it cannot definitively confirm the presence of cannabis, as a large range of substances have been shown to give false positives. Researchers at John Jay College of Criminal Justice reported that dietary zinc supplements can mask the presence of THC and other drugs in urine. However, a 2013 study conducted by researchers at the University of Utah School of Medicine refute
375-451: A vaporizer , consuming THC in pill form, or consuming cannabis foods . There is concern that cannabis may contribute to cardiovascular disease, but as of 2018 , evidence of this relationship was unclear. Research in these events is complicated because cannabis is often used in conjunction with tobacco, and drugs such as alcohol and cocaine that are known to have cardiovascular risk factors. Smoking cannabis has also been shown to increase
450-477: A Mess of Legalization Bills in Congress. Here's What Really Matters" . March 21, 2019. ^ Herrington, A. J. (January 4, 2019). "Lawmakers Just Introduced The CARERS Act to Protect Medical Marijuana" . High Times . ^ Krane, Kris. "The Five Best U.S. Senators On Marijuana Policy" . Forbes . ^ Laslo, Matt (June 22, 2017). "Medical Marijuana: How Six Senators Are Leading
525-788: A blanket denial in security clearance statutes". The bill cleared the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee , of which Peters was chairperson, on September 18. In Anchorage, Alaska the Assembly tried to pass a local ordinance to allow additional methods for dispensaries to sell cannabis. These methods include; sales by drive-thru , Internet and by phone. Police Chief Michael Kerle opposed these measures which were eventually voted down. In Connecticut, William Tong , Connecticut Attorney General , filed civil court actions against 7 dispensaries citing packaging and dosage complications. Kentucky HB 72
600-415: A causal relationship between cannabis use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Short-term use of cannabis is associated with bronchodilation . Other side effects of cannabis use include cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), a condition which involves recurrent nausea, cramping abdominal pain, and vomiting. Cannabis smoke contains thousands of organic and inorganic chemical compounds. This tar
675-641: A conclusion. Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of anxiety disorders, although causality has not been established. A review in 2019 found that research was insufficient to determine the safety and efficacy of using cannabis to treat schizophrenia, psychosis, or other mental disorders . Another found that cannabis during adolescence was associated with an increased risk of developing depression and suicidal behavior later in life, while finding no effect on anxiety. Heavy, long-term exposure to marijuana may have physical, mental, behavioral and social health consequences. It may be "associated with diseases of
750-426: A decrease in short-term memory, dry mouth, impaired motor skills, reddening of the eyes, dizziness, feeling tired and vomiting. Some users may experience an episode of acute psychosis , which usually abates after six hours, but in rare instances, heavy users may find the symptoms continuing for many days. Legalization has increased the rates at which children are exposed to cannabis, particularly from edibles. While
825-458: A drug use testing program or a forensic investigation of a traffic or other criminal offense. The concentrations obtained from such analyses can often be helpful in distinguishing active use from passive exposure, elapsed time since use, and extent or duration of use. These tests cannot, however, distinguish authorized cannabis smoking for medical purposes from unauthorized recreational smoking. Commercial cannabinoid immunoassays , often employed as
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#1732798603330900-611: A drug. Emergency room (ER) admissions associated with cannabis use rose significantly from 2012 to 2016; adolescents from age 12–17 had the highest risk. At one Colorado medical center following legalization, approximately two percent of ER admissions were classified as cannabis users. The symptoms of one quarter of these users were partially attributed to cannabis (a total of 2567 out of 449,031 patients); other drugs were sometimes involved. Of these cannabis admissions, one quarter were for acute psychiatric effects , primarily suicidal ideation , depression, and anxiety. An additional third of
975-478: A limited number of territories, including Canada, Belgium , Australia, the Netherlands , New Zealand, Spain, and many U.S. states . This usage generally requires a prescription, and distribution is usually done within a framework defined by local laws. According to DEA Chief Administrative Law Judge, Francis Young, "cannabis is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man". Being under
