The World Health Report ( WHR ) is a series of annual reports produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). First published in 1995, the World Health Report is WHO's leading publication. The reports were published every year from 1995 to 2008, and again in 2010 and 2013. The reports are available in multiple languages, and include an expert assessment of a specific global health topic, relating to all countries that are Member States of the organization.
39-585: WHR may refer to: In health and wellness [ edit ] World Health Report , flagship publication of the World Health Organization Waist–hip ratio , a ratio of the circumference of the waist to the hips Waist-height ratio , a ratio of the circumference of the waist to the height. (In US usage, the form "waist-to-height" and the abbreviation WtHR, are more common.) In transportation [ edit ] West Horndon railway station ,
78-826: A mainline station in Essex, England Welsh Highland Railway in North Wales West Highland Line (West Highland Railway) in West Scotland Wells Harbour Railway in Norfolk Whittingham Hospital Railway in Lancashire, England Other [ edit ] Whirlpool Corporation (New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol) World hotel rating , a hotel rating and labeling system Waste heat recovery Topics referred to by
117-722: A major role in population health. Family planning is one of the most highly cost-effective interventions in medicine. Family planning saves lives and money by reducing unintended pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted infections . For example, the United States Agency for International Development lists as benefits of its international family planning program: There are three main kinds of population-based approaches to mental health: health care system interventions; public health practice interventions; and social, economic, and environmental policy interventions. Health care system interventions are mediated by
156-596: A million women die in pregnancy , childbirth or soon after. The report said that reducing this toll in line with the Millennium Development Goals would depend largely on every mother and every child having the right to access to health care from pregnancy through childbirth, the neonatal period and childhood. The topic of the World Health Report 2004 was the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. The World health report 2003 examined
195-421: A population health perspective, health has been defined not simply as a state free from disease but as "the capacity of people to adapt to, respond to, or control life's challenges and changes". The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Healthy People 2020
234-540: A value-based reimbursement approach, which places financial incentives around patient outcomes and has drastically changed the way US hospitals must conduct business to remain financially viable. In addition to focusing on improving patient experience of care and reducing costs, hospitals must also focus on improving the health of populations (IHI Triple Aim ). As participation in value-based reimbursement models such as accountable care organizations (ACOs) increases, these initiatives will help drive population health. Within
273-552: Is a web site sponsored by the US Department of Health and Human Services , representing the cumulative effort of 34 years of interest by the Surgeon General's office and others. It identifies 42 topics considered social determinants of health and approximately 1200 specific goals considered to improve population health. It provides links to the current research available for selected topics and identifies and supports
312-542: Is considered broader than disease management in that it also includes "intensive care management for individuals at the highest level of risk" and "personal health management... for those at lower levels of predicted health risk". Many PHM-related articles are published in Population Health Management , the official journal of DMAA: The Care Continuum Alliance . The following road map has been suggested for helping healthcare organizations navigate
351-488: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages World Health Report The main purpose of the WHR is to provide policymakers, donor agencies, international organizations and others with the information they need to help them make appropriate health policy and funding decisions. However, the report is also accessible to a wider audience, such as universities, journalists and
390-499: Is healthy, given that conditions such as heart disease , ulcers , type 2 diabetes , rheumatoid arthritis , certain types of cancer , and premature aging are present in all socioeconomic levels. Despite the reality of the SES Gradient , there is debate as to its cause. A number of researchers (A. Leigh, C. Jencks, A. Clarkwest—see also Russell Sage working papers) see a definite link between economic status and mortality due to
429-648: Is ongoing debate as to the relative contributions of race, gender, poverty, education level and place to these variations. The Office of Epidemiology of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau recommends using an analytic approach (Fixed Effects or hybrid Fixed Effects) to research on health disparities to reduce the confounding effects of neighborhood (geographic) variables on the outcomes. Population health has been subject to ongoing critiques and its assumptions. Family planning programs (including contraceptives , sexuality education , and promotion of safe sex ) play
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#1732765004682468-554: Is through population health management (PHM), which has been defined as "the technical field of endeavor which utilizes a variety of individual, organizational and cultural interventions to help improve the morbidity patterns (i.e., the illness and injury burden) and the health care use behavior of defined populations". PHM is distinguished from disease management by including more chronic conditions and diseases, by use of "a single point of contact and coordination", and by " predictive modeling across multiple clinical conditions". PHM
