105-464: Russian Americans (Russian: русские американцы , romanized : russkiye amerikantsy , IPA: [ˈruskʲɪje ɐmʲɪrʲɪˈkant͡sɨ] ) are Americans of full or partial Russian ancestry. The term can apply to recent Russian immigrants to the United States, as well as to those who settled in the 19th-century Russian possessions in northwestern America. Russian Americans comprise
210-442: A native Russian keyboard layout ( JCUKEN ). In the latter case, they would type using a system of transliteration fitted for their keyboard layout , such as for English QWERTY keyboards, and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic. There are a number of distinct and competing standards for the romanization of Russian Cyrillic , with none of them having received much popularity, and, in reality, transliteration
315-557: A Latin alphabet for the Russian language was discussed in 1929–30 during the campaign of latinisation of the languages of the USSR , when a special commission was created to propose a latinisation system for Russian. The letters of the Latin script are named in Russian as following (and are borrowed from French and/or German ): Fair Lawn, New Jersey#Ethnic diversity Fair Lawn
420-524: A few thousand citizens to emigrate to the United States. However, just as had happened 20 years prior, the USSR saw hundreds of thousands of its citizens emigrate to the United States during the 1970s. The Soviet Union then created the "diploma tax" which charged any person that had studied in Russia and was trying to emigrate a hefty fine. This was mainly done to deter Soviet Jews who tended to be scientists and other valued intellects from emigrating to Israel or
525-539: A global detective agency, is based in Fair Lawn. A. Zerega's Sons Inc., founded in 1848 in Brooklyn and currently based in Fair Lawn, describes itself as the fifth-largest pasta maker in the United States, producing 100 million pounds of pasta annually. The Filipino American Festival, a non-profit corporation describing its mission to include educating Filipino Americans to engage in community partnership,
630-472: A larger scale. Fair Lawn has a longstanding tradition of ethnic diversity and a tolerance for people of different ethnicities and religious faiths. Continuing steady immigration from Eurasia , Asia , Europe , and Latin America has transformed Fair Lawn into an international melting pot , and over 50 languages and dialects are spoken in the borough. Fair Lawn has been a center for Jewish culture over
735-881: A magnet for new immigrants from several regions around the world. The 2012 American Community Survey conducted by the Census Bureau showed a significant increase in the Asian American population, including the Asian Indian , Filipino American , Chinese American , Korean American , and Vietnamese American populations, and the Polish American population is also growing. The public library in Fair Lawn holds storytelling programs in Hindi and Hebrew languages, while Mandarin Chinese has been taught in
840-527: A movement to separate from Saddle River Township was born. Fair Lawn residents petitioned to the state, asking to incorporate as an independent borough, and in April 1924, the borough of Fair Lawn was voted into existence. Fair Lawn is home to the following eight sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Other sites, in addition to those listed above, are also considered historic by
945-635: A period spanning several decades. Since the early 2000s, the Orthodox Jewish population has been increasing significantly and has replaced the earlier decreases in members of the non-Orthodox Jewish sects. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian Jews began to migrate to Fair Lawn. Fair Lawn's Jewish American population has therefore maintained an at least one-third presence overall for several decades. Russian Jews were then followed by Russian Orthodox Christians. Over 10% of
1050-460: A post office, a railroad station, and a trolley to the Hudson River" (Images of America, Page 8). In the 1900s, Fair Lawn residents were displeased about the schooling situation as part of Saddle River Township; the schools were either dilapidated or too far away for Fair Lawn residents, and citizens felt that they were not getting schools comparable to the tax money they were paying. As such,
1155-616: A salary of $ 175,000; in his place, Deputy Mayor Cristina Cutrone took over as acting mayor. Gail Friedberg Rottenstrich was appointed as mayor in March 2024 and will serve the balance of the term of office as a mayor while Nathalie Salinas was appointed to fill the seat expiring in December 2027 that had been held by Peluso until his resignation; Peluso will serve on a interim basis until the November 2024 general election when voters will choose
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#17327661549431260-454: A sharp increase compared to 1.5% of the late Soviet era. This instability and bleak outcome prompted a large new wave of both political and economic emigration from Russia, and one of the major targets became the United States, which was experiencing an unprecedented stock market boom in 1995–2001. A notable part of the 1991—2001 immigration wave consisted of scientists and engineers who, faced with extremely poor job market at home coupled with
1365-556: A significantly higher wage in the US than in Russia. The number of Russian migrants with university educations is higher than that of US natives and other foreign born groups. 51% of lawful Russian migrants obtain permanent residence from immediate family member of US citizens, 20% obtain it from the Diversity Lottery, 18% obtain it through employment, 6% are family sponsored, and 5% are refugee and asylum seekers. The Soviet Union
