23-556: Ruta graveolens , commonly known as rue , common rue or herb-of-grace , is a species of the genus Ruta grown as an ornamental plant and herb . It is native to the Balkan Peninsula . It is grown throughout the world in gardens , especially for its bluish leaves, and sometimes for its tolerance of hot and dry soil conditions. It is also cultivated as a culinary herb, and to a lesser extent as an insect repellent and incense. The specific epithet graveolens refers to
46-503: A deterrent to them (see also Plectranthus caninus ). Caterpillars of some subspecies of the butterfly Papilio machaon feed on rue, as well as other plants. The caterpillars of Papilio xuthus also feed readily on it. In Sephardic Jewish , ruda is believed to possess protective qualities against malevolent forces, particularly the evil eye. It is often placed near vulnerable individuals, such as newborns, children, and mothers, to ward off evil. Beyond its symbolic significance, ruda
69-496: A retelling of a 16th-century Spanish ballad, and depicts a conversation between a mother and daughter about love and marriage. The daughter receives a cluster of ruda from a suitor, while the mother warns her of the dangers of new love. Rue is considered a national herb of Lithuania and it is the most frequently referenced herb in Lithuanian folk songs, as an attribute of young girls, associated with virginity and maidenhood. It
92-723: Is a 4–5-lobed capsule, containing numerous seeds . As of September 2021 , Plants of the World Online accepted ten species: Extracts from rue have been used to treat eyestrain , sore eyes , and as insect repellent . Rue has been used internally as an antispasmodic , as a treatment for menstrual problems, as an abortifacient , and as a sedative . Ruta graveolens and Ruta chalepensis are often confused in scientific literature. Since medieval times, rue has been used as an additive to wines (both white and red) to enhance its flavour and its keeping properties. The Dutch name wijnruit , translates as wine rue. In Italy, rue
115-606: Is a song, written by Volodymyr Ivasyuk , a popular Ukrainian poet and composer. Pop singer Sofia Rotaru performed the song in 1971. It is one of the flowers distributed by the mad Ophelia in William Shakespeare 's Hamlet (IV.5): It is used by the clown Lavatch in All's Well That Ends Well (IV.5) to describe Helena and his regret at her apparent death: It was planted by the gardener in Richard II to mark
138-656: Is added to grappa to produce Grappa alla Ruta. Rue's toxicity has long been known but since it appears to be slight it has been used as an additive in wine for a long time. In Brazil, according to folk tradition said to have been brought by West African slaves , the rue plant – locally called arruda, in Portuguese – is claimed to protect against the evil eye . Traditionally, it has various health benefits including, digestive aid as it helps in stimulating digestion and alleviating stomach issues. Its anti-inflammatory properties help in curing joints pain and arthritis. It
161-432: Is not a herb that is typically found in modern cuisine. Due to small amounts of toxins it contains, it must be used in small amounts, and should be avoided by pregnant women or women who have liver issues. It has a variety of other culinary uses: Rue is also grown as an ornamental plant , both as a low hedge and so the leaves can be used in nosegays . Most cats dislike the smell of it, and it can, therefore, be used as
184-416: Is thought to alleviate symptoms of shock. During Yom Kippur , ruda is sometimes used in synagogues to revitalize fasting worshippers. In Sephardic culture, ruda also symbolizes affection and is incorporated into celebratory rituals such as bridal showers. This symbolism is also featured in the traditional Sephardic song " Una Matica de Ruda ", a popular Ladino ballad sung by Sephardic Jews for centuries. It's
207-455: Is used to regulate menstrual cycle and helps in relieve menstrual cramps. It also helps in reducing muscle spasms and cramps. Caution should be taken with using rue topically. Applied to the skin with sun exposure , the oil and leaves can cause blistering. Some people are much more sensitive than others. Exposure to common rue, or herbal preparations derived from it, can cause severe phytophotodermatitis , which results in burn-like blisters on
230-526: Is valued for its medicinal properties. When combined with sugar , it is traditionally used to soothe eye discomfort and alleviate the symptoms of a mild cold. Additionally, inhaling ruda is thought to mitigate the effects of shock. Ruda's significance in Sephardic Jewish culture also extends to religious practices. During Yom Kippur , a Jewish holiday marked by fasting, Sephardic synagogues often pass ruda among congregants to revitalise them. Beyond
253-553: The basilisk , whose breath could cause plants to wilt and stones to crack, had no effect on rue. Weasels who were bitten by the basilisk would retreat and eat rue in order to recover and return to fight. Rue is mentioned in the New Testament , Luke 11:42: "But woe unto you, Pharisees! For ye tithe mint and rue and all manner of herbs". Sephardic Jewish tradition has long valued ruda for its diverse applications in health, religious practices, and spiritual well-being. It
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#1732765583188276-500: The " Houyhnhnms ". Gulliver can no longer stand the smell of the English Yahoos (people), so he stuffs rue or tobacco in his nose to block out the smell. "I was at last bold enough to walk the street in his (Don Pedro's) company, but kept my nose well with rue, or sometimes with tobacco". Ruta See text . Ruta (commonly known as rue ) is a genus of strongly scented evergreen subshrubs , 20–60 cm tall, in
