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45-579: The Wecquaesgeek resided along the southeastern banks of the Hudson River and fished local streams and lakes with rods and nets. The Wecquaesgeek faced numerous conflicts with Dutch and English colonists. In 1609 two dugout canoes were sent from the Nipinichsen settlement to threaten Hendrik Hudson 's ship in on his return trip down the river. In the 1640s, the Wecquaesgeek settled

90-594: A few of West Virginia's eastern panhandle counties are considered part of the Washington metropolitan area , the major portion of the state is rural and there are no major or even large cities. Shipping and trade have been important to the Mid-Atlantic economy since the beginning of the colonial era. The explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to see the region in 1524. Henry Hudson later extensively explored that region in 1611 and claimed it for

135-541: A place, with its name displacing theirs among the settlers and those associated with them, such as explorers, mapmakers, trading company superiors who sponsored many of the early settlements, and officials in the settlers' mother country in Europe. Numerous variants of are found on historical maps and in period documents. These include: Wiechquaeskeck, Wechquaesqueck, Weckquaesqueek, Weekquaesguk, Wickquasgeck, Wickquasgek, Wiequaeskeek, Wiequashook, and Wiquaeskec. The meaning of

180-475: A short-lived factorij trading post at Kievits Hoek (or Plover's Corner ) in present-day Old Saybrook, Connecticut , shortly after constructing their first settlement on the island of Manhattan. They abandoned it soon after, however, in order to focus on the trading post at Fort Goede Hoop on the Connecticut River , which was completed in 1633. The Dutch also had a trading post and possible fort at

225-688: A sub-region of the Northeast and only includes New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. The Bureau of Labor Statistics excludes New York; the Environmental Protection Agency excludes New York and New Jersey; and the U.S. Department of Transportation - United States Maritime Administration includes North Carolina . In 2004, the United States Geological Survey within the context of Ground-Water Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination, defined

270-521: A time, New Sweden along the Delaware River in Delaware , divided the two great bulwarks of English settlement from each other. The original English settlements in the region notably provided refuge to religious minorities, Maryland to Roman Catholics and Pennsylvania to Quakers and Anabaptist Pennsylvania Dutch . In time, all these settlements fell under English colonial control, but

315-602: Is a region of the United States located in the overlap between the Northeastern and Southeastern states of the United States . Its exact definition differs upon source, but the region typically includes New Jersey , Maryland , Virginia , Delaware , West Virginia , District of Columbia , and Pennsylvania . Some sources include New York , while others exclude Pennsylvania . However, according

360-550: Is also home to the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. The Mid-Atlantic is home to 33 professional sports franchises in the five major leagues and the two most prominent women's professional leagues: Notable golf tournaments in the Mid-Atlantic include the Barclays , Quicken Loans National and Atlantic City LPGA Classic . Two high-level professional tennis tournaments are held in the region. The US Open , held in New York,

405-471: Is believed to have been the first non-Indian to winter on the island of Manhattan in 1613. The States General of the Dutch Republic awarded the newly formed Dutch West India Company a trade monopoly for the region in 1621, and New Netherland became a province of the Dutch Republic in 1624. The South River was initially chosen as the site of the capital because the colonists felt that it had

450-693: Is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, whereas the Washington Open is part of the ATP Tour 500 series and WTA 250 series. Notable motorsports tracks include Watkins Glen International , Dover Motor Speedway and Pocono Raceway , which have hosted Formula One , IndyCar , NASCAR , World Sportscar Championship and IMSA races. Also, the Englishtown and Reading drag strips such have hosted NHRA national events. Pimlico Race Course at Baltimore and Belmont Park at New York host

495-510: The Manhattoes , sold to the Dutch. The Dutch ended up with the island, and the Wecquaesgeek being called the " Manhattoe " or "Manhattan" Indians. Today's Broadway follows one of their original trails, named " Wickquasgeck ", after the "birch bark country" that lined it. As was common practice early in the days of European settlement of North America, a people came to be associated with

