Social responsibility is an ethical concept in which a person works and cooperates with other people and organizations for the benefit of the community.
46-428: (Redirected from Responsibilities ) Responsibility may refer to: Collective responsibility – Responsibility of organizations, groups and societies Corporate social responsibility – Form of corporate self-regulation aimed at contributing to social or charitable goals Duty – Commitment or obligation to someone or something or to perform an action on
92-474: A balance between the economy and the ecosystem one lives within, and possible trade-offs between economic development, and the welfare of society and the environment. Social responsibility pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone whose actions impact the environment. Writers in the classical Western philosophical tradition acknowledged the importance of social responsibility for human thriving . Aristotle determined that "Man
138-620: A contract (the Covenant between God and the Children of Israel ). Ezra , a priest and a scribe, was the leader of a large group of exiles. On his return to Jerusalem , where he was required to teach the Jews to obey the laws of God , he discovered that the Jews had been marrying non-Jews . He tore his garments in despair and confessed the sins of Israel before God, before he went on to purify
184-653: A 2011 episode of The Amazing World of Gumball Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Responsibility . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Responsibility&oldid=1236185111 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Sociological terminology Virtue Hidden categories: Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
230-563: A company follows the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for emissions of dangerous pollutants and goes further to involve the community and address concerns the public might have, they might be less likely to have the EPA investigate them. According to some experts, most rules and regulations are formed due to public outcry, which threatens profit maximization and therefore
276-751: A fallback Responsibility assumption , a doctrine in existential psychotherapy Role – Expected social behavioural norms Single responsibility principle , where a responsibility is a reason to change Social responsibility – Ethical framework As a proper name [ edit ] Responsibility (novel) , by Nigel Cox "Responsibility" (song) , by punk band MxPx See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikiquote has quotations related to Responsibility . All pages with titles containing Responsibility All pages with titles containing Irresponsible All pages with titles containing Responsible Accountability Blame Moral hazard " The Responsible ",
322-475: A fallback via Module:Annotated link Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Collective responsibility Collective responsibility or collective guilt, is the responsibility of organizations, groups and societies. Collective responsibility in the form of collective punishment is often used as a disciplinary measure in closed institutions, e.g. boarding schools (punishing
368-399: A political context). He believed that the polis is meant to be "a community of equals for the sake of a life which is potentially the best." Some of the virtues in his scheme of virtue ethics , like magnificence and justice were inseparable from a sense of social responsibility. Cicero believed that "In no other realm does human excellence approach so closely the paths of
414-567: A slightly positive correlation with improved shareholder returns. While many corporations include social responsibility in their operations, those procuring their goods and services may also independently ensure these products are socially sustainable . Verification tools are available from many entities internationally, for example the Underwriters Laboratories environmental standards, BioPreferred , and Green Seal . A corporate reputation aligned with social responsibility
460-410: A special and greater responsibility than average citizens with respect to the generation and use of scientific knowledge. Some argue that because of the complexity of social responsibility in research, scientists and engineers should not be blamed for all the evils created by new scientific knowledge and technological innovations. First, there is fragmentation and diffusion of responsibility: Because of
506-471: A whole class for the actions of one known or unknown pupil), military units, prisons (juvenile and adult), psychiatric facilities, etc. The effectiveness and severity of this measure may vary greatly, but it often breeds distrust and isolation among their members. Historically, collective punishment is a sign of authoritarian tendencies in the institution or its home society. In ethics , both methodological individualists and normative individualists question
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#1732764693787552-492: Is a sign of authoritarian and/or totalitarian tendencies in the institution and/or its home society. For example, in the Soviet Gulags , all members of a brigada (work unit) were punished for bad performance of any of its members. Collective punishment is also practiced in the situation of war, economic sanctions , etc., presupposing the existence of collective guilt. Collective guilt, or guilt by association ,
598-402: Is by being careful not to spread information that you have not diligently vetted for its truth. In the modern information environment, "the stakes of credulity are simply too high," says Francisco Mejia Uribe. Socially responsible people have "the moral obligation to believe only what we have diligently investigated." And a socially responsible person "in her capacity as communicator of belief… has
644-485: Is by nature a political animal." He saw ethics and politics as mutually-reinforcing: a citizen develops the virtues in large part so that they can contribute to making the polis an excellent and stable one. And the purpose of that was so that the polis would be fertile soil in which a thriving, virtuous citizenry could grow (and in order that there could be an appropriate political context in which one could successfully practice virtues like justice which require
690-467: Is linked to higher profits, particularly when firms voluntarily report the positive and negative impacts of their social responsibility endeavors. Certification processes like these help corporations and their consumers identify potential risks associated with a product's lifecycle and enable end users to confirm the corporation's practices adhere to social responsibility ideals. A reputation for social responsibility leads to more positive responses toward
736-515: Is the controversial collectivist idea that individuals who are identified as a member of a certain group carry the responsibility for an act or behavior that members of that group have demonstrated, even if they themselves were not involved. Contemporary systems of criminal law accept the principle that guilt shall only be personal. During the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany , the Germans applied collective responsibility: any kind of help which
