Misplaced Pages

#772227

25-532: The Warrumbungles is a mountain range in the Orana region of New South Wales , Australia . The nearest town is Coonabarabran . The area is easiest accessed from the Newell Highway which is the major road link directly between Melbourne , Victoria and Brisbane , Queensland and cuts across inland New South Wales from the north to the south. As the range is between the moist eastern coastal zone and

50-432: A lake was formed that allowed sediment to slowly compress into sandstone . The Warrumbungles are the remnants of a large heavily eroded shield volcano which was active from 13 to 17 million years ago. The volcano is estimated to have been 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) high and 50 kilometres (31 mi) wide. It formed as volcanic explosions occurred over millions of years. The remaining complex rocky formations are what

75-469: A long illness on 2 December 2013. He said of his career; "Young climbers today have their own lists of new names, and a lot of the indefinable attraction of the whole racket is somehow woven into the connecting thread that unites the eras and places these various names represent. Even now, as a broken-down old fart, I feel a tremendous kinship with some of these young climbers, though they are doing stuff technically far harder than anything we were doing in

100-627: A mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes , for example thrust sheets , uplifted blocks , fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types . Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or the Alpide belt . The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through

125-441: Is a section of the range where volcanic remnants are especially clustered. These vents and rocky formations are all named - Belougery Spire, Belougery Split Rock, Crater Bluff, Bluff Mountain, The Breadknife and Mount Exmouth. Pyroclastic rock is found in this area. The Breadknife, a straight wall of jagged rock nearly 100 metres (330 ft) high, is particularly rare. There is an extensive network of nine walking tracks across

150-538: Is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to

175-708: Is left after millions of years of erosion. This area is also known as the Warrumbungle-Liverpool Basalt Ranges, which is a distinct physiographic section of the larger Hunter-Hawkesbury Sunkland province, which in turn is part of the larger East Australian Cordillera physiographic division. The main features of the Warrumbungle mountains are a series of huge jagged outcrops in a roughly circular pattern, surrounded by hilly bush and woodland forest . Dykes, plugs and domes are common and mostly made from trachyte . The Grand High Tops

200-578: Is located on Mount Woorut, an eastern peak. The area has little to no light pollution to disturb astronomical viewing. In 2016, the International Dark-Sky Association declared the Warrumbungle National Park as Australia's first International Dark Sky Park . The Warrumbungles hosted the 2006 World Rogaining Championships . The base of the region was formed 180 million years ago. At that time

225-551: The Annamite Range . If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then the Ocean Ridge forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi). The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As

250-594: The Mithrim Montes and Doom Mons on Titan, and Tenzing Montes and Hillary Montes on Pluto. Some terrestrial planets other than Earth also exhibit rocky mountain ranges, such as Maxwell Montes on Venus taller than any on Earth and Tartarus Montes on Mars . Jupiter's moon Io has mountain ranges formed from tectonic processes including the Boösaule , Dorian, Hi'iaka and Euboea Montes . John Ewbank (climber) John Ewbank (1948 - 2 Dec 2013 )

275-848: The North American Cordillera , the Aleutian Range , on through Kamchatka Peninsula , Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea , to New Zealand . The Andes is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern Eurasia , from Java in Maritime Southeast Asia to the Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe , including

SECTION 10

#1732775656773

300-534: The Jurassic period. At the same time I feel an unbreakable bond with climbers of my own and previous generations. The central focus of the fetish of most young contemporary climbers may have moved closer and closer to the pure beauty and sheer technical difficulty of a single move, whereas the central focus of my fetish was how far back the last runner was. But it’s all relative, or at least it can be. From Tricounis to modern slippers, if you’re truly interested in taking

325-627: The air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the adiabatic lapse rate ) and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct climate regions . Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces which work to tear them down. The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into sedimentary rock . Erosion