1470-708: A state correctional facility. According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough had a total area of 5.22 square miles (13.53 km ), including 5.14 square miles (13.30 km ) of land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km ) of water (1.70%). The borough borders Paterson (in Passaic County , across the Passaic River) to the west; Hawthorne across Lincoln Avenue to the West; Glen Rock across Harristown Road, Maple Avenue,
1575-574: A suburb of New York City, Fair Lawn has a diverse population. The town has a high Jewish immigration population, as well as Muslim immigrants, including Albanian Americans and Macedonian Americans , as well as Latino Americans , including Peruvian Americans and Stateside Puerto Ricans , have settled in Fair Lawn's western flank, in the Memorial Park neighborhood between the River Road Improvement District and
1680-518: A year: 593,700 in 1891–1900, 1.6 million in 1901–1910, 868,000 in 1911–1914, and 43,000 in 1915–1917. The most prominent Russian groups that immigrated in this period were groups from Imperial Russia seeking freedom from religious persecution. These included Russian Jews , escaping the 1881–1882 pogroms , who moved to New York City and other coastal cities; the Spiritual Christians, treated as heretics at home, who settled largely in
1785-514: Is "A great place to visit and a better place to live." Fair Lawn has been rated as one of the top 10 best places to live in New Jersey. The first settlers of Fair Lawn were members of the Lenape tribe, of Native Americans , a group of hunter gatherers who eventually sold their land to incoming Dutch and Irish settlers and migrated to Pennsylvania. The new colonists turned the region, part of
1890-521: Is Fair Lawn Promenade (The Promenade), a mixed-use development extending northward from The Commons along Highway 208 North, consisting of apartments, shops, offices, and restaurants, with the motto to be able to "live, shop, work, and play" in one locale. These distinct communities are located throughout the borough, and each has its own character, making Fair Lawn not just ethnically, racially, and religiously diverse, but also an experientially diverse borough notable even amidst Bergen County's diversity on
1995-477: Is a borough in Bergen County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey , and a bedroom suburb located 12 miles (19 km) northwest of New York City . As of the 2020 United States census , the borough's population was 34,927, an increase of 2,470 (+7.6%) from the 2010 census count of 32,457, which in turn reflected an increase of 820 (+2.6%) from the 31,637 counted in the 2000 census . Fair Lawn
2100-613: Is a guideline. There are Russians who are considered second wave even if they arrived after 1922 up to 1948. During the Soviet era , emigration was prohibited, and limited to very few defectors and dissidents who immigrated to the United States of America and other Western Bloc countries for political reasons. Immigration to the US from Russia was also severely restricted via the National Origins formula introduced by
2205-413: Is concentrated in the council. At an annual reorganization meeting held after each election, the council selects a mayor, a deputy mayor, and a deputy mayor for community affairs from among its members. The mayor presides over its meetings with no separate policy-making power. A borough manager is appointed by the council to serve as the municipal chief executive and administrative official. As of 2024 ,
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#17327661549432310-411: Is decreasing as the descendants of the original Italian immigrants are being displaced by immigrants from around the globe. Fair Lawn's reputable school district , safe and well-policed neighborhoods, and the borough's convenient access to commercial centers and hospitals , a complex network of highways, transit lines , New York City, and Newark Liberty International Airport , have all made Fair Lawn
2415-463: Is headquartered in Fair Lawn. Columbia Bank (New Jersey), the fourth largest mutual financial institution in the United States, and the largest mutual bank domiciled within the State of New Jersey, is also headquartered in Fair Lawn. Thermal energy storage company CALMAC of Fair Lawn had performed about 4,000 commercial air-cooling installations in 37 countries by 2014. Danbee Investigations,
2520-608: Is headquartered in Fair Lawn. The company presents the annual Filipino-American Festival in Bergenfield in eastern Bergen County. Kuiken Brothers, a major supplier of residential and commercial building materials in the New York City metropolitan area, is headquartered in Fair Lawn. Fair Lawn Promenade is a mixed-use retail / residential / business complex that opened on April 1, 2014. It has shops, restaurants, condominium rooms, and offices. Businesses there include
2625-597: Is often carried out without any consistent standards. Scientific transliteration, also known as the International Scholarly System , is a system that has been used in linguistics since the 19th century. It is based on the Czech alphabet and formed the basis of the GOST and ISO systems. OST 8483 was the first Soviet standard on romanization of Russian, introduced on 16 October 1935. Developed by
2730-568: Is often referred to as the first wave, when discussing Soviet era immigration. The head of the Russian Provisional Government , Alexander Kerensky , was one of those immigrants. Since the immigrants were of the higher classes of the Russian Empire , they contributed significantly to American science and culture. Inventors Vladimir Zworykin , often referred to as "father of television", Alexander M. Poniatoff ,
