Misplaced Pages

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65-552: Re:publica is a conference in Europe that deals with Web 2.0 , especially blogs , social media , and information society . It annually takes place in May in Berlin . For three days, talks and workshops about various topics are held, ranging from media and culture over politics and technology to entertainment. All talks and discussions are streamed directly to the internet. The conference

130-610: A user account or profile on the site, which may enable increased participation. By increasing emphasis on these already-extant capabilities, they encourage users to rely more on their browser for user interface , application software ("apps") and file storage facilities. This has been called "network as platform" computing. Major features of Web 2.0 include social networking websites, self-publishing platforms (e.g., WordPress ' easy-to-use blog and website creation tools), "tagging" (which enables users to label websites, videos or photos in some fashion), "like" buttons (which enable

195-472: A PC environment, and are able to run within any modern browser. However, these so-called "operating systems" do not directly control the hardware on the client's computer. Numerous web-based application services appeared during the dot-com bubble of 1997–2001 and then vanished, having failed to gain a critical mass of customers. Many regard syndication of site content as a Web 2.0 feature. Syndication uses standardized protocols to permit end-users to make use of

260-501: A Web-based word processor. As a widely available plug-in independent of W3C standards (the World Wide Web Consortium is the governing body of Web standards and protocols), Adobe Flash was capable of doing many things that were not possible pre- HTML5 . Of Flash's many capabilities, the most commonly used was its ability to integrate streaming multimedia into HTML pages. With the introduction of HTML5 in 2010 and

325-530: A campaign worth about $ 2.9 million. The tourism organisation can earn brand royalty from interactive marketing campaigns on social media with engaging passive communication tactics. For example, "Moms" advisors of the Walt Disney World are responsible for offering suggestions and replying to questions about the family trips at Walt Disney World. Due to its characteristic of expertise in Disney, "Moms"

390-477: A formal change in the nature of the World Wide Web , but merely describes a general change that occurred during this period as interactive websites proliferated and came to overshadow the older, more static websites of the original Web. A Web 2.0 website allows users to interact and collaborate through social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community . This contrasts

455-756: A future that extended beyond the browser/PC combination it was identified with. She focused on how the basic information structure and hyper-linking mechanism introduced by HTTP would be used by a variety of devices and platforms. As such, her "2.0" designation refers to the next version of the Web that does not directly relate to the term's current use. The term Web 2.0 did not resurface until 2002. Companies such as Amazon , Facebook, Twitter , and Google , made it easy to connect and engage in online transactions. Web 2.0 introduced new features, such as multimedia content and interactive web applications, which mainly consisted of two-dimensional screens. Kinsley and Eric focus on

520-399: A given community or not, which can lead to emotional distress and disagreement. The impossibility of excluding group members who do not contribute to the provision of goods (i.e., to the creation of a user-generated website) from sharing the benefits (of using the website) gives rise to the possibility that serious members will prefer to withhold their contribution of effort and "free ride" on

585-591: A newer name for something that differentiates it from something else that is newer, similar, or seen in everyday life; thus, avoiding confusion between the two. The term retronym , a neologism composed of the combining forms retro- (from Latin retro , "before") + -nym (from Greek ónoma , "name"), was coined by Frank Mankiewicz in 1980 and popularized by William Safire in The New York Times Magazine . In 2000, The American Heritage Dictionary (4th edition) became

650-580: A process called "the perpetual beta ". A similar difference can be seen between the Encyclopædia Britannica Online and Misplaced Pages – while the Britannica relies upon experts to write articles and release them periodically in publications, Misplaced Pages relies on trust in (sometimes anonymous) community members to constantly write and edit content. Misplaced Pages editors are not required to have educational credentials, such as degrees, in

715-588: A programmer can easily use them to transmit structured data in their Web application. When this data is received via Ajax, the JavaScript program then uses the Document Object Model to dynamically update the Web page based on the new data, allowing for rapid and interactive user experience. In short, using these techniques, web designers can make their pages function like desktop applications. For example, Google Docs uses this technique to create