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540-899: The Continental Congress , the convention of delegates who organized the American Revolution . Philadelphia also was the birthplace of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787, while the United States Bill of Rights was drafted and ratified and the first Supreme Court of the United States sat for the first time, in the first capital under the Constitution of New York . While early settlers were mostly farmers, traders, and fishermen,

585-722: The Dutch East India Company . It was later surveyed and charted, and was given its name in 1614. The Dutch named the three main rivers of the province the Zuyd Rivier ( South River , now the Delaware River ), the Noort Rivier ( North River , now the Hudson River ), and the Versche Rivier ( Fresh River , now the Connecticut River ). They intended to use them to gain access to the interior,

630-542: The Netherlands to England were peaceful in the province, the last one formalized in 1674. The first of two Forts Nassau was built in Mahican territory during the first decade, where commerce could be conducted with Indians , and factorijen (small trading posts) went up at Schenectady , Schoharie , Esopus , Quinnipiac , Communipaw , Ninigret , Totoket , Schuykill , and elsewhere. Trapper Jan Rodrigues

675-674: The Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes horse races, which are part of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing . With a GDP nominal of over $ 5.2 trillion, the Mid-Atlantic economy would be third-largest in the world if calculated separately, only behind the remaining United States and China and nearly $ 1 trillion larger than next place Japan. This economic prosperity is buoyed by a significant financial services and banking sector, healthcare and chemicals industry, and telecommunications and entertainment conglomerates. According to

720-705: The Raritan River and Raritan Bay after the Sanhicans migrated west. Once they settled there, colonists called them the Raritans . Like other Wappinger people, the Wecquaesgeek suffered losses in Kieft's War between Dutch colonists and Indigenous tribes. Around half of the military-aged men remaining to the tribe died fighting on behalf of the American Revolutionary Army , though none

765-608: The Siwanoy , both related Wappinger bands. To the south their range included the western part of today's Bronx along the Hudson and Harlem Rivers , and included the upper three-quarters of Manhattan island, which they did not permanently occupy but used as a hunting ground. Effectively it was their land that the Canarsee people of today's Brooklyn , who only occupied the very southern end of Manhattan island, an area known as

810-611: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the states listed above are commonly accepted as the Mid-Atlantic region. The region has its origin in the Middle Colonies of the 18th century when its states were among the Thirteen Colonies of pre- revolutionary British America . As of the 2020 census , the region had a population of 60,783,913, representing slightly over 18% of the nation's population. The Mid-Atlantic region played an instrumental and historic role in

855-741: The University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia ; Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh ; Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore , Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. ; and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia according to U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking . Definitions of the geographic components of the Mid-Atlantic region differ slightly among sources. Generally speaking,

900-726: The Dutch, who then created a fur-trading post in Albany in 1614. Jamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English colony in North America, it was established seven years earlier in 1607. From early colonial times, the Mid-Atlantic region was settled by a wider range of European people than in New England or the South. The Dutch New Netherland settlement along the Hudson River in New York City and New Jersey , and for

945-579: The English with the Treaty of Westminster (1674) , establishing many of the towns and cities that exist today. The Dutch Reformed Church played an important role in this expansion. Settlers followed the course of the Hudson River in the north via New York Harbor to the Raritan River in the south along what George Washington called the "Dutch Belt". Population estimates do not include Native Americans . Mid-Atlantic states The Mid-Atlantic

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990-552: The European continent, and it was difficult to recruit people to leave the economic boom and cultural vibrancy of Europe. Mismanagement and under-funding by the Dutch West India Company hindered early settlement, as well as misunderstandings and armed conflict with Indians. Liberalization of trade, a degree of self-rule, and the loss of Dutch Brazil led to exponential growth in the 1650s. Transfers of power from