1050-523: A longer period of abstinence was associated with smaller magnitudes of impairment, both retrospective and prospective memory were impaired in cannabis users. The authors concluded that some, but not all, of the deficits associated with cannabis use were reversible. A 2012 meta-analysis found that deficits in most domains of cognition persisted beyond the acute period of intoxication, but was not evident in studies where subjects were abstinent for more than 25 days. Few high quality studies have been performed on
1125-1014: A nationwide regulatory structure for legal cannabis. The legislation would remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act . See also [ edit ] Legality of cannabis List of 2018 United States cannabis reform proposals List of 2019 United States cannabis reform proposals List of 2020 United States cannabis reform proposals List of 2021 United States cannabis reform proposals List of 2022 United States cannabis reform proposals List of 2023 United States cannabis reform proposals List of 2024 United States cannabis reform proposals References [ edit ] ^ "Lawmakers Call For An End To Federal Marijuana Prosecutions" . NORML . 2009-06-18 . Retrieved 2021-10-20 . ^ Cohn, Alicia (February 15, 2018). "Bipartisan bill offered in House to protect marijuana users in legal weed states" . The Hill . ^ "There's
1200-534: A recommendation by the Department of Health and Human Services to reschedule cannabis to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act was incomplete at the beginning of 2024. The President made descheduling and other cannabis reforms a topic of the 2024 State of the Union Address ; it was the first time the word "marijuana" had been used in a State of the Union Address since Ronald Reagan called it
1275-538: A record 44% of the US population has tried marijuana in their lifetime, an increase from 38% in 2013 and 33% in 1985. Marijuana use in the United States is three times above the global average, but in line with other Western democracies. Forty-four percent of American 12th graders have tried the drug at least once, and the typical age of first-use is 16, similar to the typical age of first-use for alcohol but lower than
1350-635: A target of the War on Drugs alongside cocaine in 1988. The Drug Enforcement Administration initiated a 2024 policy review to potentially reschedule marijuana as a Schedule III drug , amounting to "the agency's biggest policy change in more than 50 years". Some hiring and retention policies in federal employment and the armed forces evolved during 2024. The policy for US Navy recruits was adjusted to allow positive urinalysis tests for cannabis during boot camp to be non-disqualifying. U.S. Customs and Border Protection adjusted its scope of cannabis use to consider only
1425-521: A third reading. The state senate passed the bill on March 5. By March 19, the senate bill had cleared all house committees it was assigned to but one, the house finance committee, prior to a house floor vote. In January, Washington state legislator Shelley Kloba introduced HB 2194, a bill that would allow home grow . The bill was killed in the House Appropriations Committee. Virginia SB 448, allowing regulated sales in
1500-835: Is a non-chemically uniform drug from the cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various traditional medicines for centuries. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis, which is one of the 483 known compounds in the plant, including at least 65 other cannabinoids , such as cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis can be used by smoking , vaporizing , within food , or as an extract . Cannabis has various mental and physical effects , which include euphoria , altered states of mind and sense of time , difficulty concentrating, impaired short-term memory , impaired body movement (balance and fine psychomotor control), relaxation, and an increase in appetite . Onset of effects
1575-457: Is associated with cumulative cannabis exposure, and is reversed after one month of abstinence. There is limited evidence that chronic cannabis use can reduce levels of glutamate metabolites in the human brain. About 9% of those who experiment with marijuana eventually become dependent according to DSM-IV (1994) criteria. A 2013 review estimates daily use is associated with a 10–20% rate of dependence. The highest risk of cannabis dependence
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#17327986033301650-526: Is associated with heavy cannabis use, although the relationship is inconsistent and weaker than for tobacco and other substances. The direction of cause and effect , however, is unclear. The long-term effects of cannabis are not clear. There are concerns surrounding memory and cognition problems , risk of addiction, and the risk of schizophrenia in young people. Although global abnormalities in white matter and grey matter are not consistently associated with cannabis use, reduced hippocampal volume
1725-539: Is by far the most widely used illicit substance, with the highest use among adults (as of 2018 ) in Zambia , the United States , Canada , and Nigeria . Between 1973 and 1978, eleven states decriminalized marijuana. In 2001, Nevada reduced marijuana possession to a misdemeanor and since 2012, several other states have decriminalized and even legalized marijuana. In 2018, surveys indicated that almost half of