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780-458: A public space to interact with one another and the content of the class. Some studies suggest that Web 2.0 can increase the public's understanding of science, which could improve government policy decisions. A 2012 study by researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison notes that Ajax has prompted the development of Web sites that mimic desktop applications, such as word processing ,

845-484: A recent article for Bank Technology News, Shane Kite describes how Citigroup's Global Transaction Services unit monitors social media outlets to address customer issues and improve products. In tourism industries, social media is an effective channel to attract travellers and promote tourism products and services by engaging with customers. The brand of tourist destinations can be built through marketing campaigns on social media and by engaging with customers. For example,

910-483: A significant impact on travelers choices and organisation preferences. Travel 2.0 sparked radical change in receiving information methods for travelers, from business-to-customer marketing into peer-to-peer reviews. User-generated content became a vital tool for helping a number of travelers manage their international travels, especially for first time visitors. The travellers tend to trust and rely on peer-to-peer reviews and virtual communications on social media rather than

975-450: A site's data in another context (such as another Web site, a browser plugin , or a separate desktop application). Protocols permitting syndication include RSS (really simple syndication, also known as Web syndication), RDF (as in RSS 1.1), and Atom , all of which are XML -based formats. Observers have started to refer to these technologies as Web feeds . Retronym A retronym is

1040-415: A transport mechanism, the ether through which interactivity happens. It will [...] appear on your computer screen, [...] on your TV set [...] your car dashboard [...] your cell phone [...] hand-held game machines [...] maybe even your microwave oven." Writing when Palm Inc. introduced its first web-capable personal digital assistant (supporting Web access with WAP ), DiNucci saw the Web "fragmenting" into

1105-510: A user has to wait for a page to complete the reload. This also increases the overall performance of the site, as the sending of requests can complete quicker independent of blocking and queueing required to send data back to the client. The data fetched by an Ajax request is typically formatted in XML or JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format, two widely used structured data formats. Since both of these formats are natively understood by JavaScript,

1170-484: A user to indicate that they are pleased by online content), and social bookmarking . Users can provide the data and exercise some control over what they share on a Web 2.0 site. These sites may have an "architecture of participation" that encourages users to add value to the application as they use it. Users can add value in many ways, such as uploading their own content on blogs, consumer-evaluation platforms (e.g. Amazon and eBay ), news websites (e.g. responding in

1235-513: A way that was not common previously. Some Web 2.0 capabilities were present in the days of Web 1.0, but were implemented differently. For example, a Web 1.0 site may have had a guestbook page for visitor comments, instead of a comment section at the end of each page (typical of Web 2.0). During Web 1.0, server performance and bandwidth had to be considered—lengthy comment threads on multiple pages could potentially slow down an entire site. Terry Flew , in his third edition of New Media, described

1300-485: Is a debate over the use of Web 2.0 technologies in mainstream education. Issues under consideration include the understanding of students' different learning modes; the conflicts between ideas entrenched in informal online communities and educational establishments' views on the production and authentication of 'formal' knowledge; and questions about privacy, plagiarism, shared authorship and the ownership of knowledge and information produced and/or published on line. Web 2.0

1365-413: Is an online travel community which enables user to rate and share autonomously their reviews and feedback on hotels and tourist destinations. Non pre-associate users can interact socially and communicate through discussion forums on TripAdvisor. Social media, especially Travel 2.0 websites, plays a crucial role in decision-making behaviors of travelers. The user-generated content on social media tools have

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1430-555: Is available in one of these formats, another website can use it to integrate a portion of that site's functionality . Web 2.0 can be described in three parts: As such, Web 2.0 draws together the capabilities of client - and server -side software, content syndication and the use of network protocols . Standards-oriented Web browsers may use plug-ins and software extensions to handle the content and user interactions. Web 2.0 sites provide users with information storage , creation, and dissemination capabilities that were not possible in