782-544: Is the perception of groups as being entities in themselves (an entitative group), independent of any of the group's members. In ethics, individualists question the idea of collective responsibility. Methodological individualists challenge the very possibility of associating moral agency with groups, as distinct from their individual members, and normative individualists argue that collective responsibility violates principles of both individual responsibility and fairness. ( Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ) Normally, only
828-442: Is unacceptable in scholarship, let alone in normal discourse and is, I think, one of the key ingredients in genocidal thinking." Social responsibility An organization can demonstrate social responsibility in several ways, for instance, by donating, encouraging volunteerism , using ethical hiring procedures, and making changes that benefit the environment. Social responsibility is an individual responsibility that involves
874-406: Is unacceptable in scholarship, let alone in normal discourse and is, I think, one of the key ingredients in genocidal thinking." As the business practices known as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability mature and converge with the responsibilities of governments and citizens, the term "collective responsibility" is beginning to be more widely used. Collective responsibility
920-415: Is widely applied in corporations, where the entire workforce is held responsible for failure to achieve corporate targets (for example, profit targets), irrespective of the performance of individuals or teams which may have achieved or overachieved within their area. Collective punishment , even including measures that actually further harm the prospect of achieving targets, is applied as a measure to 'teach'
966-579: The Book of Joshua 's Achan . In those records, entire communities were punished for the actions of the vast majority of their members. This was accomplished in as much as it is impossible to state whether there were no other righteous people, or that there were children who were too young to be responsible for their deeds. Through this framework of inductive reasoning , both the account of the Flood and Sodom and Gomorrah do identify righteous people who happen to be
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#17327646937871012-645: The Wehrmacht advance across Poland in September 1939 and thereafter. Another example of collective punishment was applied after the war, when ethnic Germans in Central and Eastern Europe were collectively blamed for Nazi crimes, resulting in the commition of numerous atrocities against the German population, including killings (see Expulsion of Germans after World War II and Beneš decrees ). Entitativity
1058-487: The rainbow as the sign of this "everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth", and for the latter example pre-empted with an explicitly stated numerical target of 9 other community members' lives to be put in peril (and to have an ostensibly lower number of homes destroyed, being located in Sodom ) due to a hypothetical 10th's evaluation as unrighteous. The practice of blaming
1104-529: The Ignorant Scientist : "Ignorance is not an excuse precisely because scientists can be blamed for being ignorant." Another point of view is that responsibility falls on those who provide the funding for the research and technological developments (in most cases corporations and government agencies). Because taxpayers provide the funds for government-sponsored research, they and the politicians that represent them should perhaps be held accountable for
1150-456: The Jews for Jesus' death is the longest-lasting example of collective responsibility. In this case, the blame was not only cast upon the Jews of Jesus's time, it was also cast upon successive generations of Jews. This practice is documented in Matthew 27:25-66 New International Version (NIV) 25: "All the people answered, 'His blood is on us and on our children! ' " Collective responsibility in
1196-528: The UNESCO International Bioethics Committee particularly in relation to child and maternal welfare. The International Organization for Standardization will "encourage voluntary commitment to social responsibility and will lead to common guidance on concepts, definitions and methods of evaluation." Ethical decision-making by businesses can prevent costly government intervention in those businesses. For instance, if
1242-582: The actions of one generation have consequences for their posterity, and also can be more or less respectful for their ancestors. Social responsibility can require a degree of boldness or courage . Alexander Solzhenitsyn , for example, believed that "we have gotten used to regarding as valor only valor in war (or the kind that's needed for flying in outer space), the kind which jingle-jangles with medals. We have forgotten another concept of valor—civil valor . And that's all our society needs, just that, just that, just that!". Another way to be socially responsible
1288-460: The behalf of Legal responsibility (disambiguation) Media responsibility – Principles of ethics and of good practice in journalism Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Moral responsibility , i.e. personal responsibility Obligation – Course of action that someone is required to take, whether legal or moral Professional responsibility – area of legal practice Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
1334-647: The community. The Book of Jeremiah (Yirmiyahu [ירמיהו]) can be organized into five sub-sections. One part, Jeremiah 2-24, displays scorn for the sins of Israel. The poem in 2:1–3:5 shows the evidence of a broken covenant against Israel. This concept is found in the Old Testament (or the Tanakh ), some examples of it are the account of the Flood , the Tower of Babel , Sodom and Gomorrah and in some interpretations,
1380-540: The development of military technologies and weaponry. Many professional societies and national organizations, such as the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the United States, have ethical guidelines (see Engineering ethics and Research ethics for the conduct of scientific research and engineering). Scientists and engineers, individually and collectively, have
1426-403: The entire government cabinet must resign if a vote of no confidence is passed in parliament . Where two or more persons are liable in respect of the same obligation, the extent of their joint liability varies among jurisdictions. The Jewish faith recognizes two kinds of sin, offenses against other people, and offenses against God . An offense against God may be understood as a violation of
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1472-434: The form of collective punishment is often used as a disciplinary measure in closed institutions, e.g. boarding schools (punishing a whole class for the actions of one known or unknown pupil), military units, prisons (juvenile and adult), psychiatric facilities, etc. The effectiveness and severity of this measure may vary greatly, but it often breeds distrust and isolation among their members. Historically, collective punishment