2835-706: Is the main system of the Oxford University Press, and a variation was used by the British Library to catalogue publications acquired up to 1975. The Library of Congress system (ALA-LC) is used for newer acquisitions. The BGN/PCGN system is relatively intuitive for Anglophones to read and pronounce. In many publications, a simplified form of the system is used to render English versions of Russian names, typically converting ë to yo , simplifying -iy and -yy endings to -y , and omitting apostrophes for ъ and ь . It can be rendered using only
2940-534: The Communist regime , such as Vladimir Horowitz in 1925 or Ayn Rand in 1926, or were deported by it, such as Joseph Brodsky in 1972, or Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in 1974, some were communists themselves, and left in fear of prosecution, such as NKVD operative Alexander Orlov who escaped the purge in 1938 or Svetlana Alliluyeva , daughter of Joseph Stalin , who left in 1967. Some were diplomats and military personnel who defected to sell their knowledge, such as
3045-540: The Lautenberg Amendment passed in 1989 and renewed annually. Those who could claim family reunion could apply for the direct US visa, and were still receiving the political refugee status in the early 1990s. 50,716 citizens of ex-USSR were granted political refugee status by the United States in 1990, 38,661 in 1991, 61,298 in 1992, 48,627 in 1993, 43,470 in 1994, 35,716 in 1995 with the trend steadily dropping to as low as 1,394 refugees accepted in 2003. For
3150-677: The New Barbadoes Township , into five large farm lots, conjoined by two main roads—Paramus and Saddle River—and named it "slooterdam" (after a V-shaped sluice -like fishing weir built in the Passaic River by the Lenni Lenape). The name stuck until 1791. In the 1800s, these five lots became nine smaller lots, and three new roads—Fair Lawn Avenue, Lincoln Avenue, and Prospect Street—were constructed to encourage mobility between them. Eighty houses were built by 1861, and
3255-683: The Old Believers , persecuted as schismatics, arrived and settled in small groups in California, Oregon (particularly the Willamette Valley region), Pennsylvania , and New York. Immigrants of this wave include Irving Berlin , legend of American songwriting and André Tchelistcheff , influential Californian winemaker. World War I dealt a heavy blow to Russia. Between 1914 and 1918, starvation and poverty increased in all parts of Russian society, and soon many Russians questioned
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3360-988: The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922, many White émigrés also arrived, especially in New York, Philadelphia , and New England . Emigration from Russia subsequently became very restricted during the Soviet era (1917–1991). However, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War , immigration to the United States increased considerably. In several major US cities, many Jewish Americans who trace their heritage back to Russia and other Americans of East Slavic origin, such as Belarusian Americans and Rusyn Americans , sometimes identify as Russian Americans. Additionally, certain non-Slavic groups from
3465-568: The Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script ), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using
3570-666: The post-Soviet space , such as Armenian Americans , Georgian Americans , and Moldovan Americans , have a longstanding historical association with the Russian American community. According to the Institute of Modern Russia in 2011, the Russian American population is estimated to be 3.13 million. The American Community Survey of the US census shows the total number of people in the US age 5 and over speaking Russian at home to be slightly over 900,000, as of 2020. Many Russian Americans do not speak Russian , having been born in
3675-573: The 2010 Census and the 2013–2017 American Community Survey , Fair Lawn's Filipino population was estimated to have increased by more than 50% (from 626 in 2010 to 952 in 2013–2017). Given the established presence of Russian Americans in the borough, immigrant nationalities native to other republics of the Former Soviet Union , including Ukrainian Americans , Georgian Americans , Armenian Americans , and Uzbek Americans have also established an increasing presence in Fair Lawn. As
3780-560: The 49 counted in 2000. As of the 2000 United States census there were 31,637 people, 11,806 households, and 8,901 families residing in the borough. The population density was 6,121.0 inhabitants per square mile (2,363.3/km ). There were 12,006 housing units at an average density of 2,322.9 per square mile (896.9/km ). The racial makeup of the borough was 91.54% Caucasian, 4.92% Asian, 0.74% Black or African American, 0.04% Native American, 1.37% from other races, and 1.38% reporting two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5.51% of
3885-477: The 564) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of a five-member borough council. Members of the Borough Council serve four-year terms in office and are elected at-large in partisan elections in odd-numbered years on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election every other year as part of the November general election. All policy making power
3990-553: The American society. Most Russians in Alaska today are descendants of Russian settlers who came just before, during, and/or after Soviet era; two thirds of the population of town of Alaska named Nikolaevsk are descendants of recent Russian settlers who came in the 1960s. The first massive wave of immigration from all areas of Europe to the United States took place in the late 19th century. Although some immigration took place earlier –
4095-456: The British Library since 1975. The formal, unambiguous version of the system for bibliographic cataloguing requires some diacritics, two-letter tie characters , and prime marks. The standard is also often adapted as a "simplified" or "modified Library of Congress system" for use in text for a non-specialized audience, omitting the special characters and diacritics, simplifying endings, and modifying iotated initials. British Standard 2979:1958
