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River Brue

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71-592: The River Brue originates in the parish of Brewham in Somerset , England, and reaches the sea some 50 kilometres (31 mi) west at Burnham-on-Sea . It originally took a different route from Glastonbury to the sea, but this was changed by Glastonbury Abbey in the twelfth century. The river provides an important drainage route for water from a low-lying area which is prone to flooding which man has tried to manage through rhynes , canals, artificial rivers and sluices for centuries. The Brue Valley Living Landscape

142-612: A major incident , as defined under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 . At this time, with 17,000 acres (6,900 ha) of agricultural land having been under water for over a month, the village of Thorney was abandoned and Muchelney was cut off by flood waters for almost a month. Northmoor Green , which is more commonly known as Moorland, was also severely affected. By the end of January, 17,000 acres (6,900 ha) of agricultural land, including North Moor , Curry and Hay Moors and Greylake , had been under water for over

213-637: A population of 441. The name of the villages comes from the settlement on the River Brue . In 1066 it was held by Robert son of Wimarc the Staller but after the Norman Conquest was given to William de Moyon is mentioned as a manor belonging to William de Moyon who gave it to his son, William de Mohun of Dunster . Later the manor was given to Bruton Abbey until the Dissolution of

284-407: A great success and was declared a National Nature Reserve in 1995. Peat working is now beginning to draw to a close on Westhay Moor and the majority of the remaining peatworkings are now being restored to wetland as they are completed. In 2014 two land owners unsuccessfully appealed against changes in planning permission which removed their rights to dig peat from Westhay Moor. Westhay Moor supports

355-407: A habitat for several species of invertebrates. These include moths such as the argent and sable moth ( Rheumaptera hastata ) and narrow bordered bee hawk-moth ( Hemaris tityus ). While butterfly species include the small heath ( Coenonympha pamphilus ), pearl-bordered fritillary ( Boloria euphrosyne ) and small pearl-bordered fritillary ( Boloria selene ). Beetles found in the valley include

426-472: A link between the former Bruton Abbey , and its courthouse in the High Street. The bridge was restored after floods in 1982. The River Brue has a long history of flooding. Its lower reaches are close to sea level, and the river above Bruton drains an area of 31 square kilometres (12 sq mi) into a steep and narrow valley. In 1984 a protective dam was built 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) upstream from

497-493: A month. Bridgwater was partly flooded on 10 February 2014, when with 20,000 sandbags ready to be deployed. Over 600 houses were flooded, and both flooding and groundwater disrupted services including trains on the Bristol to Exeter line between Bridgwater and Taunton. Further preventative work under the title of the "Brue Catchment River Maintenance Pilot Project" has led to controversy about the need for dredging and maintenance of

568-660: A nationally outstanding community of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates . At least 28 nationally notable invertebrate species also occur on the moor. The meadows, ditches, abandoned peat workings and hedgerows provide suitable breeding habitats for a diverse and nationally important breeding bird community. It is part of the Brue Valley Living Landscape conservation project. The project commenced in January 2009 and aims to restore, recreate and reconnect habitats ; joining together protected areas into

639-485: A network to enable plant and animal movement. It aims to ensure that wildlife is enhanced and capable of sustaining itself in the face of climate change while guaranteeing farmers and other landowners can continue to use their land profitably. It is one of an increasing number of landscape scale conservation projects in the UK. Part of the moor has been designated as a nature reserve, covering 106 hectares (261 acres), which

710-526: A railway was built along the towpath. During the Second World War the Brue was incorporated into GHQ Line and many pillboxes were constructed along the river. Gants Mill at Pitcombe , near Bruton, is a watermill which is still used to mill cattle feed. A 12 kilowatts (16 hp) hydroelectric turbine was recently installed at the site. There has been a mill here since the 13th century, but

