Misplaced Pages

#515484

102-679: Carpenter Gothic houses and small churches became common in North America in the late nineteenth century. Additionally during this time, Protestant followers were building many Carpenter Gothic churches throughout the midwest, northeast, and some areas in the south of the US. This style is a part of the Gothic Revival movement. For example. these structures adapted Gothic elements, such as pointed arches, steep gables, and towers, to traditional American light-frame construction . The invention of

204-421: A ZIP Code change in the early 2000s ). Many of the older families have left Middle Village but have not sold their homes but rather passed them down to their children; the result is many second and third generation residents. The population of Middle Village has been relatively consistent: 28,984 in 2000, compared to 28,981 in 1990. Metro Mall is a tri-level shopping mall on Metropolitan Avenue just west of

306-464: A 1930 structure that is notable for having friezes of biblical scenes on its facade . As of 2005 , it was a tailor's shop. There are also some very old houses in Middle Village. The Morrell House, built by English settler Thomas Morrell, was built in 1719 on present-day Juniper Valley Road; the house was demolished in 1985. By 1995, two other historical houses were slated for demolition by

408-490: A Dimensional number two-by-four to 5 cm by 30 cm (two-by-twelve inches) at the cross-section, and lengths ranging from 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) for walls to 7 metres (23 ft) or more for joists and rafters. Recently, architects have begun experimenting with pre-cut modular aluminum framing to reduce on-site construction costs. Wall panels built of studs are interrupted by sections that provide rough openings for doors and windows . Openings are typically spanned by

510-429: A balloon frame extend two stories from sill to plate. Platform framing superseded balloon framing and is the standard wooden framing method today. The name comes from each floor level being framed as a separate unit or platform. The use of factory-made walls and floors has shown an increase in popularity due to the time-saving and cost-efficiency. ( Pre-fabrication ) Walls are made usually in facilities and then shipped to

612-445: A bottom plate which is secured to the structure of a floor, and one, or more often two top plates that tie walls together and provide a bearing for structures above the wall. Wood or steel floor frames usually include a rim joist around the perimeter of a system of floor joists, and often include bridging material near the center of a span to prevent lateral buckling of the spanning members. In two-story construction, openings are left in

714-517: A cemetery located in Middle Village, holds many famed mobsters, including John Gotti , Lucky Luciano , Joe Gallo , Carlo Gambino , Joseph Profaci , Joe Colombo , Vito Genovese and Carmine Galante . Also buried here are fitness guru Charles Atlas , politicians Geraldine Ferraro and Mario Cuomo , slain New York City police officer Rafael Ramos , and photographer Robert Mapplethorpe . The United Community Methodist Church (founded as

816-850: A floor and as a support for the structure. Other light-frame buildings are built over a crawlspace or a basement , with wood or steel joists used to span between foundation walls, usually constructed of poured concrete or concrete blocks . Engineered components are commonly used to form floor, ceiling and roof structures in place of solid wood. I-joists (closed-web trusses) are often made from laminated woods, most often chipped poplar wood, in panels as thin as 1 cm (0.39 in), glued between horizontally laminated members of less than 4 cm by 4 cm ( two-by-twos ), to span distances of as much as 9 m (30 ft). Open web trussed joists and rafters are often formed of 4 cm by 9 cm ( two-by-four ) wood members to provide support for floors, roofing systems and ceiling finishes. Platform framing

918-556: A header or lintel that bears the weight of the structure above the opening. Headers are usually built to rest on trimmers , also called jacks. Areas around windows are defined by a sill beneath the window, and cripples, which are shorter studs that span the area from the bottom plate to the sill and sometimes from the top of the window to a header, or from a header to a top plate. Diagonal bracings made of wood or steel provide shear (horizontal strength) as do panels of sheeting nailed to studs, sills and headers. Wall sections usually include

1020-489: A low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 13%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth is 0.008 milligrams per cubic metre (8.0 × 10  oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Twenty percent of Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth residents are smokers , which

1122-541: A lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 . While 33% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 16% have less than a high school education and 50% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth students excelling in math rose from 36% in 2000 to 67% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 42% to 49% during

SECTION 10

#1732786975516

1224-512: A moisture content not exceeding 19%. There are four historically common methods of framing a house. Wall sheathing, usually a plywood or other laminate, is usually applied to the framing prior to erection, thus eliminating the need to scaffold , and again increasing speed and cutting manpower needs and expenses. Some types of exterior sheathing, such as asphalt-impregnated fiberboard , plywood , oriented strand board and waferboard , will provide adequate bracing to resist lateral loads and keep

1326-468: A number of postponements, in March 2008, just hours before the final deadline to demolish the church, a deal was struck with a local community group, whereby they were allowed time to raise money to move the structure. At a cost of some $ 2 million, the building was reduced to its original appearance and dismantled into pieces, so it could be transported through the narrow, winding streets of the neighborhood. It