1495-454: Is organized by the operators of the German blogs Spreeblick and netzpolitik.org and is funded by Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg and Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung . Re:publica originates from res publica , Latin for 'public matter'. The first re:publica, with the slogan "Leben im Netz" (Life in the internet), took place from 11 to 13 April 2007 and attracted about 700 visitors. Over

1560-414: Is substantially different from prior Web technologies has been challenged by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee , who describes the term as jargon . His original vision of the Web was "a collaborative medium, a place where we [could] all meet and read and write". On the other hand, the term Semantic Web (sometimes referred to as Web 3.0) was coined by Berners-Lee to refer to a web of content where

1625-450: Is to make sure consumers can use the online community to network among themselves on topics of their own choosing. Mainstream media usage of Web 2.0 is increasing. Saturating media hubs—like The New York Times , PC Magazine and Business Week  — with links to popular new Web sites and services, is critical to achieving the threshold for mass adoption of those services. User web content can be used to gauge consumer satisfaction. In

1690-655: Is used by companies, non-profit organisations and governments for interactive marketing . A growing number of marketers are using Web 2.0 tools to collaborate with consumers on product development, customer service enhancement, product or service improvement and promotion. Companies can use Web 2.0 tools to improve collaboration with both its business partners and consumers. Among other things, company employees have created wikis—Websites that allow users to add, delete, and edit content — to list answers to frequently asked questions about each product, and consumers have added significant contributions. Another marketing Web 2.0 lure

1755-499: The Document Object Model (DOM) to update selected regions of the page area without undergoing a full page reload. To allow users to continue interacting with the page, communications such as data requests going to the server are separated from data coming back to the page ( asynchronously ). Otherwise, the user would have to routinely wait for the data to come back before they can do anything else on that page, just as

1820-431: The spreadsheet , and slide-show presentation . WYSIWYG wiki and blogging sites replicate many features of PC authoring applications. Several browser-based services have emerged, including EyeOS and YouOS .(No longer active.) Although named operating systems , many of these services are application platforms. They mimic the user experience of desktop operating systems, offering features and applications similar to

1885-474: The "Snow at First Sight" campaign launched by the State of Colorado aimed to bring brand awareness to Colorado as a winter destination. The campaign used social media platforms, for example, Facebook and Twitter, to promote this competition, and requested the participants to share experiences, pictures and videos on social media platforms. As a result, Colorado enhanced their image as a winter destination and created

1950-458: The Read/Write web. Talis believes that Library 2.0 means harnessing this type of participation so that libraries can benefit from increasingly rich collaborative cataloging efforts, such as including contributions from partner libraries as well as adding rich enhancements, such as book jackets or movie files, to records from publishers and others." Here, Miller links Web 2.0 technologies and

2015-408: The Web 2.0 era in enterprise uses. A third important part of Web 2.0 is the social web . The social Web consists of a number of online tools and platforms where people share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts and experiences. Web 2.0 applications tend to interact much more with the end user. As such, the end user is not only a user of the application but also a participant by: The popularity of

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2080-399: The Web as opposed to upon the desktop. The unique aspect of this migration, they argued, is that "customers are building your business for you". They argued that the activities of users generating content (in the form of ideas, text, videos, or pictures) could be "harnessed" to create value. O'Reilly and Battelle contrasted Web 2.0 with what they called "Web 1.0". They associated this term with

2145-563: The browser would, in theory, give Netscape the kind of market power enjoyed by Microsoft in the PC market. Much like the 'horseless carriage' framed the automobile as an extension of the familiar, Netscape promoted a 'webtop' to replace the desktop, and planned to populate that webtop with information updates and applets pushed to the webtop by information providers who would purchase Netscape servers. " In short, Netscape focused on creating software, releasing updates and bug fixes, and distributing it to

2210-426: The business models of Netscape and the Encyclopædia Britannica Online . For example, "Netscape framed 'the web as platform' in terms of the old software paradigm : their flagship product was the web browser, a desktop application, and their strategy was to use their dominance in the browser market to establish a market for high-priced server products. Control over standards for displaying content and applications in