781-497: A significant contribution to reducing the adverse effects of flooding. These include the conversion of arable land, adoption of the Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) approach to controlling rainwater runoff from developed areas, dredging, raising riverbanks and improving pumping facilities. Further studies of the possible beneficial effects of woodland in reducing flooding have also been undertaken. During

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852-476: A system of sluice gates and pumps. The water resource management operations are managed by the Somerset internal drainage board . In the early 18th century several duck decoys were built on the moor. These consisted of a pool of water leading from which are from one to eight curving, tapering ditches. Over each ditch is a series of hoops, initially made from wood, later from iron, which diminish in size as

923-641: Is a 513.7-hectare (1,269-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north-east of Westhay village and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from Wedmore in Somerset , England, notified in 1971. Westhay Moor is also notified as part of the Somerset Levels and Moors Special Protection Area under the EU Birds Directive and as a Ramsar site , and a National Nature Reserve . The low-lying swampy area of Westhay Moor has had peat laid down over older rocks for

994-620: Is an ecological conservation project based on the Somerset Levels and Moors and managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust . The valley includes several Sites of Special Scientific Interest including Westhay Moor , Shapwick Heath and Shapwick Moor . Much of the area has been at the centre of peat extraction on the Somerset Levels . The Brue Valley Living Landscape project commenced in January 2009 to restore and reconnect habitat that will support wildlife. The aim

1065-409: Is crossed by the River Brue and Galton's Canal . Over much of the moor, the water table is high throughout the year with extensive winter flooding occurring regularly. The level of the water tables can be artificially lowered during active working of the peat excavations, but for much of the year these are often filled with water. Westhay Moor originally lay at the centre of the most northerly of

1136-450: Is managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust . In addition to open water and reedbeds, it contains a fragment of acid mire, the largest to have survived in the south west of England. The reserve provides habitat for many varieties of birds, which includes millions of starlings between November and January, along with bittern and migrating ospreys . Otters and banded demoiselles are among other species which have made their home on

1207-622: Is one of an increasing number of landscape scale conservation projects in the UK. The project covers an area of approximately 12,500 hectares (31,000 acres) encompassing the floodplain of the River Brue from a little east of Glastonbury to beyond the Catcott, Edington and Chilton Moors SSSI in the west. Almost a quarter of the project area is designated as Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar site . The project area accounts for almost half of

1278-408: Is particularly noted for the millions of starlings which roost at the site in winter. Although underlain by much older Triassic age formations that protrude to form what would once have been islands—such as Athelney , Brent Knoll , Burrow Mump and Glastonbury Tor , which is composed of Blue Lias , the lowland landscape was formed only during the last 10,000 years, following the end of

1349-525: Is suggested that it was here that Sir Bedivere threw Excalibur into the waters after King Arthur fell at the Battle of Camlann . John Leland noted in the 16th century that the bridge had four arches, while W. Phelps in an 1839 illustration as having only two arches, one pointed, probably from the 14th or 15th century, and the other round. Excavations in 1912 found the remains of a second round arch regarded as 12th century work. The current concrete arch bridge

1420-479: Is the largest factor affecting water quality followed by the water industry. Transport, industry and manufacturing also have an effect. The Brue Valley Living Landscape is a UK conservation project managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust . The project commenced in January 2009 and aims to restore habitat . It aims to help wildlife sustain itself in the face of climate change while guaranteeing farmers and other landowners can continue to use their land profitably. It

1491-404: Is to be able to sustain itself in the face of climate change while guaranteeing farmers and other landowners can continue to use their land profitably. It is one of an increasing number of landscape scale conservation projects in the UK. The River Brue originates in hills to the southwest of the catchment area, close to the border with Dorset . The same hills are the locale of the sources of

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1562-622: The Pilrow cut flowing north through Mark to join the Axe near Edingworth , and the other directly west to the sea at Highbridge. During monastic times, there were several fish weirs along the lower reaches of the river. They used either nets or baskets, the fishing rights belonging to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and the Abbot of Glastonbury. Between 1774 and 1797 a series of enclosures took place in