1428-454: A one-screen, 970-seat theater at Metropolitan Avenue and 74th Street, was built in 1921 and was the first theater in Queens that had wiring for loudspeakers . It closed in the mid-1980s because of a never-implemented plan to turn the structure into a triplex . As of 2016 , the site is a Salvation Army location. The Artistic Building, on Metropolitan Avenue between 79th and 80th Streets, is

1530-552: A plot of land bounded by present-day Penelope Avenue, Dry Harbor Road, Juniper Boulevard South, and 81st Street. The bells and cornerstones from the first two churches are the only remnants of the original structures, and are located in front of the original church. St. Margaret's Roman Catholic Church, a church and attached school built in 1860, was used during the American Civil War as a temporary jail. The church and school were both reconstructed—the school in 1899 and

1632-526: A renowned local restaurant, was located at 69-16 Metropolitan Avenue until it was demolished in 2005. The site, located near present-day 69th Street, was prime real estate in the early 19th century. Isaac Ferguson, who owned 7 ⁄ 12 acre (0.24 ha) of land at the site, sold 1 ⁄ 3 acre (0.13 ha) of his land to John Heuss, having been loath to give his land to the Geissenhainers of Lutheran Cemetery due to Ferguson's concerns that

1734-408: A ridge. Valleys are formed when two sloping roof sections drain toward each other. Dormers are small areas in which vertical walls interrupt a roof line, and which are topped off by slopes at usually right angles to a main roof section. Gables are formed when a length-wise section of sloping roof ends to form a triangular wall section. Clerestories are formed by an interruption along the slope of

1836-649: A roof is called an A-frame . In North America, roofs are often covered with shingles made of asphalt, fiberglass and small gravel coating, but a wide range of materials are used. Molten tar is often used to waterproof flatter roofs, but newer materials include rubber and synthetic materials. Steel panels are popular roof coverings in some areas, preferred for their durability. Slate or tile roofs offer more historic coverings for light-frame roofs. Light-frame methods allow easy construction of unique roof designs; hip roofs, for example, slope toward walls on all sides and are joined at hip rafters that span from corners to

1938-550: A roof where a short vertical wall connects it to another roof section. Flat roofs, which usually include at least a nominal slope to shed water, are often surrounded by parapet walls with openings (called scuppers ) to allow water to drain out. Sloping crickets are built into roofs to direct water away from areas of poor drainage, such as behind a chimney at the bottom of a sloping section. Light-frame buildings in areas with shallow or nonexistent frost depths are often erected on monolithic concrete-slab foundations that serve both as

2040-583: A structural building that goes diagonally across a wall is called a T-bar. It stops the walls from collapsing in gusty winds. Pressure-treated wood (Green Treated wood) is a type of wood that is used when a bottom plate is exposed to outside moisture, while even when in contact with concrete. Roofs are usually built to provide a sloping surface intended to shed rain or snow, with slopes ranging from 1:15 (less than an inch per linear foot of horizontal span), to steep slopes of more than 2:1. A light-frame structure built mostly inside sloping walls which also serve as

2142-532: A sturdy, light skeleton. Builders were reluctant to adopt the new technology; however, by the 1880s, some form of 2×4 framing was standard. Alternatively, a precursor to the balloon frame may have been used by the French in Missouri as much as 31 years earlier. Although lumber was plentiful in 19th-century America, skilled labor was not. The advent of cheap machine-made nails, along with water-powered sawmills in

SECTION 20

#1732786975516

2244-503: A vital interior part of many roof systems, and in-wall wind braces are required by building codes in many municipalities or by individual state laws in the United States. Special framed shear walls are becoming more common to help buildings meet the requirements of earthquake engineering and wind engineering . Historically, people fitted naturally shaped wooden poles together as framework and then began using joints to connect

2346-977: A whole. The 104th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 87.4% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 17 rapes, 140 robberies, 168 felony assaults, 214 burglaries, 531 grand larcenies, and 123 grand larcenies auto in 2018. The New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 319 fire station is located at 78-11 67th Road. A volunteer fire department , Fearless Hook and Ladder Company No. 7, operated at 71-55 Metropolitan Avenue from 1891 until 1913. As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth than in other places citywide. In Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth, there were 70 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 17.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth have

2448-481: Is buttressing , especially on churches and larger houses. Exterior elements like pointed arches made their way inside the homes as well. This can be seen in pointed arch openings and doorways. Being a part of the Gothic Revival, the ornamentation in Carpenter Gothic is much more eclectic, it uses more superficial and obvious motifs. Specifically, Carpenter Gothic ornamentation, referred to as gingerbread ,