1800-459: Is chemically similar to that found in tobacco smoke, and over fifty known carcinogens have been identified in cannabis smoke, including; nitrosamines, reactive aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , including benz[a]pyrene. Cannabis smoke is also inhaled more deeply than tobacco smoke. As of 2015 , there is no consensus regarding whether cannabis smoking is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Light and moderate use of cannabis
1875-436: Is consistently found. Amygdala abnormalities are sometimes reported, although findings are inconsistent. Cannabis use is associated with increased recruitment of task-related areas, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , which is thought to reflect compensatory activity due to reduced processing efficiency. Cannabis use is also associated with downregulation of CB 1 receptors. The magnitude of down regulation
1950-408: Is felt within minutes when smoked, but may take up to 90 minutes when eaten (as orally consumed drugs must be digested and absorbed). The effects last for two to six hours, depending on the amount used. At high doses, mental effects can include anxiety , delusions (including ideas of reference ), hallucinations , panic , paranoia , and psychosis . There is a strong relation between cannabis use and
2025-447: Is formally known as acute cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms (CAPS). At an epidemiological level, a dose–response relationship exists between cannabis use and increased risk of psychosis and earlier onset of psychosis. Although the epidemiological association is robust, evidence to prove a causal relationship is lacking. Cannabis may also increase the risk of depression, but insufficient research has been performed to draw
2100-641: Is found in those with a history of poor academic achievement, deviant behavior in childhood and adolescence, rebelliousness, poor parental relationships, or a parental history of drug and alcohol problems. Of daily users, about 50% experience withdrawal upon cessation of use (i.e. are dependent), characterized by sleep problems, irritability, dysphoria, and craving. Cannabis withdrawal is less severe than withdrawal from alcohol. According to DSM-V criteria, 9% of those who are exposed to cannabis develop cannabis use disorder, compared to 20% for cocaine , 23% for alcohol and 68% for nicotine . Cannabis use disorder in
2175-404: Is insufficient for drawing conclusions about safety or efficacy. There is evidence supporting the use of cannabis or its derivatives in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, neuropathic pain, and multiple sclerosis. Lower levels of evidence support its use for AIDS wasting syndrome , epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, and glaucoma. The medical use of cannabis is legal only in
2250-543: Is legalized only in the Australian Capital Territory . Cannabis is a Scythian word. The ancient Greeks learned of the use of cannabis by observing Scythian funerals, during which cannabis was consumed. In Akkadian , cannabis was known as qunubu ( 𐎯𐎫𐎠𐎭𐏂 ). The word was adopted in to the Hebrew as qaneh bosem ( קָנֶה בֹּשׂם ). Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana, refers to
2325-409: Is mostly used recreationally or as a medicinal drug, although it may also be used for spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). It is the most commonly used largely-illegal drug in the world, with the highest use among adults in Zambia , the United States , Canada , and Nigeria . Since the 1970s,
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2400-585: Is not believed to increase risk of lung or upper airway cancer. Evidence for causing these cancers is mixed concerning heavy, long-term use. In general there are far lower risks of pulmonary complications for regular cannabis smokers when compared with those of tobacco. A 2015 review found an association between cannabis use and the development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), particularly non- seminoma TGCTs. Another 2015 meta-analysis found no association between lifetime cannabis use and risk of head or neck cancer. Combustion products are not present when using
2475-712: The Controlled Substances Act . It did not change the regulation on the manufacturing or the sale of cannabis. Sensible Enforcement of Cannabis Act . Proposed 2019 legislation to protect cannabis businesses and consumers in states where cannabis has been legalized, into law. Like the REFER Act and STATES Act , this legislation would allow federal cannabis prohibition to remain in place in states where cannabis has not been legalized. CARERS Act . 2019 proposed U.S. legislation to allow states to set their own medical marijuana policies and permit doctors with
2550-481: The Department of Veterans Affairs to recommend medical cannabis to veterans to treat serious and chronic conditions. It was introduced in 2015, 2017, and 2019. Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act . U.S. legislation to remove cannabis entirely from the Controlled Substances Act , transfer enforcement authority away from U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and establish a nationally regulated industry under