4200-627: The Historic Sites Survey Committee of the Bergen County Historic Sites Advisory Board, including: In July 1982, an NJ Transit train derailed and crashed into a pasta factory, killing the train's engineer. The derailment resulted from a group of teens who had tampered with the tracks. Two of the five youths charged with the crime were convicted of manslaughter for their roles in the incident and were given five-year sentences in
4305-542: The Latin Alphabet is an adoption of ISO 9:1995 . It is the official standard of both Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). GOST 52535.1-2006 Identification cards. Machine readable travel documents. Part 1. Machine readable passports is an adoption of an ICAO standard for travel documents. It was used in Russian passports for a short period during 2010–2013 ( see below ). The standard
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4410-685: The National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography at the USSR Council of Ministers , GOST 16876-71 has been in service since 1973. Replaced by GOST 7.79-2000. This standard is an equivalent of GOST 16876-71 and was adopted as an official standard of the COMECON . GOST 7.79-2000 System of Standards on Information, Librarianship, and Publishing–Rules for Transliteration of the Cyrillic Characters Using
4515-660: The Passaic River, where there is also a small but stable African American population. The 2010 United States census counted 32,457 people, 11,930 households, and 8,971 families in the borough. The population density was 6,315.4 per square mile (2,438.4/km ). There were 12,266 housing units at an average density of 2,386.7 per square mile (921.5/km ). The racial makeup was 84.36% (27,380) White , 1.75% (567) Black or African American , 0.06% (20) Native American , 9.72% (3,154) Asian , 0.00% (1) Pacific Islander , 2.35% (762) from other races , and 1.77% (573) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.15% (3,296) of
4620-734: The Russian-American Company was Fort Ross , established in 1812 by Ivan Kuskov , some 50 miles (80 km) north of San Francisco , as an agricultural supply base for Russian America. It was part of the Russian-America Company, and consisted of four outposts, including Bodega Bay, the Russian River, and the Farallon Islands. There was never an established agreement made with the government of New Spain which produced great tension between
4725-595: The US Congress in 1921. The chaos and depression that plagued Europe following the conclusion of World War II drove many native Europeans to immigrate to the United States. After the war, there were about 7 million displaced persons ranging from various countries throughout continental Europe. Of these 7 million, 2 million were Russian citizens that were sent back to the USSR to be imprisoned, exiled, or even executed having been accused of going against their government and country. Roughly 20,000 Russian citizens immigrated to
4830-441: The US as their destination, where they received the status of political refugees . This lasted for about a decade, until very early 1980s. Emigrants included the family of Google co-founder Sergey Brin , which moved to the US in 1979, citing the impossibility of an advanced scientific career for a Jew. By the 1970s, relations between the USSR and the United States began to improve and the USSR relaxed its emigration ban, permitting
4935-634: The US that occurred during that period, a large number of Russians immigrated primarily for economic opportunities. These groups mainly settled in coastal cities, including Brooklyn (New York City) on the East Coast , and Los Angeles , San Francisco , Portland, Oregon , and various cities in Alaska , on the West Coast , as well as in Great Lakes cities, such as Chicago and Cleveland . After
5040-423: The US to further their careers: ballet stars Mikhail Baryshnikov in 1974 and Alexander Godunov in 1979, composer Maxim Shostakovich in 1981, hockey star Alexander Mogilny in 1989 and the entire Russian Five later, gymnast Vladimir Artemov in 1990, glam metal band Gorky Park in 1987, and many others. With perestroika , a mass Jewish emigration restarted in 1987. The numbers grew very sharply, leading to
5145-425: The USSR for the United States to do so, with a cap on the number of citizens allowed to leave per year. The Jackson-Vanik amendment made it possible for the religious minorities of the USSR such as Roman-Catholics, Evangelical Christians, and Jews to emigrate to the United States. It effectively kept emigration from the USSR to the United States open and as a result, from 1980 to 2008 some 1 million people emigrated from
5250-591: The United States and brought up in English-speaking homes. In 2007, however, Russian was the primary spoken language of 851,174 Americans at home, according to the US census. According to the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard University , 750,000 Russian Americans were ethnic Russians in 1990. The New York City metropolitan area has historically been the leading metropolitan gateway for Russian immigrants legally admitted into
5355-486: The United States forbidding entry to those emigrating from the USSR on Israeli visa, starting October 1, 1989. Israel withheld sending visa invitations from the beginning of 1989 claiming technical difficulties. After that the bulk of Jewish emigration went to Israel, nearing a million people in the following decade. However, the conditions for Soviet refugees belonging to several religious minorities - including Jews, Baptists, Pentecostalists, and Greek Catholics - were eased by