350-605: The central peaks. Towards the southeast a broad belt of basalt outcrops extends towards the Liverpool Range . Near Chalk Mountain are outcrops of diatomite . Outer stretches of the volcano are made up of hawaiite and mugearite . The first European to sight and explore the area was John Oxley in 1818 on second expedition through New South Wales. Oxley named the range the Arbuthnot Range. The Gamilaroi name Warrumbungles which means 'crooked mountains' became

375-777: The country, particularly in the Blue Mountains in his home state of New South Wales . Many of Ewbank's first ascents are still regarded as classics of Australian climbing such as the Totem Pole in Tasmania and Janicepts (21) at Mount Piddington , which stood as the hardest climb in Australia for many years. His most lasting legacy was the development of the Ewbank System , ubiquitous throughout Australia , New Zealand and South Africa for grading climbs. It

400-469: The dryer plains to the west, it has provided protection for flora and fauna suited to both habitats. There are over 120 bird species identified on the range, including lories and lorikeets , rosellas and parrots . The centre of the range has served as an area of protection for a healthy and content colony of grey kangaroos . These animals have become fairly tame due to constant visitor attention and are easily approached. The Siding Spring Observatory

425-704: The early 1970s, disheartened by bolting wars and ethical changes , though he never truly gave it up. He was still involved in putting up major new routes in the Blue Mountains in the 1990s and continued climbing recreationally. He pursued a career in music, releasing 2 albums while living in New York. His 1993 song "Bleeding to Death in America" was recorded by Tuli Kupferberg for his public access TV show Revolting News. He died in New York City after

450-485: The east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted isostatically in response to the removed weight. Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive,

475-490: The most common name. Belougery Spire was first ascended by Eric Dark and Osmar White in 1932, and Crater Bluff by Dark and Dorothy English (better known by her later married name, Dorothy 'Dot' Butler ) in 1936. The Breadknife was not ascended until 1954, by Russ Kippax and Bill Peascod. Climbing on the Breadknife has since been banned, to protect the walking track along its base from rockfall. Lieben , on Crater Bluff,

500-405: The national park is contained within 23,311 hectares (57,600 acres). [REDACTED] Media related to Warrumbungle National Park at Wikimedia Commons Mountain range Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys . Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology . They may be

525-619: The ranges of the Himalayas , Karakoram , Hindu Kush , Alborz , Caucasus , and the Alps . The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest , which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera , Appalachians , Great Dividing Range , East Siberians , Altais , Scandinavians , Qinling , Western Ghats , Vindhyas , Byrrangas , and

SECTION 20

#1732775656773

550-627: The rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive particles in the water and fewer landslides. Mountains on other planets and natural satellites of the Solar System, including the Moon , are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth. Saturn 's moon Titan and Pluto , in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include

575-575: Was an English-born Australian rockclimber . He was born in Yorkshire , England in 1948, but emigrated to Australia at the age of 15. He is best known for his development of the Ewbank System , used in Australia , New Zealand , and South Africa for grading climbs. Having learned to climb in his native country, he quickly became involved in the fledgling Australian rockclimbing scene and went on to pioneer hundreds of new routes on crags around

600-735: Was an entirely new system, aimed at overcoming the problems at that time with English grades being limited to Extremely Severe, and American (YDS) grades being limited to 5.9. At the time these grades were thought to be the hardest humanly possible, and as people progressed they became unwilling to grade new climbs as harder and old grades became sandbagged . Ewbank proposed an open-ended numeric-only grading system starting at 1 and (as of February 2021) extending as high as grade 35 (in Australia) / grade 39 (worldwide). In addition to climbing, Ewbank also established Australia's first rock climbing magazine, Thrutch . Ewbank retired from active climbing in

625-465: Was the most difficult rock climb in Australia for many years after its first ascent by Bryden Allen and Ted Batty in 1962. It was graded 17 – the hardest grade in the Ewbank system at the time – but is generally agreed to be much harder. By 1953, 3,360 hectares (8,300 acres) of the range was recognised for its natural heritage and preserved as Warrumbungle National Park . In 2011, it was reported that

#772227