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45-902: The Rijksmuseum ( Dutch: [ˈrɛiksmyˌzeːjʏm] ) is the national museum of the Netherlands dedicated to Dutch arts and history and is located in Amsterdam . The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough of Amsterdam South , close to the Van Gogh Museum , the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam , and the Concertgebouw . The Rijksmuseum was founded in The Hague on 19 November 1798 and moved to Amsterdam in 1808, where it

90-452: A Creative Commons 1.0 Universal license, essentially copyright-free and royalty-free. in 2019, to mark the 350th anniversary of the artist's death, the museum mounted an exhibition of all the works by Rembrandt in its collection. Consisting of 22 paintings, 60 drawings and over 300 prints, this was the first time they had all been exhibited together. Principal features were the marriage portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit along with

135-749: A cousin of Stadtholder Frederick Henry , bought a plot bordering the Binnenhof and the adjacent Hofvijver pond in The Hague , at that time the political centre of the Dutch Republic . Between 1636 and 1641, the Mauritshuis was built on this piece of land, during John Maurice's governorship of Dutch Brazil . It was built in the Dutch Classicist style by the Dutch architects Jacob van Campen and Pieter Post . The two-storey building

180-534: A large, new building will take the place of the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam? That's fine with me; the Trippenhuis is too small, and many paintings hang in such a way that one can't see them properly."  – Vincent van Gogh in a letter to his brother Theo in 1873. Vincent himself would later become a painter and some of his works would be hanging in the museum. In 1863, there was a design contest for

225-620: A marble bust portrait of himself for the garden of the Mauritshuis, the Prince's residence in the Hague. The statue was sculpted by the Flemish sculptor Bartholomeus Eggers . Prince Maurice had the bust moved to the burial chamber (Fürstengruft) in Siegen which he had built for himself in 1670. In 1986 a copy of the statue made in plastic was placed inside the Mauritshuis. The bust was removed from

270-772: A museum run by the central government , while other museums are run by regional or local governments. In the United States, most national museums are privately funded and operated, but have been designated by Congress as national institutions that are important to the country. In other countries a much greater number of museums are run by the central government. The following is an incomplete list of national museums: The Albanian government operates several national museums, including: The Argentinian Ministry of Culture operates several national museums, including: The Australian Government operates several national museums through its various departments, including: In addition,

315-464: A new building for the Rijksmuseum, but none of the submissions was considered to be of sufficient quality. Pierre Cuypers also participated in the contest and his submission reached the second place. In 1876, a new contest was held and this time Pierre Cuypers won. The design was a combination of gothic and renaissance elements. The construction began on 1 October 1876. On both the inside and

360-476: A new building was added a short distance to the south-west of the Rijksmuseum. As the building was made out of fragments of demolished buildings, the building offers an overview of the history of Dutch architecture and has come to be known informally as the 'fragment building'. It is also known as the 'south wing' and is currently (in 2013) branded the Philips Wing . In 1906, the hall for The Night Watch

405-638: A number of states in Australia also operate "national museums". These include: The Federal Public Service for Science Policy Programming in Belgium operates several museum associations: The government of Brunei operates several museums including: The following are national museums of Canada , established by the federal government of Canada and operated through an autonomous Crown corporation : Former national museums that were later shut down includes: In addition to institutions established or operated by

450-455: A staff of around 91 people. Emilie Elise Saskia Gordenker was museum director from 2008 until 2020. Martine Gosselink assumed the directorship in February 2020. Victor Moussault served as deputy director from 2007 until 2016, succeeded by Sander Uitdenbogaard in 2017. In the period 2005 to 2011, the Mauritshuis saw between 205,000 and 262,000 visitors per year. In 2011, the museum

495-450: Is a rijksmonument (national heritage site) since 1970 and was listed in the Top 100 Dutch heritage sites in 1990. The Asian pavilion was designed by Cruz y Ortiz and opened in 2013. According to Muriel Huisman, Project Architect for the Rijksmuseum's renovation, "Cruz y Ortiz always like to look for synergy between old and new, and we try not to explain things with our architecture". With