2550-408: Is also likely that, by radically reducing construction costs, balloon framing improved the shelter options of poorer North Americans. However, balloon framing did require very long studs, and as tall trees were exhausted in the 1920s, platform framing became prevalent. Balloon framing presents challenges in firefighting, since many older balloon-framed buildings lack firestops or fire blocking in

2652-517: Is an early form of light framing developed from the heavier timber framing which preceded it. It is defined by the continued use of girts, corner posts, and braces. The pieces are mortised, tenoned, and pegged with the studs nailed to the girts and sills. Due to the early introduction of sawmills (as early as 1635 in New Hampshire), as early as 1637 timber frames in the northeastern English colonies in North America made use of light studs between

2754-650: Is at the floor lines. The balloon wall studs extend from the sill of the first story all the way to the top plate or end rafter of the second story. The platform-framed wall, on the other hand, is independent for each floor. Light-frame materials are most often wood or rectangular steel, tubes or C-channels. Wood pieces are typically connected with nail fasteners, nails, or screws; steel pieces are connected with pan-head framing screws, or nuts and bolts. Preferred species for linear structural members are softwoods such as spruce, pine and fir. Light frame material dimensions range from 38 by 89 mm (1.5 by 3.5 in); i.e.,

2856-624: Is bordered by the neighborhoods of Elmhurst to the north, Maspeth and Ridgewood to the west, Glendale to the south, and Rego Park to the east. Housing in the neighborhood is largely single-family homes with many attached homes, and small apartment buildings. Middle Village is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11379. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 's 104th Precinct. Politically, Middle Village

2958-441: Is divided into two broad categories, heavy-frame construction (heavy framing) if the vertical supports are few and heavy such as in timber framing , pole building framing , or steel framing ; or light-frame construction (light-framing) if the supports are more numerous and smaller, such as balloon , platform , light-steel framing and pre-built framing. Light-frame construction using standardized dimensional lumber has become

3060-430: Is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth, 19% of residents are obese , 7% are diabetic , and 20% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively. In addition, 19% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which

3162-543: Is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 78% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", equal to the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth, there are 5 bodegas . The nearest major hospital is Elmhurst Hospital Center in Elmhurst . A study by RentHop.com found that Middle Village had the highest number of dog feces-related complaints within New York City. Northern Middle Village

Carpenter Gothic - Misplaced Pages Continue

3264-517: Is largely confined to small domestic buildings and outbuildings and small churches. It is characterized by its profusion of jig-sawn details, whose craftsmen-designers were freed to experiment with elaborate forms by the invention of the steam-powered scroll saw . A common but not necessary feature is board and batten siding. Other common features include decorative bargeboards , gingerbread trim , pointed-arched windows, wheel window , one-story veranda , and steep central gable . A less common feature

3366-902: Is located at 72-31 Metropolitan Avenue. The neighborhood is served by the New York City Subway at the Metropolitan Avenue station ( M train). In addition, five local bus lines serve Middle Village: the Q29 along Dry Harbor Road and 80th Street; the Q38 on Eliot and Penelope Avenues; the Q47 on 80th Street; the Q54 on Metropolitan Avenue, and the Q67 on 69th Street and Metropolitan Avenue. The QM24 , QM25 and QM34 express bus routes to Manhattan, running along Eliot Avenue, also serve

3468-645: Is not certain who introduced balloon framing in the United States. However, the first building using balloon framing was possibly a warehouse constructed in 1832 in Chicago , Illinois, by George Washington Snow or Augustine Deodat Taylor. Both men arrived in Chicago from New England, where the use of light framing timber was already common. Architectural critic Sigfried Giedion cited Chicago architect John M. Van Osdel 's 1880s attribution, as well as A. T. Andreas' 1885 History of Chicago, to credit Snow as 'inventor of

3570-725: Is not limited to use on wooden structures but has been used on other structures especially Gothic Revival brick houses such as the Warren House in a historic district in Newburgh, New York , which is said to epitomize the work of Andrew Jackson Downing, but was actually done by his one-time partner, Calvert Vaux . Ornamentation can be seen in the interior as well. Many elements in the interiors were highly crafted such as staircases, walls, ceilings, and fireplaces. Examples of this ornament use include wainscoting, ceiling beams or coffered ceilings, and ornate wallpapers. Gothic style furniture

3672-565: Is represented by the New York City Council 's 29th and 30th Districts. The area was settled around 1816 by people of English descent and was named in the early nineteenth century for its location as the midpoint between the then-towns of Williamsburg, Brooklyn , and Jamaica, Queens , on the Williamsburgh and Jamaica Turnpike (now Metropolitan Avenue ), which opened in 1816. It was generally sparsely populated because

3774-522: Is served by Juniper Valley Park , a large public park built in 1930 on the former Juniper Swamp. There are tennis , handball , basketball , and bocce courts, as well as seven baseball fields and a quarter-mile running track around a turf football / soccer field. Another park, the Middle Village Playground, is located at 79th Street between 68th Road and 69th Avenue, in southern Middle Village. The city of New York bought