507-413: The global health situation and some of the major threats to health. The report advocated that major improvements in health for all were within reach, and that progress depended on collaboration among governments, international institutions, the private sector and civil society to build stronger health systems. The World health report 2002 described the amount of disease , disability and death in
546-447: The health of an entire human population. It has been described as consisting of three components. These are "health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies and interventions ". A priority considered important in achieving the aim of population health is to reduce health inequities or disparities among different population groups due to, among other factors, the social determinants of health (SDOH). The SDOH include all
585-414: The 38 OECD countries, region, or equivalent large subnational entities, is the predominant geographic level for both mortality and morbidity indicators. Health indicator availability at smaller geographies was sparse, and varied considerably by geographic definition, health indicator, age range of population and years available. In all cases, geographic boundaries used only administrative definitions. There
624-495: The ACO model, hospitals have to meet specific quality benchmarks, focus on prevention, and carefully manage patients with chronic diseases. Providers get paid more for keeping their patients healthy and out of the hospital. Studies have shown that inpatient admission rates have dropped over the past ten years in communities that were early adopters of the ACO model and implemented population health measures to treat "less sick" patients in
663-476: The Grossman model. Health can be considered both an investment good and consumption good. Factors such as obesity and smoking have negative effects on health capital, while education, wage rate, and age may also impact health capital. When people are healthier through preventative care, they have the potential to live a longer and healthier life, work more and participate in the economy, and produce more based on
702-479: The causes of ill-health and the interventions needed to improve health and wellbeing, as well as health services research , focusing on how to expand service coverage and reduce inequities in coverage. The World Health Report 2010 focused on the topic of universal health care coverage , and how countries can modify their financing systems to move towards this goal. The report provided an action agenda for countries at all stages of development, and proposed ways that
741-573: The classic efforts of public health agencies by addressing a broader range of factors shown to impact the health of different populations. The World Health Organization 's Commission on Social Determinants of Health reported in 2008 that the SDOH factors were responsible for the bulk of diseases and injuries, and that these were the major causes of health inequities in all countries. In the US, SDOH were estimated to account for 70% of avoidable mortality. From
780-503: The estimated shortage of almost 4.3 million doctors, nurses, midwives, and other health human resources worldwide, calling the situation a "global health workforce crisis". The report laid out a ten-year action plan for building national health workforces through better training, recruitment and management processes. The World Health Report 2005 focused on the fact that almost 11 million children under five years of age die annually from causes that are largely preventable, and another half
819-630: The fact that all civil servants in England have the same access to health care, there was a strong correlation between social status and health. The studies found that this relationship stayed strong even when controlling for health-affecting habits such as exercise , smoking and drinking . Furthermore, it has been noted that no amount of medical attention will help decrease the likelihood of someone getting type 1 diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis —yet both are more common among populations with lower socioeconomic status. Lastly, it has been found that amongst
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#1732765004682858-402: The factors (social, environmental, cultural and physical) that the different populations are born into, grow up, and function with throughout their lifetimes which potentially have a measurable impact on the health of human populations. The population health concept represents a change in the focus from the individual-level, characteristic of most mainstream medicine . It also seeks to complement
897-421: The globe. This includes the U.S., with the addition of health care utilization & costs geographic variation, down to the level of Hospital Referral Regions (defined as a regional health care market, which may cross state boundaries, of which there are 306 in the U.S.). However, data availability of health indicators for sub-national geographies is limited in both number, data source and geographic scale. Across
936-610: The greater economic resources of the better-off, but they find little correlation due to social status differences. Other researchers such as Richard G. Wilkinson , J. Lynch, and G.A. Kaplan have found that socioeconomic status strongly affects health even when controlling for economic resources and access to health care. Most famous for linking social status with health are the Whitehall studies —a series of studies conducted on civil servants in London . The studies found that, despite
975-503: The health care system and hospital leaders. Examples of these interventions include enhancing the efficacy of clinical mental health services, providing consultations and training for community partners, and sharing aggregate health data to inform policy, practice, and planning for public mental health. Public health practice interventions are mediated by public health department officials. These interventions include advocating for policy changes, initiating public service announcements to reduce