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540-496: Is a restaurant with 140 seats in the Philips Wing. Joris Bijdendijk has been the chef de cuisine since the opening in 2014. The restaurant was awarded a Michelin star in 2017. 52°21′36″N 4°53′7″E  /  52.36000°N 4.88528°E  / 52.36000; 4.88528 National museum A national museum can be a museum maintained and funded by a national government . In many countries it denotes

585-461: Is also the largest art museum in the country. The museum has on display 8,000 objects of art and history , from their total collection of 1 million objects from the years 1200–2000, among which are some masterpieces by Rembrandt , Frans Hals , and Johannes Vermeer . The museum also has a small Asian collection, which is on display in the Asian pavilion. The collection of the Rijksmuseum

630-454: Is strictly symmetrical; originally the interior contained four apartments and a great hall. Each apartment was designed with an antechamber, a chamber, a cabinet, and a cloakroom. The building had a cupola , which was destroyed in a fire in 1704. After the death of Prince John Maurice in 1679, the house was owned by the Maes family, who leased the house to the Dutch government. In 1704, most of

675-519: The Dutch Golden Age by notable painters such as Jacob van Ruisdael , Frans Hals , Johannes Vermeer , Jan Steen , Rembrandt , and Rembrandt's pupils. The museum also has a small Asian collection which is on display in the Asian pavilion. Some of the more unusual items in the collection include the royal crest from the stern of HMS  Royal Charles which was captured in the Raid on

720-730: The 17th to the 19th century in Suriname , Brazil and the Caribbean, as well as Dutch colonial slavery in South Africa and Asia, where the Dutch West India Company (WIC) and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) were engaged in slavery. Besides objects, such as a wooden block for locking slaves, paintings, archival documents, oral sources, poems and music, the exhibition also presented connections of

765-468: The Dutch state for the purpose of housing the Royal Cabinet of Paintings. In 1822, the Mauritshuis was opened to the public and housed the Royal Cabinet of Paintings and the Royal Cabinet of Rarities. In 1875, the entire museum became available for paintings. In 1995, the Mauritshuis was established as a non-profit foundation. The foundation set up at that time took charge of both the building and

810-512: The Government of Canada, several provinces and territories have established their own provincial and territorial museums . National-level museums in India come directly under the administrative control of Ministry of Culture , Government of India . Museums listed below are operated by Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology and other ministries. The National Museum of

855-403: The Mauritshuis in 2017 amidst controversy over Holland's colonial history and Prince John Maurice's role in the slave trade. The Mauritshuis museum has denied that the removal had anything to do with the controversy and has stated that the decision was taken on the grounds that the object was solely a copy made of plastic and the museum was unable to offer the necessary historical context for it in

900-647: The Medway , the Hartog plate and the FK35 Bantam biplane. In 2012, the museum made some 125,000 high-resolution images available for download via its Rijksstudio webplatform, with plans to add another 40,000 images per year until the entire collection of one million works is available, according to Taco Dibbits , director of collections. As of January 2021, the Rijksstudio hosts 700,000 works, available under

945-759: The Philippines (NMP), a government organization, operates several national museums, including: The National Museum Complex in Manila which consists of the central museums of the NMP namely the: The NMP also operates the following satellite museums: Sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport Sponsored by Ministry of Defence Sponsored by the Home Office Mauritshuis In 1631, John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen ,

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990-519: The Rijks, "there’s no cut between old and new; we’ve tried to merge it. We did this by looking for materials that were true to the original building, resulting in a kind of silent architecture." The collection of the Rijksmuseum consists of 1 million objects and is dedicated to arts , crafts , and history from the years 1200 to 2000. Around 8,000 objects are currently on display in the museum. The collection contains more than 2,000 paintings from

1035-435: The Rijksmuseum are based on a design by Spanish architects Antonio Cruz and Antonio Ortiz . Many of the old interior decorations were restored and the floors in the courtyards were removed. The renovation would have initially taken five years, but was delayed and eventually took almost ten years to complete. The renovation cost € 375 million. The reconstruction of the building was completed on 16 July 2012. In March 2013,