3876-548: Is the Fresh Pond Crematory and Columbarium, which has operated since the late 19th century. Baseball player Lou Gehrig , screenwriter Ring Lardner, Sr. , businessman J.P. Morgan , and Richard Hauptmann —notable for the Lindbergh kidnapping —are among the people cremated there. The crematory , the third-oldest in the United States, was erected in 1884 and started cremating people a year later. The columbarium

3978-524: The load and the limitations imposed by the type and thickness of the wall covering used. Wider 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -by- 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch studs may be used to provide space for more insulation . Insulation beyond that which can be accommodated within a 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch stud space can also be provided by other means, such as rigid or semi-rigid insulation or batts between 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -by- 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch horizontal furring strips , or rigid or semi-rigid insulation sheathing to

4080-586: The scroll saw and mass-produced wood moldings allowed a few of these structures to mimic the florid fenestration of the High Gothic. But in most cases, Carpenter Gothic buildings were relatively unadorned, retaining only the basic elements of pointed-arch windows and steep gables. Probably the best known example of Carpenter Gothic is the house in Eldon, Iowa , that Grant Wood used for the background of his famous painting American Gothic . Carpenter Gothic

4182-639: The steamboats on those rivers. St. Luke's Church in Blue Ridge, Georgia , was built in 1995. Houses and churches are sometimes built in the Carpenter Gothic style into the 21st Century. Many nineteenth-century timber Gothic Revival structures were built in Australia , and in New Zealand – such as Frederick Thatcher 's Old St. Paul's, Wellington , and Benjamin Mountfort 's St Mary's , but

Carpenter Gothic - Misplaced Pages Continue

4284-657: The 1847 Rural Cemetery Act , which banned new cemeteries in Manhattan. The General Slocum Steamboat Fire Mass Memorial, commemorating the 1904 sinking of the PS General Slocum that killed 1,021 people, is at Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery. The cemetery is also the burial place of Fred Trump and Mary Anne MacLeod Trump , parents of former U.S. President Donald Trump . Near the Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery, on Mount Olivet Crescent,

4386-452: The 1970s and 1980s, when crime in New York City was at an all-time high, the Mafia allegedly prevented crime from happening. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 19 per 100,000 people, Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 235 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as

4488-523: The Carpenter Gothic style with a distinctive upper window and a decision by the artist to paint the house along with "the kind of people I fancied should live in that house." Steamboat Gothic architecture, a term popularized by Frances Parkinson Keyes's novel of that name, is sometimes confused with Carpenter Gothic architecture, but Steamboat Gothic usually refers to large houses in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys that were designed to resemble

4590-593: The Congregation of Forest Hills West, was founded in 1935. Maspeth, Ridgewood, Middle Village, and Glendale are patrolled by the 104th Precinct of the NYPD , located at 64-02 Catalpa Avenue. The 104th Precinct ranked 21st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. However, the precinct covers a large diamond-shaped area, and Maspeth and Middle Village are generally seen as safer than Ridgewood. Middle Village has been historically relatively safe. During

4692-565: The Methodist Episcopal Church of Newtown), the first Methodist church in Middle Village, is located near the present-day intersection of Juniper Valley Road and 80th Street. The church, originally built in 1769, was moved to Metropolitan Avenue near 75th Street in 1836, and was rebuilt in 1901 and 1926. The Trinity Lutheran Church was founded in 1851 in the Lutheran-All Faiths Cemetery. A school

4794-569: The ages of 0–17, 31% between 25–44, and 26% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 8% and 13% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 5 was $ 71,234. In 2018, an estimated 19% of Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in seventeen residents (6%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or

4896-464: The area was the Parkville Homes in 1927, a group of 30 homes at Juniper Valley Road and 77th Place. With Ridgewood developer August Bauer, they built 150 single-family row houses by 1928. In 1931, Bauer, collaborating with builder Paul Stier, built some 7-room houses at 78th Street and Furmanville Avenue. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Middle Village

4998-402: The area's hotels were booming in popularity. In 1888, Schumacher was dead and his wife, Catharina Sutter, sold the building and the business to John Niederstein, a German cook. Niederstein built 32 rooms with two wings and operated the lodge as a hotel. Henrietta Gabriel, John Niederstein's granddaughter, bought the business from Grace, Niederstein's daughter-in-law, in 1920. In 1969, Gabriel sold

5100-525: The balloon frame method'. In 1833, Taylor constructed the first Catholic church in Chicago, St. Mary's, using the balloon framing method; this building was moved and rehabbed multiple times before burning in the Great Chicago Fire . In the 1830s, Hoosier Solon Robinson published articles about a revolutionary new framing system, called "balloon framing" by later builders. Robinson's system called for standard 2×4 lumber, nailed together to form