1633-556: The River Axe just north of Bleadney. This route made it difficult for the officials of Glastonbury Abbey to transport produce from their outlying estates to the Abbey, and when the valley of the river Axe was in flood it backed up to flood Glastonbury itself. Sometime between 1230 and 1250 a new channel was constructed westwards into Meare Pool north of Meare , and further westwards to Mark Moor . It then divided into two channels, one

1704-577: The River Huntspill ) and many drainage rhynes). It is connect to the River Axe through several of these channels which are controlled by sluices . It is tidal below the sluices at New Clyce Bridge in Highbridge . Bow Bridge is a 15th-century Packhorse bridge over the River Brue in Plox, Bruton. It is a Grade I listed building , and scheduled monument . The bridge may have been built as

1775-644: The River Wylye and the Dorset Stour which flow south to the English Channel . It descends quickly in a narrow valley to a point just beyond Bruton where it is joined by the River Pitt . Here it takes a meandering route through a broad, flat-bottomed valley between Castle Cary and Alhampton . By the time it reaches Baltonsborough it is only some 10 metres (33 ft) above sea level and

1846-535: The Somerset Levels was displayed at the Peat Moors Centre until its closure in 2009. The centre also included reconstructions of some of the archaeological discoveries, including a number of Iron Age round houses from Glastonbury Lake Village , and the Sweet Track. The eastern part of the moor was covered by Meare Pool which was formed by water ponding-up behind the raised peat bogs between

1917-659: The Somerset Levels and Moors Special Protection Area . The area includes land already managed for conservation by organisations including Somerset Wildlife Trust , Natural England , the Hawk and Owl Trust and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds . These include Shapwick Heath national nature reserve , Westhay Moor , Catcott Lows National Nature Reserve, Ham Wall and Shapwick Moor . There are 25 scheduled monuments and 746 Historic Environment Records in

1988-735: The Viridor Credits scheme. One of the project's goals is to protect, restore and create areas of reedbed , grazing marsh , fen , raised bog , lowland meadow , purple moor grass and rush pastures and wet woodland . Species of conservation concern ( UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species) that are likely to benefit from this project include plants such as: divided sedge ( Carex divisa ), English sticky eyebright ( Euphrasia anglica ), greater water parsnip ( Sium latifolium ), lesser butterfly orchid ( Platanthera bifolia ), marsh stitchwort ( Stellaria palustris ) and tubular water dropwort ( Oenanthe fistulosa ). The flora provides

2059-399: The brown hare ( Lepus europaeus ), Eurasian harvest mouse ( Micromys minutus ), European otter ( Lutra lutra ) and water vole ( Arvicola terrestris ). Anglers will find pike in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg), with good stocks of chub , dace , roach , bream , tench , perch , rudd , and gudgeon . There are trout in the upper reaches. There are several access points along

2130-541: The d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation . North Brewham Meadows is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest because of the traditionally-managed species-rich meadows which support a neutral grassland community of the nationally rare common knapweed crested dog's-tail type. Breeding butterflies typical of unimproved neutral grassland include small copper ( Lycaena phaeas ), meadow brown ( Maniola jurtina ), grayling ( Hipparchia semele ) and ringlet ( Aphantopus hyperantus ). Within

2201-545: The peat bog including the Honeygore, Abbotts Way, Bells, Bakers, Westhay and Nidons trackways. The Levels contain the best-preserved prehistoric village in the UK, Glastonbury Lake Village , as well as two others at Meare Lake Village . Discovered in 1892 by Arthur Bulleid , it was inhabited by about 200 people living in 14  roundhouses , and was built on a morass on an artificial foundation of timber filled with brushwood, bracken , rubble and clay. The valley