1035-617: The Mid-Atlantic states provided the young United States with heavy industry and served as the " melting pot " of new immigrants from Europe. Cities grew along major ports, shipping routes, and waterways, including New York City and Newark on opposite sides of the Hudson River , Philadelphia on the Delaware River, Allentown on the Lehigh River , and Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay . Note: The Mid-Atlantic region

1080-643: The Mid-Atlantic, and 33 of the nation's top 100 counties based on per capita income are in the region. Most of the Mid-Atlantic states rank among the 15 highest-income states in the nation by both median household income and per capita income. The region is home to eight of the top 25 ranked universities in the nation: Cornell University in Ithaca, New York ; Columbia University and NYU in New York City; Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey ;

1125-518: The United States . The nation's capital was constructed in Washington, D.C. in the late 18th century, and relocated there from Philadelphia in 1800. In the early part of the 19th century, New York and Pennsylvania overtook Virginia as the nation's two most populous states, and the Mid-Atlantic region overtook New England as the most important trading and industrial center in the nation. During this period, large numbers of German , Irish , Italian , Jewish , Polish , and other immigrants arrived in

1170-657: The best climate. However, summer humidity, mosquitos, and winter freezing made the North River more appealing. A number of ships brought settlers to the New World , at first to Noten Island and soon after to the tip of Manhattan , and the colonists began construction of Fort Amsterdam , around which the colony began to grow. Small groups of the early arrivals were dispersed to Fort Orange , to Fort Wilhelmus , or to Kievets Hoek , but those who went to Fort Wilhelmus and Kievets Hoek were later recalled. Among those who made

1215-618: The crossing were many Walloons and 11 Africans as company-owned slaves. In 1629, the Dutch West India Company introduced the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions , a series of inducements commonly known as the patroon system. Invested members could receive vast land patents and manorial rights, somewhat reminiscent of a feudal lord, if they were willing to fulfill certain conditions, including transporting and settling at least 50 persons. A number of attempts were made, but

1260-549: The first Dutch colonial settlement on the Zuyd Rivier ( Delaware Bay ), but it was plundered soon after its founding in 1631. After 1638, settlement was mostly in New Sweden , and these were brought under New Netherland control in 1655 when Fort Casimir was built. In 1663, Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy attempted to create a utopian settlement in the region, but it expired under English rule. The Dutch established

1305-583: The flow of New Englanders to Long Island and the mainland along Long Island Sound , however. The port called the Manhattans grew up at the mouth of the North River (Hudson River) . New Amsterdam was the capital of the province and received its municipal charter in 1652; this included the isle of Manhattan , Staaten Eylandt , Pavonia , and the Lange Eylandt towns, including Gravesend , Breuckelen , and Nieuw Amersfoort . A municipal charter

1350-550: The indigenous population, and the lucrative fur trade. International law required discovery, charting, and settlement to perfect a territorial claim. Large scale settlement was rejected in favor of a formula that was working in Asia of establishing factories (trading posts with a military presence and a small support community). This period is sometimes referred to as the Dutch Golden Age , despite on-going wars on

1395-755: The mouth of the Branford River in Branford, Connecticut , which still contains a wharf called "Dutch Wharf." Soon after, settlers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony formed the Connecticut Colony in 1636, and the New Haven Colony in 1638. Petrus Stuyvesant attempted to prevent further competition for the area and agreed to a border 50 miles west of the river in the Treaty of Hartford (1650) . This did not stem

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1440-559: The name has variously been given as "the end of the marsh, swamp or wet meadow", "place of the bark kettle", and "birch bark country". Just as a name of one of their trails, the Wickquasgeck , was given to the people so another conflation by white settlers further confounded their identity, when they were mistakenly referred to as the Manhattoes after a place of that name on the southern tip of Manhattan Island . Compounding this

1485-636: The nation's founding and the development of the nation. Each of the seven states were members of the Thirteen Colonies that sent delegates to the Second Continental Congress , which assembled in Philadelphia and unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence , and formalized the Continental Army under George Washington 's command during the American Revolutionary War . Following independence,