5202-409: The bottom plates nailed through the subfloor to the floor framing members. The braces should have their larger dimension on the vertical and should permit adjustment of the vertical position of the wall. Once the assembled sections are plumbed, they are nailed together at the corners and intersections. A strip of polyethylene is often placed between the interior walls and the exterior wall, and above

SECTION 50

#1732786975516

5304-525: The church in 1907. In 1935, they moved to a four-story structure on Juniper Valley Road near 80th Street. Our Lady of Hope is a hexagonal structure on Eliot Avenue with a bell tower and is located just north of the New York Connecting Railroad . The church was built in 1965. There used to be many synagogues in Middle Village, due to an influx of Jewish residents in the early 20th century. The Hebrew Institute of Middle Village

5406-416: The citywide average of 75%. Elementary and junior high schools with grades K–8 include PS/IS 49, PS/IS 128 which was also rated as a Blue Ribbon School, and PS 87. Our Lady of Hope, St. Margaret, and Resurrection-Ascension are three Catholic K-8 schools in the area, and Christ The King Regional High School is another parochial school in the area. The Queens Public Library 's Middle Village branch

5508-416: The development of wall insulation. Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. These stick members , referred to as studs , wall plates and lintels (sometimes called headers ), serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floor platforms, which provide

5610-456: The diagonal wind braces and the stiff exterior sheathing regardless of the type and kind of outer weather resistant coverings. A multiple-stud post of at least 3 three studs, is generally used at exterior corners and intersections to secure a good tie between adjoining walls. It provides nailing support for interior finishes and exterior sheathing. Corners and intersections, however, must be framed with at least two studs. Nailing support for

5712-545: The different job sites. This process of framing has improved the speed of framing on site moving the framing of buildings to speed up. Framed construction was rarely used in Scandinavia before the 20th century because of the abundant availability of wood, an abundance of cheap labour, and the superiority of the thermal insulation of logs. Hence timber framing was used first for unheated buildings such as farm buildings, outbuildings and summer villas, but for houses only with

5814-629: The dominant construction method in North America and Australia due to the economy of the method; use of minimal structural material allows builders to enclose a large area at minimal cost while achieving a wide variety of architectural styles. Modern light-frame structures usually gain strength from rigid panels ( plywood and other plywood-like composites such as oriented strand board (OSB) used to form all or part of wall sections), but until recently carpenters employed various forms of diagonal bracing to stabilize walls. Diagonal bracing remains

5916-506: The early 19th century made balloon framing highly attractive, because it did not require highly skilled carpenters, as did the dovetail joints , mortises and tenons required by post-and-beam construction . For the first time, any farmer could build his own buildings without a time-consuming learning curve. It has been said that balloon framing populated the western United States and the western provinces of Canada. Without it, western boomtowns certainly could not have blossomed overnight. It

6018-446: The edges of the ceiling is required at the junction of the wall and ceiling where partitions run parallel to the ceiling joists. This material is commonly referred to as dead wood or backing. Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions. These members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels, serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support

6120-546: The first machines developed in the late 1700s in Massachusetts. Jacob Perkins of Newburyport, Massachusetts , invented a machine which could produce 10,000 nails a day. Three-decker buildings in New England were commonly constructed with this form, which is noted on period building permits as "mortised frame." Its use survived into the 1940s in the northeastern United States, when it was gradually replaced by

6222-437: The first top plate of interior walls before the second top plate is applied to attain continuity of the air barrier when polyethylene is serving this function. A second top plate, with joints offset at least one stud space away from the joints in the plate beneath, is then added. This second top plate usually laps the first plate at the corners and partition intersections and, when nailed in place, provides an additional tie to

SECTION 60

#1732786975516

6324-848: The floor system for a stairwell, in which stair risers and treads are most often attached to squared faces cut into sloping stair stringers. Interior wall coverings in light-frame construction typically include wallboard , lath and plaster or decorative wood paneling . Exterior finishes for walls and ceilings often include plywood or composite sheathing, brick or stone veneers , and various stucco finishes. Cavities between studs, usually placed 40–60 cm (16–24 in) apart, are usually filled with insulation materials, such as fiberglass batting, or cellulose filling sometimes made of recycled newsprint treated with boron additives for fire prevention and vermin control. In natural building , straw bales , cob and adobe may be used for both exterior and interior walls. The part of

6426-483: The framed walls. Where the second top plate does not lap the plate immediately underneath at corner and partition intersections, these may be tied with 0.036 in (0.91 mm) galvanized steel plates at least 3 in (76 mm) wide and 6 in (150 mm) long, nailed with at least three 2 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (64 mm) nails to each wall. Braced frame construction , also known as full frame, half frame, New England braced frame, combination frame,