1080-431: The Rijksmuseum began to exhibit the biggest collection of Vermeers ever, with 28 of the known 37 works on display. Curator Pieter Roelofs called it a "once in a lifetime" event. All time slot reservations were quickly sold out. The 20th-century visitor record of 1,412,000 was reached in the year 1975. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Rijksmuseum was annually visited by 0.9 to 1.3 million people. On 7 December 2003,

1125-479: The Rijksmuseum was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. It consists of two squares with an atrium in each centre. In the central axis is a tunnel with the entrances at ground level and the Gallery of Honour at the first floor. The building also contains a library. The fragment building, branded Philips wing, contains building fragments that show the history of architecture in the Netherlands. The Rijksmuseum

1170-410: The collection in the Mauritshuis. The Mauritshuis was a state museum until 1995, when it became an independent foundation. It still continues to receive funding from the Dutch central government. For its estimated budget for 2024, the government provided just under a third (5m Euros) of its total budget of 16m Euros. The Prince William V Gallery is also managed by the organisation. The museum has

1215-553: The collection, which it was given on long-term loan. This building, which is the property of the state, continues to be rented by the museum. In 2007, the museum announced its desire to expand. Within three years the definitive design was presented. The museum would occupy a part of the nearby Sociëteit de Witte building. The two buildings would be connected via a tunnel, running underneath the Korte Vijverberg. The renovation started in 2012 and finished in 2014. The design

1260-731: The collection. In 1809, the museum opened in the Royal Palace in Amsterdam . In 1817, the museum moved to the Trippenhuis . The Trippenhuis turned out to be unsuitable as a museum. In 1820, the historical objects were moved to the Mauritshuis in The Hague and in 1838, the 19th-century paintings " of living masters " were moved to King Louis Bonaparte's former summer palace Paviljoen Welgelegen in Haarlem . "Did you know that

1305-671: The collections of the Dutch stadtholders . In 1805, the National Art Gallery moved within The Hague to the Prince William V Gallery , on the Buitenhof . In 1806, the Kingdom of Holland was established by Napoleon Bonaparte. On the orders of king Louis Bonaparte , brother of Napoleon, the museum moved to Amsterdam in 1808. Paintings owned by that city, such as The Night Watch by Rembrandt , became part of

1350-517: The foyer of the Mauritshuis where it was exhibited. The museum has since created a webpage dedicated to explaining the role of the Prince in the creation of the museum's building and collection and the museum's current view of the Prince. The statements on the page highlight the key role the Prince played in the slave trade in Brazil and how his immense wealth was likely sourced (in certain cases even in breach of then existing rules) from his involvement in

1395-452: The interior of the Mauritshuis was destroyed by fire. The building was restored between 1708 and 1718. In 1774, an art gallery open to the public was formed in what is now the Prince William V Gallery . That collection was seized by the French in 1795 and only partially recovered in 1808. The small gallery space soon proved to be too small, however, and in 1820, the Mauritshuis was bought by

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1440-522: The main building of the museum was closed for a renovation until 13 April 2013. In the preceding decade, the number of visitors had slightly decreased to 0.8 to 1.1 million people. The museum says after the renovation, the museum's capacity is 1.5 to 2.0 million visitors annually. Within eight months since the reopening in 2013, the museum was visited by 2 million people. The museum had 2.2 million visitors in 2013 and reached an all-time record of 2.47 million visitors in 2014. The museum

1485-519: The museum's main pieces of art were moved back from the 'fragment building' (Philips Wing) to the main building. The Night Watch returned to the Night Watch Room, at the end of the Hall of Fame. On 13 April 2013, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix. On 1 November 2014, the Philips Wing reopened with the exhibition Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century . The building of

1530-413: The outside, the building was richly decorated with references to Dutch art history. Another contest was held for these decorations. The winners were B. van Hove and Frantz Vermeylen  [ fr ] for the sculptures , Georg Sturm  [ nl ] for the tile panels and painting and W.F. Dixon for the stained glass . The museum was opened at its new location on 13 July 1885. In 1890,

