28-703: Wallaroo Mines is a suburb of the inland town of Kadina on the Yorke Peninsula in the Copper Coast Council area. It was named for the land division in which it was established in 1860, the Hundred of Wallaroo , as was the nearby coastal town of Wallaroo . The boundaries were formally gazetted in January 1999 for "the long established name". With the arrival of British pioneers in the late 1830s and 1840s, pastoralists began grazing livestock in
56-491: A distinct historic locality or hamlet. These are: Jericho , Jerusalem , Matta Flat , New Town and Wallaroo Mines as well as central Kadina itself. Kadina East was previously a gazetted suburb east of Kadina's centre, later merged into Kadina itself. The Narungga are the group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands include what is now termed Yorke Peninsula in South Australia . The name "Kadina"
84-716: A large exodus from the district. It remained in restricted operations through much of the 1880s. Wallaroo Mines Post Office opened on 1 July 1890. In 1889–90, the Wallaroo and Moonta Mines merged to form the Wallaroo and Moonta Mining and Smelting Company , becoming the largest industrial operation in South Australia. Prior to their amalgamation, the Wallaroo Mine had produced 491,934 tonnes of copper, valued at £2,229,096, with dividends of £430,254. The production of
112-491: A municipality by establishment of the Corporate Town of Kadina . By 1875, the population had increased to 20,000, mostly composed of Cornish miners. In 1907 the adjacent Government Town of Kadina East was surveyed west of Eliza Terrace to cope with the need to house the growing population of the town. Mining at Kadina ceased completely in 1938, and the rail lines fell into disuse and were closed in 1989. Kadina has
140-716: A number of heritage-listed sites, including: Kadina has a semi-arid climate ( Köppen: BSk), with moderately hot, dry summers and cool, wetter winters. The town is above Goyder's Line , and is surrounded by mallee scrub. It is located 8 km (5.0 mi) inland and 44 m (144 ft) above sea level. Temperatures vary throughout the year, with average maxima ranging from 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) in January to 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) in July, and average minima fluctuating between 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) in February and 5.7 °C (42.3 °F) in July. Annual precipitation
168-517: Is a self-guided walking trail around the former Wallaroo Mines site. The former Harvey's Pumping Station (also known as Harvey's Enginehouse), dating from 1874, is the last of the former mine pumping stations to survive, and is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register . The Kadina Heritage Trail also notes the site of an 1860 pioneer cemetery, the site of the former Methodist Church, the former police residence,
196-530: Is a town on the Yorke Peninsula of the Australian state of South Australia , approximately 144 kilometres north-northwest of the state capital of Adelaide . The largest town of the Peninsula, Kadina is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famous for their shared copper mining history. The three towns are known as "Little Cornwall" for the significant number of immigrants from Cornwall who worked at
224-409: Is rather low, averaging 388.6 mm (15.30 in) between 92.3 precipitation days. There are 122.3 clear days and 102.6 cloudy days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 47.9 °C (118.2 °F) on 24 January 2019 to −2.9 °C (26.8 °F) on 30 August 2019. Extremes were combined from the closed Kadina weather station and the current Kadina AWS station. Kadina is located within
252-557: Is thought to be derived from Kadiyinya , a Narungga word meaning 'Lizard Plain'. Copper was discovered at Wallaroo Mines in 1859 and adjacent land north east of the site was surveyed in 1861 to house miners and became the Government Town of Kadina . Exceptional amounts of copper were found in the following years. Copper was also found in large amounts at the nearby Matta Mine and Doora Mine . The copper mines attracted many highly experienced Cornish miners to Kadina. In 1862,
280-457: The Hundred of Wallaroo and Hundred of Kadina were proclaimed in order to allow parcels of land to be sold in the vicinity of the copper mines. In the same year a horse-drawn railway from Kadina to the port at Wallaroo , west of the town, was opened. Further lines connecting Kadina to Port Wakefield , to the southeast, and Bute , to the northeast ( Kadina-Brinkworth railway line ), opened in 1878 and 1879, respectively. In 1872 Kadina became
308-803: The SA Heritage Register , is a statutory register of historic places in South Australia . It extends legal protection regarding demolition and development under the Heritage Places Act 1993 . It is administered by the South Australian Heritage Council. As a result of the progressive abolition of the Register of the National Estate during the 2000s and the devolution of responsibility for state-significant heritage to state governments, it
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#1732794550319336-596: The "gipsy tent" police station following in January 1862. Lay Methodist services began at the mines in 1861, before a church was opened in Kadina in November 1862. In June 1862, the Kadina and Wallaroo Railway and Pier Company opened a horse-driven railway connecting the mines to the port at Wallaroo , with a branch into Kadina. It was subsequently bought out by the South Australian government on 1 March 1878, with
364-525: The Wallaroo Mine outpaced that of the Moonta Mines in 1899. 1n 1900, there was an outbreak of typhoid at Wallaroo Mines, and after a new doctor described the town's sanitary conditions as "disgusting and barbarous", the mining company undertook several improvements and mains water was introduced. The Wallaroo Mines Institute was built by the mining company in 1902. In 1904, a fire in Taylor's Shaft, then
392-421: The Wallaroo to Kadina section of former converted to a rail trail in 2009. Nearby Kadina Airport caters to small private aircraft and emergency services. The town serves as the base for local radio station Gulf FM , broadcasting at 89.3 FM . The Yorke Peninsula Country Times newspaper is based in Kadina. South Australian Heritage Register The South Australian Heritage Register , also known as