6528-417: The heavier corners. Norman Isham wrote, "sometimes the frame was covered with vertical boarding applied to the sills, plates, and girts without any intermediate framing, but in a greater number of houses the spaces between the heavier timbers are filled with lighter vertical sticks called studs." The growth of a nail-making industry in the early 19th century made the frame even faster to assemble, with some of

6630-617: The hotel to Reiner and Horst Herink, who operated the structure as a restaurant. Once patronized by 130 thousand annual diners, the restaurant became less popular by the 1990s. Because of its many modifications, the building was ineligible for landmarking by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission . The property was sold in the early 2000s and demolished in September 2005 to make way for an Arby's restaurant. The Arion Theater,

6732-483: The increased value of the land they occupy. A current example of this is St. Saviour's Episcopal Church, Maspeth, New York , built in 1847 by Richard Upjohn . It was sold to a developer in 2006. Its rectory had already been demolished and a deal with the City of New York to preserve the church in exchange for higher density on the remaining vacant land fell through and the parcel went on the market for $ 10 million. After

6834-523: The land, erected facades of houses on that land, and tried to sell these houses, but not before he tried to sell the land to the city as an airport. A housing boom that began in the 1920s eventually consumed the surrounding farmland and became continuous with neighboring towns and neighborhoods. Originally, homes were built by two major builders—the Nansen Building Corporation, and Baier & Bauer. Charles Baier's first project in

6936-659: The large Juniper Swamp was in the area. The swamp, an area where the Americans hid from British in the American Revolutionary War , was originally circumscribed by a "Juniper Round Swamp Road". In 1852, a Manhattan Lutheran church purchased the farmland on the western end of the hamlet. After the Civil War , the area became predominantly German. The Williamsburgh and Jamaica Turnpike became an un-tolled road by 1873, and St. John Roman Catholic Cemetery

7038-479: The lateral strength along a wall. The platforms may be the boxed structure of a ceiling and roof, or the ceiling and floor joists of the story above. In the building trades, the technique is variously referred to as stick framing , stick and platform , or stick and box , as the sticks (studs) give the structure its vertical support, and the box-shaped floor sections with joists contained within length-long post and lintels (more commonly called headers ), support

7140-401: The loads supported and the type and thickness of the wall finish used. Partitions can be built with 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ×  2 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (38 mm × 64 mm) or 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ×  3 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (38 mm × 89 mm) studs spaced at 16 or 24 in (410 or 610 mm) on center depending on the type and thickness of

7242-672: The neighborhood's subway station . In 1920, the C.B. French Company, which made telephone booths for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (now AT&T), built a factory on what is now the site of Metro Mall. After the C.B. French Company was acquired by the Turner-Armour Company, which was in turn acquired by the Western Electric Company , Western Electric continued to operate the plant and make telephone booths for AT&T. The plant

7344-410: The open framing cavities, and a fire can spread vertically in a short time. Since the floor framing and wall framing cavities interconnect, fire can rapidly spread throughout the structure. Many balloon-framed buildings predate the introduction of building codes that mandate fire blocking, and a fire can spread from basement to attic in minutes. The main difference between platform and balloon framing

7446-460: The opening may be bridged with a single piece of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (38 mm) lumber the same width as the studs. These members provide a nailing support for wall finish, door frames and trim . Lintels (or, headers) are the horizontal members placed over window, door and other openings to carry loads to the adjoining studs. Lintels are usually constructed of two pieces of 2 in (nominal) (38 mm) lumber separated with spacers to

7548-637: The outside of the studs. The studs are attached to horizontal top and bottom wall plates of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch lumber that are the same width as the studs. Interior partitions supporting floor , ceiling or roof loads are called loadbearing walls; others are called non-loadbearing or simply partitions. Interior loadbearing walls are framed in the same way as exterior walls. Studs are usually 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ×  3 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (38 mm × 89 mm) lumber spaced at 16 in (410 mm) on center. This spacing may be changed to 12 or 24 in (300 or 610 mm) depending on

7650-758: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 46% in Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth, lower than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Maspeth, Ridgewood, Middle Village, and Glendale are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . The population in Middle Village has been historically German American . Later, it became Irish American , Italian American , and Yugoslavian-American , although Middle Village has seen an influx of Polish people , Eastern Europeans , Hispanic Americans , and Chinese Americans (mostly in South Elmhurst, after

7752-529: The platform frame. Balloon framing is a method of wood construction used primarily in areas rich in softwood forests such as Scandinavia , Canada , the United States up until the mid-1950s, and around Thetford Forest in Norfolk, England . The name comes from a French Missouri type of construction, maison en boulin , boulin being a French term for a horizontal scaffolding support. It