299-497: The Sephardic tradition, Hasidic Jews also recognized the protective qualities of ruda. Hasidic Jews also were taught that rue should be placed into amulets to protect them from epidemics and plagues. Other Hasidim rely on the works of a famous Baghdadi Kabbalist Yaakov Chaim Sofer who makes mention of the plant "ruda" ( רודה ) as an effective device against both black magic and the evil eye. It finds many household uses around
322-506: The family Rutaceae , native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and southwest Asia . About ten species are accepted in the genus. The most well-known species is Ruta graveolens ( rue or common rue ). The leaves are bipinnate or tripinnate, with a feathery appearance, and green to strongly glaucous blue-green in colour. The flowers are yellow, with 4–5 petals , about 1 cm diameter, and borne in cymes. The fruit
345-528: The poisonous shrub oleander to be drunk as an antidote to venomous snake bites. The refined oil of rue is an emmenagogue and was cited by the Roman historian Pliny the Elder and Soranus as an abortifacient (inducing abortion). Rue has a culinary use, but since it is bitter and gastric discomfort may be experienced by some individuals, it is used sparingly. Although used more extensively in former times, it
368-460: The root, stem and leaf shows the isolation of the furanocoumarin chalepensin . The essential oil of R. graveolens contains two main constituents, undecan-2-one (46.8%) and nonan-2-one (18.8%). The bitter taste of its leaves led to rue being associated with the (etymologically unrelated) verb rue "to regret". Rue is well known for its symbolic meaning of regret and it has sometimes been called "herb-of-grace" in literary works. In mythology,
391-461: The skin. The mechanism of action is currently unknown. Acridone alkaloids Acridone alkaloids are natural products derived from acridone . Acridone alkaloids are found in bark, wood, leaves and roots of rue plants, especially in roots and suspension cultures of rue . This group is named after the acridone . Further members are acronycin, melicopicine and rutacridone, among others: Many acridone alkaloids are methylated on
414-661: The skin. The mechanism of action is currently unknown. A series of furanoacridones and two acridone alkaloids ( arborinine and evoxanthine ) have been isolated from R. graveolens . It also contains coumarins and limonoids . Cell cultures produce the coumarins umbelliferone , scopoletin , psoralen , xanthotoxin , isopimpinellin , rutamarin and rutacultin , and the alkaloids skimmianine , kokusaginine , 6-methoxydictamnine and edulinine . The ethyl acetate extract of R. graveolens leaves yields two furanocoumarins , one quinoline alkaloid and four quinolone alkaloids including graveoline . The chloroform extracts of
437-598: The spot where the Queen wept upon hearing news of Richard's capture (III.4.104–105): It is also given by the rusticated Perdita to her disguised royal father-in-law on the occasion of a sheep-shearing ( Winter's Tale , IV.4): It is used by Michael in Milton's Paradise Lost to give Adam clear sight (11.414): Rue is used by Gulliver in Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift) when he returns to England after living among
460-415: The strong-smelling leaves. Rue is a woody, perennial shrub. Its leaves are oblong, blue green and arranged pinnate; they release a strong aroma when they are bruised. The flowers are small with 4 to 5 dull yellow petals in clusters. They bear brown seed capsules when pollinated. In the ancient Roman world, the naturalists Pedanius Dioscorides and Pliny the Elder recommended that rue be combined with
483-769: The world as well. It is traditionally used in Central Asia as an insect repellent and room deodorizer. Rue is generally safe if consumed in small amounts as an herb to flavor food. Rue extracts are mutagenic and hepatotoxic . Large doses can cause violent gastric pain, vomiting, liver damage, and death. This is due to a variety of toxic compounds in the plant's sap. It is recommended to only use small amounts in food, and to not consume it excessively. It should be strictly avoided by pregnant women, as it can be an abortifacient and teratogen . Exposure to common rue, or herbal preparations derived from it, can cause severe phytophotodermatitis , which results in burn-like blisters on
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#1732765583188506-495: Was common in traditional Lithuanian weddings for only virgins to wear a rue ( Lithuanian : rūta ) at their wedding, a symbol to show their purity. Likewise, rue is prominent in Ukrainian folklore, songs and culture. In the Ukrainian folk song "Oi poli ruta, ruta" (O, rue, rue in the field), the girl regrets losing her virginity, reproaching the lover for "breaking the green hazel tree". " Chervona Ruta " (Червона Рута—"Red Rue")
529-487: Was in the Ottoman Balkans , rather than Medieval Spain , that Sephardic Jews encountered ruda and adopted its associated traditions and beliefs. For Sephardic Jews, Ruda is believed to protect against the evil eye and is often placed near newborns, children, and mothers to ward off harm. It is also traditionally used for its healing properties; when combined with sugar, it can soothe eye discomfort. Inhaling ruda
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