1575-534: The presentation of the Night Watch immediately before its planned restoration. The exhibition ran from February to June. After previous temporary exhibitions on art historical themes, the Rijksmuseum in 2021 presented an exhibition on the history of slavery in the Dutch colonial empire , focusing on the more than 1.6 million people who were enslaved by Dutch slave traders. It covered trans-Atlantic slavery from

1620-681: The slave trade. The collection of paintings of stadholder William V, Prince of Orange was presented to the Dutch state by his son, King William I . This collection formed the basis of the Royal Cabinet of Paintings of around 200 paintings. The collection is currently called the Royal Picture Gallery. The current collection consists of almost 800 paintings and focusses on Dutch and Flemish artists, such as Pieter Brueghel , Paulus Potter , Peter Paul Rubens , Rembrandt van Rijn , Jacob van Ruisdael , Johannes Vermeer , and Rogier van der Weyden . There are also works of Hans Holbein in

1665-515: The slavery system at home in the Netherlands. In the permanent collection, labels were added to 77 paintings and objects that had been seen as symbols of the country's wealth and power to indicate previously hidden links to slavery. The exhibition was presented both physically in the museum from May to August 2021 and in an online version. It was complemented by audio tours and videos relating personal and real-life stories as well as an accompanying book titled Slavery . From 10 February until June 2023

1710-510: Was built over a period of 200 years and did not originate from a royal collection incorporated into a national museum. Its origins were modest, with its collection fitting into five rooms at in Huis ten Bosch palace in The Hague. Although the seventeenth century was beginning to be recognized as the key period in Dutch art, the museum did not then hold paintings by Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Jan Steen, Johannes Vermeer, or Jacob van Ruisdael. The collection

1755-479: Was built up by purchase and donation. Napoleon had carried off the stadholder's collection to Paris; the paintings were returned to The Netherlands in 1815 but housed in the Mauritshuis in The Hague rather than the Rijksmuseum. With the founding of the Rijksmuseum in 1885, holdings from other entities were brought together to establish the Rijksmuseum's major collections. In 1795, the Batavian Republic

1800-615: Was by Hans van Heeswijk. During the renovation, about 100 of the museum's paintings were displayed in The Hague's Kunstmuseum in the Highlights Mauritshuis exhibition. About 50 other paintings, including the Girl With the Pearl Earring , went on loan to exhibitions in the United States and Japan. The expanded museum was reopened on 27 June 2014 by King Willem-Alexander . In 1664 Prince John Maurice ordered

1845-463: Was completed in 1996, the same year that the museum held its first major photography exhibition featuring its extensive collection of 19th-century photos. In December 2003, the main building of the museum closed for a major renovation. During this renovation, about 400 objects from the collection were on display in the 'fragment building', including Rembrandt 's The Night Watch and other 17th-century masterpieces. The restoration and renovation of

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1890-430: Was first located in the Royal Palace and later in the Trippenhuis . The current main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and first opened in 1885. On 13 April 2013, after a ten-year renovation which cost € 375 million, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix . In 2013 and 2014, it was the most visited museum in the Netherlands with record numbers of 2.2 million and 2.47 million visitors. It

1935-454: Was proclaimed; its Minister of Finance Isaac Gogel argued that a national museum, following the French example of The Louvre , would serve the national interest. On 19 November 1798, the government decided to found the museum. On 31 May 1800, the National Art Gallery ( Dutch : Nationale Kunst-Galerij ), precursor of the Rijksmuseum, opened in Huis ten Bosch in The Hague . The museum exhibited around 200 paintings and historic objects from

1980-413: Was rebuilt. In the interior more changes were made between the 1920s and 1950s – most multi-coloured wall decorations were painted over. In the 1960s exposition rooms and several floors were built into the two courtyards. The building had some minor renovations and restorations in 1984, 1995–1996 and 2000. A renovation of the south wing of the museum, also known as the 'fragment building' or 'Philips Wing',

2025-470: Was the most visited museum in the Netherlands and the 19th most visited art museum in the world in 2013 and 2014. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the closure of the museum from 15 December 2020, until 4 June 2021. The Rijksmuseum Research Library is part of the Rijksmuseum, and is the best and the largest public art history research library in The Netherlands. Rijks, stylized as RIJKS®,

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