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2272-660: The winter flooding of 2013–14 on the Somerset Levels the River Brue overflowed at new year, during the rain and storms from Storm Dirk , with many residents asking for the Environment Agency to resume river dredging. On 24 January 2014, in light of the continued flooded extent of the Somerset Moors and forecast new rainfall as part of the winter storms of 2013–14 in the United Kingdom , both Somerset County Council and Sedgemoor District Council declared

2343-466: The "new Cutts" (or Decoy Rhyne) being built about 1660. The rivers Sheppey and Hartlake were canalised into the River James Wear and Division Rhyne sometime in the late 1730s. In 1795, John Billingsley advocated enclosure and the digging of rhynes (a local name for drainage channels, pronounced "reens" in the east and rhyne to the west) between plots, and wrote in his Agriculture of

2414-404: The 1960s as a major market in horticultural peat was developed. However, the resultant reduction in water levels that resulted put local ecosystems at risk; peat wastage in pasture fields was occurring at rates of 0.3–0.9 metres (1–3 ft) over 100 years. In 1970 the Somerset Wildlife Trust bought the first part of the last 12 hectares (30 acres) of acid raised bog vegetation left on

2485-642: The Brue Valley, engagement with local government, farmers, the conservation sector and other interest community members, to produce a shared local vision. It is hoped to create larger and better connected patches of important habitats, in a way which also benefits the local economy and rural society. The project has received funding from the European Regional Development Fund (via the WAVE project), Natural England's Wetland Vision and

2556-684: The Brue valley between the Poldens and Wedmore. In 1794 the annual floods filled the whole of the Brue valley. Work by the Commissioners of Sewers led to the Somerset Drainage Act 1801 ( 41 Geo. 3. (U.K.) c. lxxii) which enabled sections at Highbridge and Cripp's Bridge to be straightened, and new feeder channels such as the North and South Drains to be constructed. In 1803 the clyse at Highbridge, which had been built before 1485,

2627-682: The County of Somerset that 18 square kilometres (4,400 acres) had been enclosed in the last 20 years in Wedmore and Meare , 1.4 square kilometres (350 acres) at Nyland, 3.64 square kilometres (900 acres) at Blackford, 8 square kilometres (2,000 acres) at Mark , 0.4 square kilometres (100 acres) in Shapwick , and 7 square kilometres (1,700 acres) at Westhay . In the 1810s Samuel Galton Jr. showed that bogs could be drained and dressed with clay and other soil, and built Galton's Canal. The character of

2698-588: The Monasteries when it was granted to Sir Maurice Berkeley. In 1251 Robert de Musgrove was granted a licence by the king to enlarge Brewham Park, which had previously been held by William de Montacute. Brewham was part of the hundred of Bruton . The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with

2769-653: The Moors is known to have taken place during Roman times, and has been carried out since the Levels were first drained. Peat extraction on the Somerset Moors continues today, although much reduced. The area is known to have been occupied since the Neolithic when people exploited the reedswamps for their natural resources and started to construct wooden trackways such as the Sweet and Post Tracks . The Sweet Track, named after

2840-564: The River Brue, following the approximate flat path way of the former S&DJR extension route, takes the traveller into Burnham-on-Sea . [REDACTED] Media related to River Brue at Wikimedia Commons Brewham Brewham is a civil parish in Somerset , England, consisting of the villages of North Brewham and South Brewham , on either side of the river in the Brue Valley 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Bruton and 9 miles (14.5 km) south-west of Frome . The parish has

2911-543: The Somerset Moors undamaged by peat digging or agriculture. Since then SWT have bought or been given 100-hectare (250-acre) of former peatworkings. These were sculpted and restored to wetland as the experimental area for the Avalon Marshes. This was the term given in the late 1980s to describe the wetland restored from peat workings in the Brue Valley. The wetland on the clay is dominated by Phragmites reed, catstail and open water. The wetland restoration has been