2275-638: The characteristics of Web 2.0 are rich user experience, user participation, dynamic content , metadata , Web standards , and scalability . Further characteristics, such as openness, freedom, and collective intelligence by way of user participation, can also be viewed as essential attributes of Web 2.0. Some websites require users to contribute user-generated content to have access to the website, to discourage "free riding". The key features of Web 2.0 include: The client-side ( Web browser ) technologies used in Web 2.0 development include Ajax and JavaScript frameworks . Ajax programming uses JavaScript and

2340-443: The coinage of retronyms. For example, the term acoustic guitar was coined with the advent of the electric guitar , analog watch was introduced to distinguish from the digital watch , push bike was created to distinguish from the motorized bicycle , and feature phone was coined to distinguish from the smartphone . Likewise, visible light refers to electromagnetic radiation on the narrow visible spectrum , and water ice

2405-481: The comment section), social networking services, media-sharing websites (e.g. YouTube and Instagram ) and collaborative-writing projects. Some scholars argue that cloud computing is an example of Web 2.0 because it is simply an implication of computing on the Internet. Web 2.0 offers almost all users the same freedom to contribute, which can lead to effects that are varyingly perceived as productive by members of

2470-415: The concepts currently associated with the term where, as Scott Dietzen puts it, "the Web becomes a universal, standards-based integration platform". In 2004, the term began to popularize when O'Reilly Media and MediaLive hosted the first Web 2.0 conference. In their opening remarks, John Battelle and Tim O'Reilly outlined their definition of the "Web as Platform", where software applications are built upon

2535-588: The conference. A highlight in 2012 was a talk with the European Commissioner for Digital Agenda Neelie Kroes who demanded to stop ACTA and SOPA . The eighth re:publica, titled "Into the Wild", took place in May 2014. The conference had 350 sessions on 18 stages, 500 volunteers and 6000 people overall, breaking its attendance record. The ninth re:publica took place from 5 May 2015 to 7 May 2015 with over 7,000 people attending and 450 speakers ,

2600-423: The contributions of others. This requires what is sometimes called radical trust by the management of the Web site. Encyclopaedia Britannica calls Misplaced Pages "the epitome of the so-called Web 2.0" and describes what many view as the ideal of a Web 2.0 platform as "an egalitarian environment where the web of social software enmeshes users in both their real and virtual-reality workplaces." According to Best,

2665-485: The culture of participation that they engender to the field of library science, supporting his claim that there is now a "Library 2.0". Many of the other proponents of new 2.0s mentioned here use similar methods. The meaning of Web 2.0 is role dependent. For example, some use Web 2.0 to establish and maintain relationships through social networks, while some marketing managers might use this promising technology to "end-run traditionally unresponsive I.T. department[s]." There

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2730-399: The differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 as a "move from personal websites to blogs and blog site aggregation, from publishing to participation, from web content as the outcome of large up-front investment to an ongoing and interactive process, and from content management systems to links based on "tagging" website content using keywords ( folksonomy )." Flew believed these factors formed

2795-452: The end users. O'Reilly contrasted this with Google , a company that did not, at the time, focus on producing end-user software, but instead on providing a service based on data, such as the links that Web page authors make between sites. Google exploits this user-generated content to offer Web searches based on reputation through its " PageRank " algorithm. Unlike software, which undergoes scheduled releases, such services are constantly updated,

2860-419: The environment known as "Web 1.0". Web 2.0 sites include the following features and techniques, referred to as the acronym SLATES by Andrew McAfee: While SLATES forms the basic framework of Enterprise 2.0, it does not contradict all of the higher level Web 2.0 design patterns and business models. It includes discussions of self-service IT, the long tail of enterprise IT demand, and many other consequences of

2925-496: The first generation of Web 1.0 -era websites where people were limited passively viewing content. Examples of Web 2.0 features include social networking sites or social media sites (e.g., Facebook ), blogs , wikis , folksonomies ("tagging" keywords on websites and links), video sharing sites (e.g., YouTube ), image sharing sites (e.g., Flickr ), hosted services , Web applications ("apps"), collaborative consumption platforms, and mashup applications . Whether Web 2.0