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#17327661549435460-416: The United States immediately following the conclusion of the war. Following the war, tensions between the United States and the then Soviet Union began to rise to lead to the USSR placing an immigration ban on its citizens in 1952. The immigration ban effectively prevented any citizen or person under the USSR from immigrating to the United States. This came after a large percentage of Russian immigrants left for
5565-414: The United States specifically leaving the USSR embarrassed at the high percentage of Russian citizens emigrating. After the immigration ban was placed into effect, any Russian citizen that attempted to or planned to leave Russia was stripped of citizenship, barred from having any contact with any remaining relatives in the USSR, and would even make it illegal for that individual's name to be spoken. Some fled
5670-478: The United States. Brighton Beach, Brooklyn continues to be the most important demographic and cultural center for the Russian American experience. However, as Russian Americans have climbed in socioeconomic status , the diaspora from Russia and other former Soviet-bloc states has moved toward more affluent parts of the New York metropolitan area, notably Bergen County , New Jersey . Within Bergen County,
5775-510: The United States. In early 2023, the Biden administration resumed deportations of Russians who had fled Russia due to mobilization and political persecution . Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the persecution of Russian citizens who disagree with the policies of Russian leader Vladimir Putin has increased significantly. For example, in early 2024, ballet dancer Ksenia Karelina , a dual American-Russian citizen and resident of Los Angeles,
5880-632: The War's purpose and the government's competency. The war intensified anti-Semitic sentiment. Jews were accused of disloyalty and expelled from areas in and near war zones. Furthermore, much of the fighting between Russia, and Austria and Germany took place in Western Russia in the Jewish Pale of Settlement . World War I uprooted half a million Russian Jews. Because of the upheavals of World War I, immigration dwindled between 1914 and 1917. But after
5985-536: The West. Due to the USSR suppressing its citizens from fleeing the USSR, the United States passed the Jackson-Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974 . The amendment stipulated that the United States would review the record of human rights before permitting any special trade agreements with countries with non-market economies. As a result, the USSR was pressured into allowing those citizens that wanted to flee
6090-731: The Western United States in the cities of Los Angeles , San Francisco, and Portland, Oregon ; two large groups of Shtundists who moved to Virginia and the Dakotas , and mostly between 1874 and 1880 German-speaking Anabaptists , Russian Mennonites and Hutterites , who left the Russian Empire and settled mainly in Kansas (Mennonites), the Dakota Territory , and Montana (Hutterites). Finally in 1908–1910,
6195-400: The average family size was 3.12. In the borough the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males. The median income for a household in
6300-427: The basic letters and punctuation found on English-language keyboards: no diacritics or unusual letters are required, although the interpunct character (·) may be used to avoid ambiguity. This particular standard is part of the BGN/PCGN romanization system which was developed by the United States Board on Geographic Names and by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use . The portion of
6405-409: The borough include: Other neighborhoods in the borough include "Fair Lawn Commons" (The Commons) off Route 208, located within the Radburn Historical District, yet which has a separate, more affluent feel and modern look and subculture; Radburn's El Dorado Village, which is known for its Eastern European immigrant residents; and just to its west, the "Chandler Houses". Fair Lawn's newest neighborhood
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#17327661549436510-524: The borough was $ 72,127, and the median income for a family was $ 81,220. Males had a median income of $ 56,798 versus $ 41,300 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 32,273. About 2.6% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. Businesses headquartered or located in Fair Lawn include: A major cookie/bakery/office operation of Nabisco / Mondelēz International , located along Route 208 North, had been
6615-400: The borough's largest employer and taxpayer for more than 60 years, until its shutdown was announced in 2021 when the company sent termination notices to employees. Demolition of the plant, which had opened in 1958 and produced as many as 175 million pounds (79 million kilograms) of cookies annually, began in January 2023. U.S. Technologies, a high-precision electronics corporation,
6720-414: The borough's population is of Russian descent, the highest of any community in New Jersey, and increasing with continued migration of Russian Americans from Brooklyn . The size of Fair Lawn's Russian American presence prompted a 2014 April Fool's satire titled, " Putin Moves Against Fair Lawn", which erroneously claimed the Russian country was sending its troops directly to Fair Lawn. Fair Lawn also has
6825-465: The city such as BP America and General Electric Co. Other Russian and later post-Soviet immigrants found work in the Cleveland Orchestra or the Cleveland Institute of Music as professional musicians and singers. The slow Brezhnev stagnation of the 1970s and Mikhail Gorbachev 's following political reforms since the mid-1980s prompted an increase of economic immigration to the United States, where artists and athletes defected or legally emigrated to