7854-409: The population. The entirety of Community Board 5, which comprises Maspeth, Ridgewood, Middle Village, and Glendale, had 166,924 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.4 years. This is about equal to the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 22% are between

7956-671: The property in 1938 and renovated the playground in 1994. The Middle Village Veteran's Triangle, at Gray and 77th Streets, commemorates local people who were veterans of World War I , World War II , the Korean War , and the Vietnam War . It was renovated in 1999. Middle Village is covered by ZIP Code 11379. The United States Post Office operates the Middle Village Station at 71-35 Metropolitan Avenue. Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth generally have

8058-562: The same developer who demolished the Morrell House. In 2005, though, the Juniper Park Civic Association successfully petitioned to get parts of Maspeth and Middle Village rezoned to prevent aggressive redevelopment. An old farmhouse on Furmanville Avenue, built in the 1890s, still exists as of 2018 . The Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery , at 67-29 Metropolitan Avenue, opened in Middle Village in 1852, due to

8160-430: The same time period. Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth, 14% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , lower than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 82% of high school students in Middle Village, Ridgewood, and Maspeth graduate on time, more than

8262-411: The south by Cooper Avenue and the former LIRR Montauk Branch railroad tracks, and to the west by Mount Olivet Cemetery. The small trapezoid-shaped area bounded by Mt. Olivet Crescent to the east, Fresh Pond Road to the west, Eliot Avenue to the north, and Metropolitan Avenue to the south is often counted as part of Middle Village, but is sometimes considered part of nearby Ridgewood . Middle Village

8364-593: The term "Carpenter's Gothic" is not often used, and many of their architects also built in stone. Light-frame construction Framing , in construction , is the fitting together of pieces to give a structure , particularly a building , support and shape. Framing materials are usually wood , engineered wood , or structural steel . The alternative to framed construction is generally called mass wall construction, where horizontal layers of stacked materials such as log building , masonry , rammed earth , adobe , etc. are used without framing. Building framing

8466-402: The timbers, a method today called traditional timber framing or log framing . In the United States, timber framing was superseded by balloon framing beginning in the 1830s. Balloon framing makes use of many lightweight wall members called studs rather than fewer, heavier supports called posts; balloon framing components are nailed together rather than fitted using joinery . The studs in

8568-483: The tract was worth more than what the Geissenhainers would have paid for it. Huess later sold the land to Henry Schumacher, a then-27-year-old Württemberg native. In 1850, Schumacher built a 2-story wooden roadside lodge, called the Schumacher's Lager Beer Saloon and Hotel, on the Williamsburgh and Jamaica Turnpike. Ferguson sold the remaining 1 ⁄ 4 acre (0.10 ha) to Schumacher in 1864, by which time

8670-583: The upper floors, ceiling and roof. Exterior wall studs are the vertical members to which the wall sheathing and cladding are attached. They are supported on a bottom plate or foundation sill and in turn support the top plate. Studs usually consist of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -by- 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch (38 mm × 89 mm) or 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -by- 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch (38 mm × 140 mm) lumber and are commonly spaced at 16 inches (410 mm) on center. This spacing may be changed to 12 or 24 inches (300 or 610 mm) on center depending on

8772-499: The wall finish used. Where a partition does not contain a swinging door, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ×  3 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (38 mm × 89 mm) studs at 16 in (410 mm) on center are sometimes used with the wide face of the stud parallel to the wall. This is usually done only for partitions enclosing clothes closets or cupboards to save space. Since there is no vertical load to be supported by partitions, single studs may be used at door openings. The top of

8874-457: The wall square (construction codes in most jurisdictions require a stiff plywood sheathing). Others, such as rigid glass-fiber, asphalt-coated fiberboard, polystyrene or polyurethane board, will not. In this latter case, the wall should be reinforced with a diagonal wood or metal bracing inset into the studs. In jurisdictions subject to strong wind storms (hurricane countries, tornado alleys ) local codes or state law will generally require both

8976-417: The weight of whatever is above, including the next wall up and the roof above the top story. The platform also provides lateral support against wind and holds the stick walls true and square. Any lower platform supports the weight of the platforms and walls above the level of its component headers and joists. In some countries, framing lumber is subject to regulated standards that require a grade-stamp, and

9078-458: The width of the studs and nailed together to form a single unit. Lintels are predominately nailed together without spacers to form a solid beam and allow the remaining cavity to be filled with insulation from the inside. The preferable spacer material is rigid insulation. The depth of a lintel is determined by the width of the opening and vertical loads supported. The complete wall sections are then raised and put in place, temporary braces added and

9180-521: Was 37,929, an increase of 300 (0.8%) from the 37,629 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,329.29 acres (537.94 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 28.5 inhabitants per acre (18,200/sq mi). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 74.0% (28,071) White , 0.9% (354) African American , 0.1% (31) Native American , 8.1% (3,059) Asian , 0.0% (7) Pacific Islander , 0.2% (89) from other races , and 0.8% (314) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.8% (6,004) of