2990-510: The first major dictionary to include the word retronym . The global war from 1914 to 1918 was referred to at the time as the Great War . However, after the subsequent global war erupted in 1939, the phrase Great War was gradually deprecated. The first came to be known as World War I and the second as World War II . The first bicycles with two wheels of equal size were called " safety bicycles " because they were easier to handle than

3055-653: The functionality available to developers. Many of them also come with customizable, prefabricated ' widgets ' that accomplish such common tasks as picking a date from a calendar, displaying a data chart, or making a tabbed panel. On the server-side , Web 2.0 uses many of the same technologies as Web 1.0. Languages such as Perl , PHP , Python , Ruby , as well as Enterprise Java (J2EE) and Microsoft.NET Framework , are used by developers to output data dynamically using information from files and databases. This allows websites and web services to share machine readable formats such as XML ( Atom , RSS , etc.) and JSON . When data

3120-476: The growing concerns with Flash's security, the role of Flash became obsolete, with browser support ending on December 31, 2020. In addition to Flash and Ajax, JavaScript/Ajax frameworks have recently become a very popular means of creating Web 2.0 sites. At their core, these frameworks use the same technology as JavaScript, Ajax, and the DOM. However, frameworks smooth over inconsistencies between Web browsers and extend

3185-526: The information provided by travel suppliers. In addition, an autonomous review feature on social media would help travelers reduce risks and uncertainties before the purchasing stages. Social media is also a channel for customer complaints and negative feedback which can damage images and reputations of organisations and destinations. For example, a majority of UK travellers read customer reviews before booking hotels, these hotels receiving negative feedback would be refrained by half of customers. Therefore,

3250-632: The launch of its successor, the Atari 5200 , and all hardware and software related to the platform were released under this new branding from that point on. Prior to that time, Atari often used the initialism "VCS" in official literature and other media, but colloquially the Video Computer System was often simply called "the Atari." The first film in the Star Wars franchise released in 1977

3315-489: The meaning can be processed by machines. Web 1.0 is a retronym referring to the first stage of the World Wide Web 's evolution, from roughly 1989 to 2004. According to Graham Cormode and Balachander Krishnamurthy, "content creators were few in Web 1.0 with the vast majority of users simply acting as consumers of content". Personal web pages were common, consisting mainly of static pages hosted on ISP -run web servers , or on free web hosting services such as Tripod and

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3380-401: The million-channel people's network YouTube and the online metropolis MySpace . It's about the many wresting power from the few and helping one another for nothing and how that will not only change the world but also change the way the world changes." Instead of merely reading a Web 2.0 site, a user is invited to contribute to the site's content by commenting on published articles, or creating

3445-405: The now-defunct GeoCities . With Web 2.0, it became common for average web users to have social-networking profiles (on sites such as Myspace and Facebook ) and personal blogs (sites like Blogger , Tumblr and LiveJournal ) through either a low-cost web hosting service or through a dedicated host. In general, content was generated dynamically, allowing readers to comment directly on pages in

3510-443: The organisations should develop strategic plans to handle and manage the negative feedback on social media. Although the user-generated content and rating systems on social media are out of a business' controls, the business can monitor those conversations and participate in communities to enhance customer loyalty and maintain customer relationships. Web 2.0 could allow for more collaborative education. For example, blogs give students

3575-465: The source of the new version in their respective disciplines and areas. For example, in the Talis white paper "Library 2.0: The Challenge of Disruptive Innovation", Paul Miller argues "Blogs, wikis and RSS are often held up as exemplary manifestations of Web 2.0. A reader of a blog or a wiki is provided with tools to add a comment or even, in the case of the wiki, to edit the content. This is what we call

3640-660: The subjects in which they are editing. Misplaced Pages is not based on subject-matter expertise, but rather on an adaptation of the open source software adage "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow" . This maxim is stating that if enough users are able to look at a software product's code (or a website), then these users will be able to fix any " bugs " or other problems. The Misplaced Pages volunteer editor community produces, edits, and updates articles constantly. Web 2.0 conferences have been held every year since 2004, attracting entrepreneurs , representatives from large companies, tech experts and technology reporters. The popularity of Web 2.0