2625-501: The South Carolina Compassionate Care Act legalizing medical cannabis, was reintroduced on January 19 by Tom Davis (R). A special order on the bill received two thirds majority vote of the state senate on February 7, bypassing further committees and debate before a full floor vote. The bill was passed by the senate on February 14. Kentucky HB 420 to legalize and regulate cannabis for adult use
2700-415: The μ- and δ-opioid receptors . THC also potentiates the effects of the glycine receptors . It is unknown if or how these actions contribute to the effects of cannabis. The high lipid-solubility of cannabinoids results in their persisting in the body for long periods of time. Even after a single administration of THC, detectable levels of THC can be found in the body for weeks or longer (depending on
2775-568: The 2024 or 2025 ballot. On May 7, South Dakotans for Better Marijuana Laws delivered 29,000 voter signatures to the South Dakota Secretary of State, enough to get the initiative on the ballot if at least 60% are validated. It was certified for the 2024 ballot on June 3. On a 49-4 vote, the California Assembly passed a bill, AB 1775, allowing cannabis lounges on May 20. The bill was passed with amendments by
2850-460: The 20th century. In 2013, Uruguay became the first country to legalize recreational use of cannabis. Other countries to do so are Canada, Georgia , Germany , Luxembourg , Malta , South Africa , and Thailand . In the U.S., the recreational use of cannabis is legalized in 24 states , 3 territories, and the District of Columbia , though the drug remains federally illegal . In Australia , it
2925-510: The CB 2 receptor is found primarily in peripheral tissues, but is also expressed in neuroglial cells. THC appears to alter mood and cognition through its agonist actions on the CB 1 receptors, which inhibit a secondary messenger system ( adenylate cyclase ) in a dose-dependent manner. Via CB 1 receptor activation, THC indirectly increases dopamine release and produces psychotropic effects. CBD also acts as an allosteric modulator of
3000-493: The DSM-V involves a combination of DSM-IV criteria for cannabis abuse and dependence, plus the addition of craving, without the criterion related to legal troubles. From a clinical perspective, two significant school of thought exists for psychiatric conditions associated with cannabis (or cannabinoids) use: transient, non-persistent psychotic reactions, and longer-lasting, persistent disorders that resemble schizophrenia. The former
3075-823: The Fight" . Rolling Stone . ^ "Lawmakers Introduce Bipartisan Medical Marijuana Bill" . Congressman Steve Cohen . January 3, 2019. ^ "Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act reintroduced in 'the most pro-cannabis Congress in history' " . The Washington Times . ^ Daugherty, Owen (January 10, 2019). "House bill that would treat marijuana like alcohol named 'HR 420' in nod to cannabis culture" . The Hill . ^ https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/(4)%20Marijuana%20Revenue%20and%20Regulation%20Act%20Summary.pdf Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_legislation_proposals_in_the_United_States&oldid=1200177133 " Categories : Cannabis law in
Cannabis legislation proposals in the United States - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-659: The United States Proposed laws of the United States Hidden categories: All articles with bare URLs for citations Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022 Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Cannabis (drug) Cannabis ( / ˈ k æ n ə b ɪ s / ), commonly known as marijuana ( / ˌ m æ r ə ˈ w ɑː n ə / ), weed , and pot , among other names ,
3225-423: The amount administered and the sensitivity of the assessment method). Investigators have suggested that this is an important factor in marijuana's effects, perhaps because cannabinoids may accumulate in the body, particularly in the lipid membranes of neurons. The main psychoactive component of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is formed via decarboxylation of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) from
3300-406: The application of heat. Raw leaf is not psychoactive because the cannabinoids are in the form of carboxylic acids . THC is one of the 483 known compounds in the plant, including at least 65 other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD). THC and its major (inactive) metabolite, THC-COOH , can be measured in blood, urine, hair, oral fluid or sweat using chromatographic techniques as part of
3375-483: The cases were for gastrointestinal issues including cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome . According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, there were 455,000 emergency room visits associated with cannabis use in 2011. These statistics include visits in which the patient was treated for a condition induced by or related to recent cannabis use. The drug use must be "implicated" in