1014-549: The health of human populations. David H. Abbott at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center found that among many primate species, less egalitarian social structures correlated with higher levels of stress hormones among socially subordinate individuals. Research by Robert Sapolsky of Stanford University provides similar findings. There is well-documented variation in health outcomes by geographic variation in many countries around
1053-406: The international community can better support efforts in low-income countries to achieve universal coverage and improve population health outcomes. The theme of the World Health Report 2008 was the renewal of primary health care , and the need for health systems to respond better and faster to the health care challenges of a changing world. The main concern of the World Health Report 2007
1092-400: The last few years, more effort has been directed towards developing telehealth services, community-based clinics in areas with high proportion of residents using the emergency department as primary care, and patient care coordinator roles to coordinate healthcare services across the care continuum. Health can be considered a capital good; health capital is part of human capital as defined by
1131-493: The many diseases associated with the SES gradient . Higher levels of economic inequality tend to intensify social hierarchies and generally degrades the quality of social relations—leading to greater levels of stress and stress related diseases. Richard Wilkinson found this to be true not only for the poorest members of society, but also for the wealthiest. Economic inequality is bad for everyone's health. Inequality does not only affect
1170-426: The need for community involvement considered essential to address these problems realistically. Recently, there has been increasing interest from epidemiologists on the subject of economic inequality and its relation to the health of populations. There is a very robust correlation between socioeconomic status and health . This correlation suggests that it is not only the poor who tend to be sick when everyone else
1209-588: The outpatient setting. A study conducted in the Chicago area showed a decline in inpatient utilization rates across all age groups, which was an average of a 5% overall drop in inpatient admissions. Hospitals are finding it financially advantageous to focus on population health management and keeping people in the community well. The goal of population health management is to improve patient outcomes and increase health capital. Other goals include preventing disease, closing care gaps, and cost savings for providers. In
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1248-592: The path toward implementing effective population health management: Healthcare reform is driving change to traditional hospital reimbursement models. Prior to the introduction of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) , hospitals were reimbursed based on the volume of procedures through fee-for-service models. Under the PPACA, reimbursement models are shifting from volume to value. New reimbursement models are built around pay for performance ,
1287-759: The public at large. It is expected that anyone, with a professional or personal interest in international health issues, will be able to read and take use of it.. Each WHR addresses a different theme. The following is a list of reports and themes. The World Health Report 2013 focuses on the importance of research in advancing progress towards universal health care coverage – in other words, full access to high-quality services for prevention, treatment and financial risk protection. The report advocates for increased international and national investment in research aimed specifically at improving coverage of health services within and between countries. Examples of required research include medical research , or investigating
1326-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title WHR . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WHR&oldid=1166139967 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1365-523: The stigma of mental illness, and conducting outreach to increase the accessibility of community mental health resources. Elected officials and administrative policy makers implement social, economic, and environmental policy interventions. These can include reducing financial and housing insecurity , changing the built environment to increase urban green space and decrease nighttime noise pollution , and reducing structural stigma directed at those with mental illness. One method to improve population health
1404-461: The wealthiest quarter of countries on earth (a set stretching from Luxembourg to Slovakia ) there is no relation between a country's wealth and general population health —suggesting that past a certain level, absolute levels of wealth have little impact on population health, but relative levels within a country do. The concept of psychosocial stress attempts to explain how psychosocial phenomena such as status and social stratification can lead to
1443-515: The world that could be attributed to a selected number of the most important risks to human health . It projected how much this burden could lowered in the next 20 years if the same risk factors were reduced. The largely neglected area of mental health was the core focus of the World health report 2001 . The World Health Report 2000 introduced a conceptual framework and measurement approach to examine and compare aspects of health systems around
1482-430: The world, and better understand the complex factors that explain how health systems perform. The report provided an assessment of the performance of national health systems for all countries. Population health Population health has been defined as "the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group". It is an approach to health that aims to improve
1521-423: Was how the world is at increasing risk of disease outbreaks, epidemics , industrial accidents, natural disasters and other health emergencies which can rapidly become threats to global public health security. The report described how the new International Health Regulations help countries to work together to identify risks and act to contain and control them. The World Health Report 2006 (WHR2006) highlighted
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