6930-400: The first planned communities in the United States, is an unincorporated community located within Fair Lawn and was founded in 1929 as "a town for the motor age." Fair Lawn is home to a large number of commuters to New York City , to which it is connected by train from two railroad stations on NJ Transit 's Bergen County Line , the Radburn and Broadway stations. Fair Lawn's motto
7035-399: The first East Coast location of The Habit Burger Grill . Fair Lawn has one of the original organized street hockey /DekHockey programs in the state. The Fair Lawn Flyers competed in the first national street hockey championships in 1976 in Leominster, Massachusetts . Fair Lawn Lanes includes 32 bowling lanes, an arcade, and a lounge. Parks in Fair Lawn include: Dietch's Kiddie Zoo
7140-401: The first time in history, Russians became a notable part of illegal immigration to the United States . With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent transition to free market economy came hyperinflation and a series of political and economic crises of the 1990s, culminating in the financial crash of 1998 . By mid-1993 between 39% and 49% of Russians were living in poverty ,
7245-560: The former Soviet Union to the United States. The 1970s witnessed 51,000 Soviet Jews emigrate to the United States, a majority after the Trade Agreement of 1974 was passed. The majority of the Soviet Jews that emigrated to the United States went to Cleveland. Here, chain migration began to unfold as more Soviet Jews emigrated after the 1970s, concentrating in the eastern suburbs of Cleveland. The majority of Soviet Jews that had arrived were educated and held college degrees. These new immigrants would go onto work in important industrial businesses in
7350-448: The founder of Ampex , and Alexander Lodygin , arrived with this wave. The US military benefited greatly with the arrival of such inventors as Igor Sikorsky (who invented the practical Helicopter ), Vladimir Yourkevitch , and Alexander Procofieff de Seversky . Sergei Rachmaninoff and Igor Stravinsky are by many considered to be among the greatest composers ever to live in the United States of America. The novelist Vladimir Nabokov ,
7455-515: The government unwilling to index fixed salaries according to inflation or even to make salary payments on time, left to pursue their careers abroad. This coincided with the surge of hi-tech industry in the United States, creating a strong brain drain effect. According to the National Science Foundation , there were 20,000 Russian scientists working in the United States in 2003, and the Russian software engineers were responsible for 30% of Microsoft products in 2002. Skilled professionals often command
7560-864: The highest percentage of people claiming Russian ancestry are: US communities with the most residents born in Russia Top US communities with the most residents born in Russia are: Apart from such settlements as Brighton Beach, Brooklyn , concentrations of Russian Americans can be found in Bergen County, New Jersey ; Queens ; Staten Island ; Anchorage, Alaska ; Baltimore ; Boston ; The Bronx ; other parts of Brooklyn ; Chicago ; Cleveland ; Detroit ; Los Angeles ; Beverly Hills ; Miami ; Milwaukee ; Minneapolis ; Palm Beach ; Houston ; Dallas ; Orlando ; Philadelphia ; Pittsburgh ; Portland, Oregon ; Sacramento ; San Francisco ; Raleigh and Research Triangle Region North Carolina , and Seattle . Romanization of Russian The romanization of
7665-520: The increasing size of the Russian immigrant presence in its hub of Fair Lawn prompted a 2014 April Fool's satire titled, " Putin Moves Against Fair Lawn". Sometimes, Carpatho-Rusyns and Ukrainians who emigrated from Carpathian Ruthenia in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century identify as Russian Americans. More recent émigrés would often refer to this group as the starozhili 'old residents'. This group became
7770-496: The introduction of a dedicated Latin alphabet for writing the Russian language. Such an alphabet would not necessarily bind closely to the traditional Cyrillic orthography. The transition from Cyrillic to Latin has been proposed several times throughout history (especially during the Soviet era), but was never conducted on a large scale, except for informal romanizations in the computer era. The most serious possibility of adoption of
7875-482: The largest Israeli American community in Bergen County . On November 22, 2015, the Jewish Historical Society of North Jersey celebrated the grand opening of a permanent home at 17-10 River Road in Fair Lawn, after being housed at various locations, mostly in neighboring Paterson, for decades. Fair Lawn has historically had a large Italian American population, 19.7% in 2000, but this number
7980-420: The largest Eastern European and East Slavic population in the US, the second-largest Slavic population generally, the nineteenth-largest ancestry group overall, and the eleventh-largest from Europe. In the mid-19th century, waves of Russian immigrants fleeing religious persecution settled in the US, including Russian Jews and Spiritual Christians . From 1880 to 1917, within the wave of European immigration to
8085-584: The members of the Borough Council are acting Mayor Gail Friedberg Rottenstrich ( D , term as mayor and on committee ends December 31, 2025), Deputy Mayor Cristina Cutrone (D, term on council ends 2027; term as deputy mayor ends 2025), Deputy Mayor of Community Affairs Joshua Reinitz (D, term on council and as deputy mayor ends 2025), Kris Krause (D, 2027) and Nathalie Salinas (D, 2027; appointed to serve an unexpired term). Kurt Peluso stepped down from office in February 2024 to take office as borough manager at
8190-502: The most notable example being Ivan Turchaninov , who immigrated in 1856 and became a United States Army brigadier general during the Civil War– millions traveled to the new world in the last decade of the 19th century, some for political reasons, some for economic reasons, and some for a combination of both. Between 1820 and 1870 only 7,550 Russians immigrated to the United States, but starting with 1881, immigration rate exceeded 10,000