3450-423: The effects of cannabis is usually referred to as being "high". Cannabis consumption has both psychoactive and physiological effects. The "high" experience can vary widely, based (among other things) on the user's prior experience with cannabis, and the type of cannabis consumed. When smoking cannabis, a euphoriant effect can occur within minutes of smoking. Aside from a subjective change in perception and mood,
3525-418: The emergency department visit, but does not need to be the direct cause of the visit. Most of the illicit drug emergency room visits involved multiple drugs. In 129,000 cases, cannabis was the only implicated drug. THC is a weak partial agonist at CB 1 receptors , while CBD is a CB 1 receptor antagonist. The CB 1 receptor is found primarily in the brain as well as in some peripheral tissues, and
3600-404: The first-use age for other illicit drugs. A 2022 Gallup poll concluded Americans are smoking more marijuana than cigarettes for the first time. Acute negative effects may include anxiety and panic, impaired attention and memory, an increased risk of psychotic symptoms, the inability to think clearly, and an increased risk of accidents. Cannabis impairs a person's driving ability, and THC
3675-417: The initial screening method when testing physiological specimens for marijuana presence, have different degrees of cross-reactivity with THC and its metabolites. Urine contains predominantly THC-COOH, while hair, oral fluid and sweat contain primarily THC. Blood may contain both substances, with the relative amounts dependent on the recency and extent of usage. The Duquenois–Levine test is commonly used as
3750-569: The latter substances. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a severe condition seen in some chronic cannabis users where they have repeated bouts of uncontrollable vomiting for 24–48 hours. Four cases of death have been reported as a result of CHS. A limited number of studies have examined the effects of cannabis smoking on the respiratory system. Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with respiratory infections , coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The available evidence does not support
3825-535: The liver (particularly with co-existing hepatitis C ), lungs, heart, and vasculature". A 2014 review found that while cannabis use may be less harmful than alcohol use, the recommendation to substitute it for problematic drinking was premature without further study. Various surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019 found that many users of cannabis substitute it for prescription drugs (including opioids), alcohol, and tobacco; most of those who used it in place of alcohol or tobacco either reduced or stopped their intake of
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#17327986033303900-579: The long-term effects of cannabis on cognition, and the results were generally inconsistent. Furthermore, effect sizes of significant findings were generally small. One review concluded that, although most cognitive faculties were unimpaired by cannabis use, residual deficits occurred in executive functions . Impairments in executive functioning are most consistently found in older populations, which may reflect heavier cannabis exposure, or developmental effects associated with adolescent cannabis use. One review found three prospective cohort studies that examined
3975-817: The most common short-term physical and neurological effects include increased heart rate, increased appetite, impairment of short-term and working memory, and impairment of psychomotor coordination . Additional desired effects from consuming cannabis include relaxation, a general alteration of conscious perception , increased awareness of sensation, increased libido and distortions in the perception of time and space. At higher doses, effects can include altered body image , auditory or visual illusions , pseudohallucinations and ataxia from selective impairment of polysynaptic reflexes . In some cases, cannabis can lead to dissociative states such as depersonalization and derealization . Cannabis has held sacred status in several religions and has served as an entheogen –
4050-721: The oversight of the Food and Drug Administration , Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, Firearms and Explosives , and Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Tax and Trade Bureau . The bill was numbered H.R. 420 in a nod to cannabis culture. Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act , also known as the MORE Act . 2019 legislation to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and tax cannabis products to create trust funds for justice projects. Marijuana Revenue and Regulation Act . 2019 U.S. legislation introduced by Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden and Rep. Earl Blumenauer to create