3705-445: The term Web 2.0, along with the increasing use of blogs, wikis, and social networking technologies, has led many in academia and business to append a flurry of 2.0's to existing concepts and fields of study, including Library 2.0 , Social Work 2.0, Enterprise 2.0 , PR 2.0, Classroom 2.0, Publishing 2.0, Medicine 2.0, Telco 2.0, Travel 2.0 , Government 2.0 , and even Porn 2.0 . Many of these 2.0s refer to Web 2.0 technologies as

3770-431: The then-dominant style that had one large wheel and one small wheel, which then became known as an "ordinary" bicycle. Since the end of the 19th century, most bicycles have been expected to have two equal-sized wheels, and the other type has been renamed " penny-farthing " or "high-wheeler" bicycle. The Atari Video Computer System platform was rebranded the "Atari 2600" (after its product code, CX-2600) in 1982 following

3835-591: The trends that resulted in the onset of the Web 2.0 "craze". Some common design elements of a Web 1.0 site include: The term "Web 2.0" was coined by Darcy DiNucci , an information architecture consultant, in her January 1999 article "Fragmented Future": "The Web we know now, which loads into a browser window in essentially static screenfuls, is only an embryo of the Web to come. The first glimmerings of Web 2.0 are beginning to appear, and we are just starting to see how that embryo might develop. The Web will be understood not as screenfuls of text and graphics but as

3900-403: The years the event grew continually, with 5,000 international visitors and about 350 speakers in 2013. Each year, different main focusses were set, for example data protection in 2008 and intellectual property rights and political aspects of internet usage in 2009. In 2011, Daniel Domscheit-Berg introduced the project OpenLeaks as a planned politically neutral alternative to WikiLeaks during

3965-409: Was acknowledged by 2006 TIME magazine Person of The Year ( You ). That is, TIME selected the masses of users who were participating in content creation on social networks , blogs, wikis, and media sharing sites. In the cover story, Lev Grossman explains: "It's a story about community and collaboration on a scale never seen before. It's about the cosmic compendium of knowledge Misplaced Pages and

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4030-760: Was chosen to represent the campaign. Social networking sites, such as Facebook, can be used as a platform for providing detailed information about the marketing campaign, as well as real-time online communication with customers. Korean Airline Tour created and maintained a relationship with customers by using Facebook for individual communication purposes. Travel 2.0 refers a model of Web 2.0 on tourism industries which provides virtual travel communities. The travel 2.0 model allows users to create their own content and exchange their words through globally interactive features on websites. The users also can contribute their experiences, images and suggestions regarding their trips through online travel communities. For example, TripAdvisor

4095-502: Was not until their 2004 DVD releases that the titles of the individual three films were changed to follow the same titling pattern as the Star Wars prequel trilogy (e.g. Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope ). In the 1990s, when the Internet became widely popular and email accounts' instant delivery common, mail carried by the postal service came to be called "snail mail" for its slower delivery and email sometimes just "mail." Advances in technology and science are often responsible for

4160-545: Was simply titled Star Wars . It was given the subtitle "Episode IV: A New Hope" for its 1981 theatrical re-release, shortly after the release of its sequel The Empire Strikes Back in 1980. Initially, this subtitle was limited to the opening text crawl, as all three films in the original Star Wars trilogy ( Star Wars , The Empire Strikes Back , and Return of the Jedi ) were still sold under their original theatrical titles on home media formats (such as VHS and Laserdisc). It

4225-633: Was the biggest re:publica ever. In 2023, re:publica teamed up with the Reeperbahn Festival for the first time. In addition to the Berlin re:publica, a two-day event was held in September. Web 2.0 The term was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999 and later popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the first Web 2.0 Conference in 2004. Although the term mimics the numbering of software versions , it does not denote

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