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2982-604: The South Drain to Ashcott Corner. The Glastonbury Canal ran for just over 14 miles (23 km) through two locks from Glastonbury to Highbridge , where it entered the River Parrett and from there the Bristol Channel . The canal was authorised by Parliament in 1827 and opened in 1834. It was operated by The Glastonbury Navigation & Canal Company. Most of it was abandoned as a navigation in 1854, when

3053-589: The Wedmore and the Polden Hills , and coring has shown that it is filled with at least 2 metres (6.6 ft) of detritus mud, mainly dating from the Subatlantic climatic period (1st millennium BC). In prehistoric times there were two Meare Lake Villages situated within the lake, occupied at different times between 300 BCE and 100 CE, similar to the nearby Glastonbury Lake Village. Early drainage work

3124-913: The current building was built in 1810. Following summer floods of 1997 and the prolonged flooding of 1999–2000 the Parrett Catchment Project was formed, partly funded by the European Union Regional Development Fund , by 30 organisations, including British Waterways , Campaign to Protect Rural England , Countryside Agency , Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs , Environment Agency, Kings Sedgemoor and Cary Vale Internal Drainage Board (now part of Parrett Internal Drainage Board), Levels and Moors Partnership, National Farmers Union , Sedgemoor, Somerset County Council , South Somerset District Council , Taunton Deane and Wessex Water. They aim to tackle twelve areas, which, when combined, will make

3195-642: The ditch tapers. The hoops are covered in netting. The combination of ditch and net-covered hoops is known as a pipe. Large areas of peat were laid down on the Somerset Levels , particularly in the River Brue Valley, during the Quaternary period after the ice sheets melted. Peat extraction on the Somerset Levels has occurred since the area was first drained by the Romans . The raised bogs were extensively dug for peat for use as fuel up until

3266-421: The end of World War II after which the primary market was for horticulture. Large parts of Westhay Moor have now been dug back to the underlying clay exposing estuarine deposits dating from about 6000 BP before isolation from the sea and peat formation began. The introduction of plastic packaging in the 1950s allowed the peat to be packed without rotting, which led to the industrialisation of peat extraction during

3337-463: The last ice age . As the sea level changed following the Pliocene era, vegetation was laid down which was later converted into peat. The peak of the peat formation took place in swamp conditions around 6,000 years ago, although in some areas it continued into medieval times. Westhay Moor forms part of the Somerset Levels and Moors which is important for its grazing and ditch system, and

3408-505: The last 10,000 years. The Neolithic people lived on the areas of slightly higher ground but exploited the reed beds for materials and built wooden trackways to cross the raised bog . Peat extraction on the Somerset Levels has occurred since the area was first drained by the Romans . Measures to improve the drainage were carried out in the Middle Ages largely by Glastonbury Abbey . In the 17th and 18th centuries further drainage work

3479-1378: The lesser silver water beetle ( Hydrochara caraboides ) and one-grooved diving beetle ( Bidessus unistriatus ). There are also shining ram's-horn snails ( Segmentina nitida ) and shrill carder bees ( Bombus sylvarum ). The River Brue and its tributaries support a population of European eels ( Anguilla anguilla ). Reptiles found include the European adder ( Vipera berus ) and grass snake ( Natrix natrix ). Multiple bird species include Bewick's swan ( Cygnus columbianus bewickii ), Eurasian bittern ( Botaurus stellaris ), Eurasian bullfinch ( Pyrrhula pyrrhula ), * Eurasian wigeon ( Anas penelope ), European starling ( Sturnus vulgaris ), gadwall ( Anas strepera ), grasshopper warbler ( Locustella naevia ), hen harrier ( Circus cyaneus ), house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ), linnet ( Carduelis cannabina ), marsh harrier ( Circus aeruginosus ), marsh tit ( Poecile palustris ), merlin ( Falco columbarius ), northern lapwing ( Vanellus vanellus ), peregrine ( Falco peregrinus ), reed bunting ( Emberiza schoeniclus ), short-eared owl ( Asio flammeus ), skylark ( Alauda arvensis ), song thrush ( Turdus philomelos ), teal ( Anas cracca ), willow tit ( Poecile montanus ) and yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ). Mammalian species of interest include