420-657: The area. Barley and wheat from the region is considered to be some of the best in the world. The town today consists of important historical colonial and federation buildings gathered around Victoria Square. Kadina also contains the Farm Shed Museum & Tourism Centre (Kadina Heritage Museum) and remnants of the Wallaroo Mines . Kernewek Lowender , a Cornish festival, is held every odd year in May in Kadina (as well as Moonta and Wallaroo, with each location hosting
448-557: The end of 1860 there was a total population of 500. The mines had an enginehouse, office, a residence for the captain and secretary, and an assay office by this point, along with its own store for the miners. The growth of the mines saw the town of Kadina surveyed in 1860, with the first blocks being put up for sale in March 1861. The proprietors formed the business into a private company, the Wallaroo Mining Company, with
476-719: The festival for one day). Kadina and its surrounds benefit generally from the tourism throughout the Copper Triangle and has experienced general growth due throughout the 2000s and 2010s due to the Copper Cove housing development at Wallaroo . The Copper Coast Highway passes through Kadina. The town was formerly the Junction of the now disused Balaklava–Moonta railway line with the Kadina–Brinkworth line. Both of these lines closed to regular service in 1993, with
504-478: The first board meeting in August 1860 and Edward Stirling the first chairman. A settlement developed around the mine in 1860, described as "a collection of miners' cottages, sheds, mine shafts, enginehouses and other mine buildings". A Primitive Methodist chapel was built in 1861. A canvas structure that had served as a courthouse was moved from the mines to the present courthouse site in Kadina on 2 April 1861, with
532-572: The former post office, the mine explosives magazine, captains' residences, mine manager's residence ruins, the site of the Devon mine, and a number of old residences associated with the Wallaroo Mines settlement. The Wallaroo Mines Primary School remains in operation on a new site to the north of the original location, and had 102 enrolled students in 2015. Kadina, South Australia Kadina ( / k ə ˈ d iː n ə / kə- DEE -nə )
560-569: The local government area of the Copper Coast Council , which was formed in 1997. The Copper Coast Council replaced the District Council of Kadina , which existed from 1888 to 1984, and the District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula . The Corporate Town of Kadina , which had existed since 1872, was previously merged into the District Council of Kadina in 1977. Kadina is part of the federal division of Grey and lies within
588-446: The main point of operations, lasted for over a month and cost £50,000, resulting in a "modernisation program" for the mine. The employment of the mine peaked in 1906 at a total of 2700 employees. The mines struggled in the years after World War I due to a downturn in the price of copper, closing for long periods and losing large amounts of money between 1919 and 1922. In November 1923, the mining company went into voluntary liquidation and
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#1732794550319616-404: The mine shut down. The total production throughout its lifetime was about 165,000 tonnes with a value of £9.7 million. The closure had a flow-on effect to the broader Kadina area, with an exodus from the region large enough to result in the closure of several churches and other facilities there. The Elders Engine House was demolished, with its stone being used several years later, in 1936, to build
644-434: The mines in the late 19th century. Kadina's surrounds form an important agricultural base for the region, and are used for growing cereal crops. Kadina used to be a mining town but now the majority of Kadina's land is used for farming. Kadina is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Moonta and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the port town of Wallaroo . There are 6 suburbs making up Kadina's township, each being
672-641: The new Kadina Catholic Church. The Primitive Methodist church was demolished in 1927. The former Bible Christian church was demolished in the late 1930s; while it had closed as a church some decades before, it had later been used as a community hall and cinema. Wallaroo Mines had a football club in the Yorke Peninsula Football Association as the "Federal Rovers"; however, the league went into recess in 1936. A small store existed on Lipson Road for many years, run by Will Harwood from 1920. The original school building closed around 1967 and
700-467: The state electoral district of Narungga . Kadina was once chiefly a copper mining town with the Wallaroo Mines being south-westerly adjacent to the township. Since the closure of the mine in the 1920s, agriculture has been the dominant local industry. Kadina is surrounded by lands used for broadacre cereal cropping. Staples such as barley , wheat as well as various oilseeds and legumes like canola , chickpeas and field peas are commonly grown in
728-602: The steam railway from Adelaide arriving in the same year; the old horse-driven line was later pulled up. A Bible Christian church was built in 1866, and the Wallaroo Mines Wesleyan Methodist Church was built in 1867. The mine reached its peak between 1870 and 1875, when it had up to 1000 employees. Wallaroo Mines Primary School opened on 31 January 1878 as the first public school in the Kadina area. The mine temporarily closed from August 1878 until 1880 due to low copper prices, resulting in
756-408: The vicinity but no permanent settlements were formed. On 17 December 1859, James Boor, a shepherd on the Wallaroo sheep run, owned by Walter Watson Hughes , discovered copper at what was to become Wallaroo Mines. Thirty or forty men were reportedly working at the site by the end of the year. By August 1860, the new copper mines employed 150 men and were "turning out ores of a rich quality", and by
784-552: Was demolished in 1977. Wallaroo Mines Post Office closed on 30 April 1976. The Wallaroo Mines Methodist Church building was demolished in 1980, and the church subsequently moved into the Wallaroo Mines Institute. An ore-processing plant was built on the former site of the school in 1988 by Moonta Mining NL, treating ore from their Poona mine 5 km north of Moonta; however, the Poona mine had closed by 1992. There
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