8295-484: The new system and the old one, citizens who wanted to retain the old version of a name's transliteration, especially one that had been in the old pre-2010 passport, could apply to the local migration office before they acquired a new passport. The standard was abandoned in 2013. In 2013, Order No. 320 of the Federal Migration Service of Russia came into force. It states that all personal names in
8400-534: The northern border of the former Nabisco plant and its extension north of Garwood Road and Naugle Drive to the north; Ridgewood across the Saddle River to the northeast; Paramus across the Saddle River to the east; Rochelle Park across another point in the Saddle River to the southeast; with Saddle Brook across the two longer portions of South Broadway and their extensions through Rosario Court to
8505-509: The passports must be transliterated by using the ICAO system , which is published in Doc 9303 " Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 3 ". The system differs from the GOST R 52535.1-2006 system in two things: ц is transliterated into ts (as in pre-2010 systems), ъ is transliterated into ie (a novelty). In a second sense, the romanization or Latinization of Russian may also indicate
8610-493: The pillar of the Russian Orthodox Church in America . Today, most of this group has become assimilated into the local society, with ethnic traditions continuing to survive primarily around the church. Russian-born population in the US since 2010: The median household income in 2017 for Americans of Russian descent is estimated by the US census as $ 80,554. The territory that today is the US state of Alaska
8715-416: The pilots Viktor Belenko in 1976 and Aleksandr Zuyev in 1989. Following the international condemnation of the Soviet reaction to Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair in 1970, the Soviet Union temporarily loosened emigration restrictions for Jewish emigrants, which allowed nearly 250,000 people leave the country, escaping covert antisemitism. Some went to Israel, especially at the beginning, but most chose
8820-432: The population were under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 88.9 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income
8925-411: The population. There were 11,806 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and
9030-419: The population. Of the 11,930 households, 33.3% had children under the age of 18; 62.7% were married couples living together; 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present and 24.8% were non-families. Of all households, 21.3% were made up of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.17. 22.0% of
9135-491: The renamed Small Lots, now a part of the Saddle River Township and home to multiple vegetable and fruit farms and dairies, became an agricultural community. Berdan Avenue, a new road located near five Berdan family farms, was soon added and Victorian homes were built alongside it and in nearby areas. The grandest of the estates, perched atop a hill by Small Lots Road was David Acker's estate "Fairlawn", from which
9240-441: The school district since the 2007–2008 school year. Fair Lawn's first annual Hindu Holi festival was held in 2022. A number of places for congregation cater to different nationalities in Fair Lawn, including three Korean churches , one Taiwanese church, Young Israel of Fair Lawn, Saint Leon Armenian Church, and the (Italian American) Cosmos Club of Fair Lawn. Several Filipino organizations are based in Fair Lawn. Between
9345-503: The south; and Elmwood Park across the Bergen County Line , New Jersey Route 4 (Broadway), Cyril Avenue and Willow Street to the south. The hills of Wyckoff are visible from the northern neighborhoods of Fair Lawn. Fair Lawn is an incorporated collection of diverse neighborhoods, each with its own distinct character and vibe. Unincorporated communities , localities and place names located partially or completely within
9450-502: The system pertaining to the Russian language was adopted by BGN in 1944 and by PCGN in 1947. In Soviet international passports , transliteration was based on French rules but without diacritics and so all names were transliterated in a French-style system . In 1997, with the introduction of new Russian passports , a diacritic-free English-oriented system was established by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs , but
9555-447: The system was also abandoned in 2010. In 2006, GOST R 52535.1-2006 was adopted, which defines technical requirements and standards for Russian international passports and introduces its own system of transliteration. In 2010, the Federal Migration Service of Russia approved Order No. 26, stating that all personal names in the passports issued after 2010 must be transliterated using GOST R 52535.1-2006. Because of some differences between
9660-481: The township gets its name (Images of America, Page 7). Rapid suburban development of the town occurred in three sections: the River Road–Fair Lawn Avenue area known as "Memorial Park", the area at Lincoln Avenue and Wagaraw Road known as "Columbus Heights", and the area east of the railroad and south of Broadway, known as Warren Point. The development of this section was catalyzed by the "establishment of
9765-606: The two countries. Spain claimed the land but had never established a colony there. The well-armed Russian fort prevented Spain from removing the Russians living there. Without the Russians' hospitality, the Spanish colony would have been abandoned because their supplies had been lost when Spanish supply ships sank in a large storm off the South American coast. After the independence of Mexico , tensions were reduced and trade