3550-493: The local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also

3621-515: The normal level is between 0.08 metres (3.1 in) and 0.56 metres (1 ft 10 in). The furthest downstream monitoring station at Clyse Hole near Street records a normal range of 0.15 metres (5.9 in) and 0.49 metres (1 ft 7 in). For the purposes of monitoring of water quality the Brue and Axe are considered together. In 2013 19 water bodies within the area were considered to have moderate water quality with two being poor and four good quality. Agriculture and rural land management

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3692-615: The parish and close to the border with Wiltshire is the 49 metres (161 ft) high King Alfred's Tower , a grade I listed building , designed in 1765 by Henry Flitcroft . The Church of Saint John the Baptist in South Brewham has 13th-century origins, however the current building is largely from the late 19th century. [REDACTED] Media related to Brewham at Wikimedia Commons Westhay Moor Westhay Moor (sometimes, historically, referred to as West Hay Moor )

3763-417: The peat digger who discovered it in 1970 and dating from the 3800s BC, is the world's oldest timber trackway , once thought to be the world's oldest engineered roadway. The track was built between what was in the early 4th millennium BC an island at Westhay and a ridge of high ground at Shapwick , close to the River Brue. The remains of similar tracks have been uncovered nearby, connecting settlements on

3834-557: The project area including internationally important sites such at the Glastonbury Lake Village and Sweet Track . Research on the Somerset Levels and Moors has been crucial to the understanding of the natural and human history of wetlands. The project is based solely on the peat-based soils of the Somerset Moors. It does not extend on to the marine clay soils of the more westerly Levels. The project has set out their major objectives. These include mapping and research on

3905-604: The responsibility of the council. For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the village comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council . Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of South Somerset , which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , having previously been part of Wincanton Rural District . The village is part of 'Tower' electoral ward . This ward stretches to Shepton Montague and Cucklington avoiding Wincanton . The total population of

3976-429: The river suitable for canoeing , and the river has been paddled as far up as Bruton, but above West Lydford only after recent rain. There are public footpaths alongside many stretches of the river. There are also areas of the river that serve as desirable spots for wild swimming . Highbridge and Burnham railway station provides access. There is further 2 miles (3.2 km) walk or cycle westwards mainly alongside

4047-445: The river. At Bruton Dam, the nearest measuring station to the source of the river, the normal level of the river is between 0.6 metres (2 ft 0 in) and 2.08 metres (6 ft 10 in) with the highest level ever recorded being 10.7 metres (35 ft) in 2007. Within the town of Bruton at Bruton Surgery the normal level is between 0.17 metres (6.7 in) and 0.69 metres (2 ft 3 in). Further downstream at Lovington

4118-491: The soil was also changed by the spreading of clay and silt from the digging of King's Sedgemoor Drain. Galton's Canal was a 2.2-kilometre (1.4 mi) canal with one lock , connecting the River Brue to the North Drain . It was operational by 1822, and ceased to be used after the 1850s. The land is drained by a series of rhynes , or ditches with water levels (and hence the level of the water table ) being controlled by

4189-513: The surrounding countryside is drained into it by way of numerous rhynes . It passes Glastonbury , where it acts as a natural boundary with nearby village of Street , before flowing in a largely artificial channel across the Somerset Levels and into the River Parrett at Burnham-on-Sea . It is joined by the North Drain , White's River (which takes the water of the River Sheppey , Cripps River (an artificial channel that connects it to

4260-461: The town, and as a result in 1984 a protective dam was built 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) upstream from the town. The mouth of the River Brue had an extensive harbour in Roman and Saxon times, before silting up in the medieval period. It was used again as a small harbour in the 17th and 18th centuries, and in 1833 the port of Highbridge was formally opened on the river. A new wharf, known as Clyce Wharf,