4125-490: The people in the United States had tried marijuana, 16% had used it in the past year, and 11% had used it in the past month. In 2014, surveys said daily marijuana use amongst US college students had reached its highest level since records began in 1980, rising from 3.5% in 2007 to 5.9% in 2014 and had surpassed daily cigarette use. In the US, men are over twice as likely to use marijuana as women, and 18–29-year-olds are six times more likely to use as over-65-year-olds. In 2015,
4200-565: The possibility of self-administered zinc producing false-negative urine drug tests. CBD is a 5-HT 1A receptor agonist, which is under laboratory research to determine if it has an anxiolytic effect. It is often claimed that sativa strains provide a more stimulating psychoactive high while indica strains are more sedating with a body high. However, this is disputed by researchers. List of 2024 United States cannabis reform proposals The Federal administrative process that began with President Biden's directive in 2022, and in 2023 with
4275-520: The potency of illicit cannabis has increased, with THC levels rising and CBD levels dropping. Cannabis plants have been grown since at least the 3rd millennium BCE and there is evidence of it being smoked for its psychoactive effects around 500 BCE in the Pamir Mountains , Central Asia. Since the 14th century, cannabis has been subject to legal restrictions. The possession, use, and cultivation of cannabis has been illegal in most countries since
4350-746: The prior 90 days' admitted use when hiring, instead of the prior standard of several years. The Drug Enforcement Agency itself settled a wrongful termination lawsuit brought by an agent who had a positive urinalysis test for THC metabolites, when he had been taking legal cannabidiol (CBD), and reinstated the agent with back pay and paid his legal fees. During the 2024 United States presidential campaign , both major party U.S. presidential candidates promised to support either rescheduling or legalization. Since 2011, HUD has prohibited use and growing in any low income housing. On January 25, Senator Cory Booker introduced S.3671, that would end restrictions on cannabis users in federally funded housing, provided
4425-526: The relationship between self-reported cannabis use and intelligence quotient (IQ). The study following the largest number of heavy cannabis users reported that IQ declined between ages 7–13 and age 38. Poorer school performance and increased incidence of leaving school early were both associated with cannabis use, although a causal relationship was not established. Cannabis users demonstrated increased activity in task-related brain regions, consistent with reduced processing efficiency. A reduced quality of life
4500-459: The risk of myocardial infarction by 4.8 times for the 60 minutes after consumption. There is preliminary evidence that cannabis interferes with the anticoagulant properties of prescription drugs used for treating blood clots . As of 2019 , the mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory and possible pain relieving effects of cannabis were not defined, and there were no governmental regulatory approvals or clinical practices for use of cannabis as
4575-537: The risk of psychosis, though the direction of causality is debated. Physical effects include increased heart rate, difficulty breathing, nausea, and behavioral problems in children whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy; short-term side effects may also include dry mouth and red eyes. Long-term adverse effects may include addiction, decreased mental ability in those who started regular use as adolescents, chronic coughing, susceptibility to respiratory infections , and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome . Cannabis
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#17327986033304650-466: The spiritual use of cannabis has been spread by the disciples of the Rastafari movement who use cannabis as a sacrament and as an aid to meditation. Many different ways to consume cannabis involve heat to decarboxylate THCA into THC; common modes include: In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). Cannabis
4725-548: The state legislature. A state senate legalization bill, SB3335, was introduced on January 24. Hawaii SB 2487 was introduced around January 26. On February 13, SB3335 was passed by both the Human Services Committee and the Judiciary Committee committee, and was on its way for a second reading in the state senate. By the end of February, Ways and Means had passed the bill and it was cleared for
4800-550: The state senate on August 27, then re-approved by the assembly on August 28. Another bill, AB 1111, was approved by both chambers, and would allow sales by farmers at temporary events such as the California State Fair . Governor Newsom signed the lounge bill into law on September 30, and vetoed AB 1111. Nebraska initiative measures 437 and 438 were approved by voters on November 5, legalizing medical cannabis and establishing Nebraska Medical Cannabis Commission as
4875-588: The state where possession was legalized in 2021 , was introduced by state senator Aaron Rouse in 2023 and was advanced by committee in January 2024. It was approved by a second committee on January 31, before the final Finance and Appropriations Committee hearing that precedes a possible floor vote. Also in Virginia, SB 696, is aimed at individuals charged with felonies associated with marijuana prior to July 1, 2021 be released. South Carolina Senate Bill 0423,
