Spanish Renovation ( Spanish : Renovación Española , RE ) was a Spanish monarchist political party active during the Second Spanish Republic that advocated the restoration of Alfonso XIII of Spain , as opposed to Carlism . Associated with the Acción Española think-tank, the party was led by Antonio Goicoechea and José Calvo Sotelo . In 1937, during the course of the Spanish Civil War , it formally disappeared after Francisco Franco 's merger of the variety of far-right organizations in the rebel zone into a single party.
8-634: The group was formed in January 1933 after Goicoechea and some followers split from Acción Popular and were given Alfonso's approval to form a new party, although from the outset RE maintained good relations with the Carlists and sought to bring them into various anti-Republican conspiracies. Even before the Civil War RE was linked to the Falange , paying it a 10,000 peseta monthly subsidy. RE espoused
16-481: A kind of authoritarian statist corporatism, particularly marked after Calvo Sotelo took control of the party. The group was one of the first amongst those involved in conspiracy against the Popular Front government to endorse Franco as overall leader. RE was also closely linked to the military group Unión Militar Española which played an important role in bringing about civil war. During the opening stages of
24-546: A variety of other far right groups RE disappeared in April 1937 with the formation of the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista . Recognising that his power base was flimsy at best Goicoechea immediately accepted the decree and dissolved RE. The Popular Front was an electoral alliance formed between various left-wing and centrist parties for elections to
32-458: The Cortes in 1936, in which the alliance won a majority of seats. Virtually all Nationalist groups had very strong Roman Catholic convictions and supported the native Spanish clergy. Popular Action (Spain) Defunct Popular Action ( Spanish : Acción Popular ), until 1932 National Action (Spanish: Acción Nacional ), was a Spanish Roman Catholic political party active during
40-580: The Second Spanish Republic . The group was formed after the fall of the monarchy and the defeat of monarchist parties in the 1931 elections , in order to defend the interests of Roman Catholics in the new Spanish Republic. It emanated from the Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas and effectively formed a political party drawn from this hard-line monarchist movement. The main leader of Popular Action
48-480: The civil war RE was close to General Emilio Mola , who consulted regularly with the group's leadership. The assassination of Calvo Sotelo , who was much more personally popular and a better orator than the generally ineffectual Goicoechea, in July 1936 had weakened RE somewhat and before long they became wholly subservient to Franco in an attempt to retain influence for a group that had little popular support. Along with
56-608: The formation of CEDA the party's youth movement, Juventudes de Acción Popular (commonly known as the Greenshirts) continued to organise. However, in the spring of 1936, the decline of Popular Action was underlined when 15,000 Greenshirts left the movement to join FE de las JONS instead. On the eve of the Spanish Civil War , Popular Action had around 12,000 members. When Francisco Franco announced his decree establishing
64-542: Was editor of El Debate and future cardinal Ángel Herrera Oria . In 1932, National Action had to change its name, because parties and political movements were prohibited to use the word "national" in their names. The Popular Action sought to unite the right-wing, monarchist and Catholic camp and thus became the core of a conservative federation of parties, the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (CEDA), established in 1933. Even after
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