4331-483: The town. The valley includes several Sites of Special Scientific Interest including Westhay Moor , Shapwick Heath and Shapwick Moor . Much of the area has been at the centre of peat extraction on the Somerset Levels . Large areas of peat were laid down on the Somerset Levels, particularly in the River Brue Valley, during the Quaternary period after the ice sheets melted. The extraction of peat from

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4402-508: The two lowland raised bogs that formed in the lower Brue Valley . They reached their greatest extent at the end of the Iron Age . The Neolithic people exploited the reedswamps for their natural resources and started to construct wooden trackways such as the Sweet and Post Tracks . The Sweet Track, named after the peat digger who discovered it in 1970 and dating from the 3800s BCE, is the world's oldest timber trackway , once thought to be

4473-773: The ward at the 2011 census was 2,442. It is also part of Glastonbury and Somerton county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using

4544-518: The waters of the rivers Brue and Sheppey , and discharged in a northerly direction into the Lower River Axe . In the later years of the 12th century the abbey diverted the Brue to flow westwards, perhaps largely through natural channels, from Meare Pool to join the river Parrett. In the early 17th century plans were made to drain and enclose much of Sedgemoor . Further reclamation was carried out in stages between about 1620 and 1740, with

4615-435: The world's oldest engineered roadway. The track was built between what was in the early 4th millennium BCE an island at Westhay and a ridge of high ground at Shapwick , close to the River Brue . The remains of similar tracks have been uncovered nearby, connecting settlements on the peat bog including the Honeygore, Abbotts Way, Bells, Bakers, Westhay and Nidons trackways. The archaeology , history and geology of

4686-518: Was built in 1911 and extended in 1972. It carries the A39 road over the Brue. Before the 13th century the direct route to the sea at Highbridge was blocked by gravel banks and peat near Westhay. The course of the river partially encircled Glastonbury from the south, around the western side (through Beckery ), and then north through the Panborough - Bleadney gap in the Wedmore - Wookey Hills, to join

4757-463: Was built on the Huntspill side of the river mouth by 1904, and was used for the import of coal and the export of bricks and tiles and agricultural products. The port closed in 1949. Both Galton's Canal and Brown's Canal , which were built in the early 19th century, were connected to the river. The Glastonbury Canal used the course of the River Brue from Highbridge to Cripp's Bridge, and part of

4828-499: Was carried out in the later years of the 12th century, with the responsibility for maintaining all the watercourses between Glastonbury and the sea being placed on named individuals among whom were Ralph de Sancta Barbara of Brentmarsh. Drainage of the surrounding area by monks of Glastonbury Abbey had reduced the size of the lake to 500 acres (200 ha) at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries . Meare Pool had disappeared from maps by 1749. The Meare Pool originally collected

4899-425: Was replaced and moved further downstream. The area around Bruton has suffered over the centuries. The earliest recorded damage was in 1768 when a stone bridge was destroyed after the river rose very rapidly. On 28 June 1917, 242.8 millimetres (9.56 in) of rain fell in 24 hours at Bruton, leaving a water mark on one pub 20 feet (6.1 m) above the normal level of the river. In 1982 extensive flooding occurred in

4970-441: Was undertaken including digging a series of rhynes , or ditches and larger drainage canals. Peat extraction peaked in the 1960s but has since declined. The geology of the moor and prolonged peat extraction has provided a unique environment which provides a habitat for a range of flora and fauna. Much of the nature reserve managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust is based around abandoned peatworkings which have now become flooded. It

5041-501: Was used during Romano-British period when it was the site of salt extraction. At that time, the Brue formed a lake just south of the hilly ground on which Glastonbury stands. According to legend this lake is one of the locations suggested by Arthurian legend as the home of the Lady of the Lake . Pomparles Bridge stood at the western end of this lake, guarding Glastonbury from the south, and it

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