4950-422: The strain it can place on the cardiovascular system . Some deaths have also been attributed to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome . There is an association between cannabis use and suicide, particularly in younger users. A 16-month survey of Oregon and Alaska emergency departments found a report of the death of an adult who had been admitted for acute cannabis toxicity. A 2015 meta-analysis found that, although
5025-423: The toxicity and lethality of THC in children is not known, they are at risk for encephalopathy, hypotension, respiratory depression severe enough to require ventilation, somnolence and coma. There is no clear evidence for a link between cannabis use and deaths from cardiovascular disease, but a 2019 review noted that it may be an under-reported, contributory factor or direct cause in cases of sudden death , due to
5100-470: The use is in compliance with state law. The same day, a matching House bill H.R. 7094 was introduced by Rep. Eleanor Holmes Norton . The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 passed by the House on March 6 contained language directing the Department of Justice to study state legalization and regulation, a provision of the failed 2023 PREPARE Act that Rep. Dave Joyce had called preparation for "the inevitable end to federal cannabis prohibition". In
5175-635: The use of cannabis to treat disease or improve symptoms; however, there is no single agreed-upon definition (e.g., cannabinoids derived from cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids are also used). The rigorous scientific study of cannabis as a medicine has been hampered by production restrictions and by the fact that it is classified as an illegal drug by many governments. There is some evidence suggesting cannabis can be used to reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy , to improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS , or to treat chronic pain and muscle spasms . Evidence for its use for other medical applications
5250-448: Was "A bill to limit the consideration of marijuana use when making an employment suitability or security clearance determination, and for other purposes", was introduced on July 11 by Senator Gary Peters . It "would prohibit federal agencies from using past marijuana use as the sole factor in determining employment suitability, qualification standards, or eligibility for security clearances and federal credentials" and "exempt marijuana from
5325-529: Was introduced by Keturah Herron on January 31. West Virginia House Bill 4873 to legalize and regulate cannabis for adult use was introduced by Joey Garcia and six other house delegates. In the annual budget address, the Governor of Pennsylvania, Josh Shapiro , requested the legislature to legalize cannabis to bring in $ 250 million annual revenue and eliminate diversion of law enforcement resources from higher priorities. Pennsylvania HB 2210, legalization
5400-674: Was introduced by sponsor Amen Brown and referred to Health Committee 2024-04-09; the matching senate bill SB 846 dates from 2023. The Florida Supreme Court issued a ruling on April 1 that the Florida marijuana legalization initiative, 2024 Florida Amendment 3 , would appear on the November ballot. On April 25, the North Dakota Secretary of State approved an adult-use legalization initiative, supported by New Economic Frontier, for signature collection. It could appear on
5475-541: Was introduced in early January by Nima Kulkarni to legalize possession but not sales of cannabis. The governor of Wisconsin, Tony Evers (D), said in early January that he would sign a medical cannabis bill if it was passed by the legislature. The bill, which includes state-run dispensaries, was introduced on January 8 by lawmakers in the majority-Republican state assembly. On January 3, Erica Layon (R) introduced New Hampshire HB 1633, adult-use legalization. The bill passed by 239-136 house vote on April 11, 2024. It
5550-652: Was passed by the Senate Judiciary Committee on May 8, with 36 pages of amendments, then passed by the senate on May 16. An amended bill was returned from bicameral conference committee on June 5. On June 13, the bill passed 14-10 in the New Hampshire Senate, then was tabled (killed) in the House. Around January 7, the Hawaii Attorney General released an over 300-page draft legalization bill to be considered by
5625-440: Was the illicit drug most frequently found in the blood of drivers who have been involved in vehicle crashes. Those with THC in their system are from three to seven times more likely to be the cause of the accident than those who had not used either cannabis or alcohol, although its role is not necessarily causal because THC stays in the bloodstream for days to weeks after intoxication. Some immediate undesired side effects include
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