1518-772: The gods as it does in the founding of new and in the preservation of already founded communities." In the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius , he wrote that "That which isn't good for the hive isn't good for the bee." In 1953, the book Social responsibility of the businessman published by the American economist Howard Bowen was one of the first to address the issue of social responsibility as it relates to business activity. One can be socially responsible passively, by avoiding engaging in socially harmful acts, or actively, by performing activities that advance social goals. Social responsibility has an intergenerational aspect, since
1564-489: The immediate or prospective family members of a prophet or prophet's nephew , along with them. These sequences of events are reconciled for the former example afterwards as the etiological basis for the reader's presumed good fortunes in the Noahic covenant with all living creatures, in which God promises never again to destroy all life on Earth (a category implicitly broader than the unrighteous) by flood and creates
1610-486: The individual actor can accrue culpability for actions that they freely cause. The notion of collective culpability seems to deny individual moral responsibility. Does collective responsibility make sense? History is filled with examples of a wronged man who tried to avenge himself, not only on the person who has wronged him, but on other members of the wrongdoer's family, tribe, ethnic group, religion, or nation. According to A. Dirk Moses , "The collective guilt accusation
1656-459: The intellectual and physical division of labor, the resulting fragmentation of knowledge, the high degree of specialization, and the complex and hierarchical decision-making process within corporations and government research laboratories, it is exceedingly difficult for individual scientists and engineers to control the applications of their innovations. This fragmentation of work and decision-making results in fragmented moral accountability, often to
1702-410: The moral responsibility not to pollute the well of collective knowledge and instead to strive to sustain its integrity." Are scientists and engineers morally responsible for the negative consequences that result from applications of their knowledge and inventions? If scientists and engineers take pride in the positive achievements of science and technology, shouldn't they also accept responsibility for
1748-447: The negative consequences related to the use or abuse of scientific knowledge and technological innovations? Scientists and engineers have a collective responsibility to examine the values embedded in the research problems they choose and the ethics of how they share their findings with the public. Committees of scientists and engineers are often involved in planning governmental and corporate research programs, including those devoted to
1794-709: The point where "everybody involved was responsible but none could be held responsible." Another problem is ignorance. The scientists and engineers cannot predict how their newly generated knowledge and technological innovations may be abused or misused. The excuse of ignorance is stronger for scientists involved in very basic and fundamental research where potential applications cannot be even envisioned, than for scientists and engineers involved in applied scientific research and technological innovation since in such work objectives are well-known. For example, most corporations conduct research on specific products or services that promise to yield profit for share-holders. Similarly, most of
1840-499: The research funded by governments is mission-oriented, such as protecting the environment, developing new drugs, or designing more lethal weapons. In cases where the application of scientific knowledge and technological innovation is well-known a priori , a scientist or engineer cannot escape responsibility for research and technological innovation that is morally dubious. As John Forge writes in Moral Responsibility and
1886-421: The theme of collective responsibility throughout the investigation process. In some countries with parliamentary systems , there is a convention that all members of a cabinet must publicly support all government decisions, even if they do not agree with them. Members of the cabinet that wish to dissent or object publicly must resign from their positions or be sacked. As a result of collective responsibility,
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1932-606: The uses and abuses of science. In times past scientists could often conduct research independently, but today's experimental research requires expensive laboratories and instrumentation, making scientists dependent on those who pay for their studies. Quasi-legal instruments, or soft law , has received some normative status in relation to private and public corporations in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights developed by
1978-401: The validity of collective responsibility. Normally, only the individual actor can accrue culpability for actions that they freely cause. The notion of collective culpability seems to deny individual moral responsibility. Contemporary systems of criminal law accept the principle that guilt shall only be personal. According to genocide scholar A. Dirk Moses , "The collective guilt accusation
2024-522: The well-being of shareholders; if there is no outcry, this limits regulation. Some critics argue that corporate social responsibility (CSR) distracts from the fundamental economic role of businesses; others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing, such as " greenwashing "; others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful corporations. A significant number of studies have shown no negative influence on shareholder results from CSR but rather
2070-608: The workforce. The concept of collective responsibility is present in literature, most notably in Samuel Taylor Coleridge 's " The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ", a poem telling the tale of a ship's crew who died of thirst after they approved of one crew member's killing of an albatross . 1959's Ben-Hur and 1983's prison crime drama Bad Boys depict collective responsibility and punishment. The play 'An Inspector Calls' by J.B Priestley also features
2116-486: Was given to a person of Jewish faith or origin was punished with death, and not only the rescuer, but his/her family was also executed. This was widely publicized by the Germans. During the occupation, for every German killed by a Pole, 100-400 Poles were shot in retribution. Communities were held collectively responsible for the purported Polish counter-attacks against the invading German troops. Mass executions of łapanka hostages were conducted every single day during
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