9870-671: The use of diacritics) that faithfully represents the original and allows for reverse transliteration for Cyrillic text in any contemporary language. The UNGEGN , a Working Group of the United Nations , in 1987 recommended a romanization system for geographical names, which was based on the 1983 version of GOST 16876-71 . It may be found in some international cartographic products. American Library Association and Library of Congress (ALA-LC) romanization tables for Slavic alphabets are used in North American libraries and in
9975-478: The violinist Jasha Heifetz , and the actor Yul Brynner also left Russia in this period. As with first and second wave, if the White émigré left Russia to any country, they were still considered first or second wave, even if they ended up moving to another country, including the US at a later time. There was no 'strict' year boundaries, but a guideline to have a better understanding of the time period. Thus, 1917-1922
10080-508: The war, hundreds of thousands of Jews began leaving Europe and Russia again for the US, modern-day Israel and other countries where they hoped to start a new life. A large wave of Russians immigrated in the short time period of 1917–1922, in the wake of October Revolution and Russian Civil War . This group is known collectively as the White émigrés . The US was the third largest destination for those immigrants, after France and Serbia. This wave
10185-484: Was $ 92,727 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 4,701) and the median family income was $ 112,650 (+/− $ 5,760). Males had a median income of $ 70,990 (+/− $ 3,246) versus $ 54,358 (+/− $ 2,815) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 40,146 (+/− $ 1,700). About 2.1% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over. Same-sex couples headed 64 households in 2010, an increase from
10290-610: Was a children's zoo that opened in 1951. It also included kiddie rides and a train ride. The zoo closed in 1967. Fair Lawn operates within the Faulkner Act (formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law) under the Council-Manager plan E form of New Jersey municipal government, as implemented as of January 1, 1986, based on direct petition. The borough is one of 42 municipalities (of
10395-610: Was a sports empire, and many prominent Russian sportspeople found great acclaim and rewards for their skills in the United States. Examples are Anna Kournikova , Maria Sharapova , Alexander Ovechkin , Alexandre Volchkov , and Andrei Kirilenko . Nastia Liukin was born in Moscow, but came to America with her parents as a young child, and developed as a champion gymnast in the US. On 27 September 2022, White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre encouraged Russian men fleeing their home country to avoid being drafted to apply for asylum in
10500-625: Was arrested while visiting family in Russia and charged with treason for sending $ 51.80 to Razom , a New York City -based nonprofit organization that sends humanitarian assistance to Ukraine . She initially faced life in prison, but pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 12 years in prison. In July 2024, Russian-American journalist Alsu Kurmasheva was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison for spreading "false information" about Russia's military operations in Ukraine. Communities with high percentages of people of Russian ancestry The top US communities with
10605-616: Was established with the new government of Mexican California . Russian America was not a profitable colony because of high transportation costs and the declining animal population. After it was purchased by the United States in 1867, most Russian settlers went back to Russia, but some resettled in southern Alaska and California. Included in these were the first miners and merchants of the California gold rush . All descendants of Russian settlers from Russian Empire, including mixed-race with partial Alaska Native blood, totally assimilated to
10710-582: Was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 6, 1924, as "Fairlawn", from portions of Saddle River Township . The name was taken from Fairlawn , David Acker's estate home, that was built in 1865 and later became the Fair Lawn Municipal Building. In 1933, the official spelling of the borough's name was split into its present two-word form as "Fair Lawn" Borough. Radburn , one of
10815-541: Was settled by Russians and controlled by the Russian Empire ; Russian settlers include ethnic Russians but also Russified Ukrainians, Russified Romanians (from Bessarabia), and Indigenous Siberians , including Yupik , Mongolic peoples , Chukchi , Koryaks , Itelmens , and Ainu . Georg Anton Schäffer of the Russian-American Company built three forts in Kauai , Hawaii . The southernmost such post of
10920-458: Was substituted in 2013 by GOST R ISO/ IEC 7501-1-2013, which does not contain romanization, but directly refers to the ICAO romanization ( see below ). Names on street and road signs in the Soviet Union were romanized according to GOST 10807-78 (tables 17, 18), which was amended by newer Russian GOST R 52290-2004 (tables Г.4, Г.5), the romanizations in both the standards are practically identical. ISO/R 9, established in 1954 and updated in 1968,
11025-570: Was the adoption of the scientific transliteration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It covers Russian and seven other Slavic languages. ISO 9:1995 is the current transliteration standard from ISO. It is based on its predecessor ISO/R 9:1968, which it deprecates; for Russian, the two are the same except in the treatment of five modern letters. ISO 9:1995 is the first language-independent, univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by
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