9282-553: Was a rabbinical seminary , built in 1919 next to a synagogue that existed from 1909 to the 1970s; the building that housed the Hebrew Institute of Middle Village is now occupied by the Middle Village Adult Center. The Holy Archangels Michael & Gabriel Romanian Orthodox Church moved into a former synagogue in 1997, but the synagogue itself dates back to 1921. The only extant synagogue in the area,

9384-482: Was also known as "Chicago construction" in the 19th century. Balloon framing uses long continuous framing members ( wall studs ) that run from the sill plate to the top plate, with intermediate floor structures let into and nailed to them. Here the heights of window sills, headers and next floor height would be marked out on the studs with a story pole . Once popular when long lumber was plentiful, balloon framing has been largely replaced by platform framing . It

9486-667: Was also used. Carpenter Gothic structures are typically found in most states of the United States, except Arizona and New Mexico . There is one Carpenter Gothic in the Huning Highlands Historical District in downtown Albuquerque circa 1882 built by the Seth family who lived there until 2002. Many Carpenter Gothic houses were built in Nevada in the 1860–1870s (Virginia City, Reno, Carson City, and Carson Valley areas) and still exist (2010). Although this style

9588-667: Was built in 1893 and expanded in 1898; the two-building complex was further enlarged in 1904 and 1910. The Pullis Farm Cemetery, a small burial plot in Juniper Valley Park , is a gated mini-cemetery dating back to 1846. As many as eight members of the Pullis family are interred in the plot. The cemetery became overgrown was weeds and was restored in 1993–6 with a new headstone. It is one of the few farm burial grounds still located in New York City. Many famous people's graves are located in Middle Village. St. John's Cemetery ,

9690-451: Was closed by around 1965, after which United Merchants and Manufacturers Inc. acquired the land and built a three-story mall on the site between 1972 and 1974. In the 2010s, most of its tenants departed, most notably Kmart and Toys "R" Us which were both located inside two of the mall's anchor tenant spaces on level 2 (referred separately as Rentar Plaza), leaving BJ's Wholesale Club and Raymour & Flanigan . The now vacant level 2

9792-460: Was constructed in 1904. It is named after Frank Lang, who built mausoleums and monuments. The building, which sold mausoleums and monuments until 1946, also used to have an "H.C. Bohack" gas station, operated by the same man who also headed the Bohack grocery store chain. The two-story art deco building is notable for imposing gargoyles and finely chiseled faces on its roof. Niederstein's,

9894-408: Was founded in the church in 1861, and the church burned just two years later. Then, it moved to 69th Street. At the 69th Street site, the school burned down in 1895 and the church burned down in 1906. Another church was built on the 69th Street site, but it was structurally damaged by lightning damage in 1975 and completely burned in a 1977 fire. The church's third structure, built in 1979, is located on

9996-424: Was laid out on the eastern side of the town in 1879. Hotels and other services appeared to meet the needs of cemetery visitors. The western part of Middle Village was called "Metropolitan" until prior to World War I . The Juniper Swamp was filled in 1915. In 1920, the area was renamed "Juniper Valley" as part of a revitalization project. Shortly after, gangster Arnold Rothstein bought 88 acres (36 ha) of

10098-802: Was most common in northern America, nowhere else had built as many churches as in Florida between 1870 and 1900. In Canada, carpenter Gothic places of worship are found in all provinces and the Northwest Territories , while Carpenter Gothic houses seem to be limited to Ontario , Quebec and the Maritime Provinces . Many American Carpenter Gothic structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places , which may help to ensure their preservation. Many, though, are not listed and those in urban areas are endangered by

10200-405: Was reconstructed on the grounds of a cemetery in the nearby neighborhood of Middle Village , where it is now used for community activities. " American Gothic " is a painting by Grant Wood from 1930. It depicts American rural life with its subject being a "stern" looking father and his daughter in front of a small Carpenter Gothic style house. Wood's inspiration came from a cottage designed in

10302-485: Was traditionally limited to four floors but some jurisdictions have modified their building codes to allow up to six floors with added fire protection. Middle Village, New York Middle Village is a mainly residential neighborhood in the central section of the borough of Queens , New York City , bounded to the north by the Long Island Expressway , to the east by Woodhaven Boulevard , to

10404-575: Was used as a storage facility by the New York City Department of Transportation (DOT) until 2023-2024, and Amazon leased space for a fulfillment center in 2020. The New York City Department of Corrections also has a training academy there. In 2024, Rentar Development Corp., the owners of the mall, announced that it would be rebranded as the Shops at Rentar Plaza . The Frank T. Lang Building, at Metropolitan Avenue and 69th Street,

#515484