1530-508: The only notable success was the Manor of Rensselaerswyck . Pavonia , across the river from New Amsterdam, was returned to the company and became a company-managed holding. In 1640, company policy was changed to allow land purchases by individuals in good standing. Another patroon patent was Zwaanendael Colony later named by the British, Lewes , Delaware (the town is still known as such),

1575-611: The original Thirteen Colonies and were particularly prevalent in Province of Pennsylvania and the geographic region that ultimately broke from Pennsylvania to form the Delaware Colony . Among the 13 colonies, the Province of Maryland was the only colony with a substantial Catholic population. Following the American Revolutionary War, the Mid-Atlantic region hosted each of the historic capitals of

1620-639: The region as including Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., and parts of New Jersey, New York, and North Carolina. West Virginia and Virginia are atypical of this region in a few ways. These states both primarily lie within the Southern American dialect region , and the major religious tradition is largely Evangelical Christian , with 30% in Virginia and 39% in West Virginia identifying as evangelicals. Although

1665-455: The region continued to be a magnet for people of diverse nationalities. The area that came to be known as the Middle Colonies served as a strategic bridge between the North and South. The New York and New Jersey campaign during the American Revolutionary War saw more battles than any other theater of the conflict. Philadelphia , midway between the northern and southern colonies, was home to

1710-579: The region is inclusive of the states of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, and the federal district of the District of Columbia, with some additional sources including or excluding other areas in parts of the Northeast region and the South Atlantic states , for practical reasons. The United States Census Bureau defines the Mid-Atlantic as

1755-451: The region link an almost contiguous urban region, which includes large and small cities and their respective suburbs and forms the Northeast megalopolis , one of the world's most important concentrations of finance, media, communications, education , medicine, and technology. The Mid-Atlantic is a relatively affluent region of the nation; nearly half of the nation's 100 highest-income counties based on median household income are located in

1800-588: The region's coastal cities, including Baltimore , Newark , New York City , Philadelphia, and interior cities such as Pittsburgh , and Rochester , Albany , and Buffalo , with their skyscrapers and subways, which emerged as icons of modernity and American economic and cultural power in the 20th century. In the late 19th century, the region played a vital and historic role in the development of American culture , commerce, trade, and industry sectors . Historian Frederick Jackson Turner labeled it "typically American." The Northeast Corridor and Interstate 95 in

1845-573: The states again gathered in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention , in 1788, where they ratified the United States Constitution , which remains the oldest and longest-standing written and codified national constitution in force in the world. The Mid-Atlantic region was settled during the colonial era between the early 17th century and the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 by European Americans of primarily Dutch , German , Swedish , English , and other Western European ethnicities. Religious pluralism and freedoms existed in

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1890-410: Was also granted to Beverwijck in 1652, which had grown from a trading post to a bustling town in the midst of Rensselaerswyck . In 1657, the homesteads scattered along the west bank of the Hudson Valley in Esopus country were required to build a garrison that became the province's third largest town of Wiltwijk . Colonial settlers spread throughout the region after the final transfer of power to

1935-406: Was granted citizenship after victory. Wicker's Creek in what is now called Dobbs Ferry was the last known residence of the tribe, which they occupied through the 17th century. The following settlements have been documented in historical accounts: The Weckquaesgeek territories were bordered by the Sintsink to the north, below today's Ossining , and inland toward Long Island Sound to that of

1980-451: Was that the Manhattoes was the only part of Manhattan not occupied by the Wecquasgeek; it was a seasonal ground of the Canarsee , a Metoac people who lived across the East River in today's Brooklyn. New Netherland settlements New Netherland ( Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch) was the 17th century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands on the northeastern coast of North America . The claimed territory

2025-432: Was the land from the Delmarva Peninsula to southern Cape Cod . The settled areas are now part of the Mid-Atlantic states of New York , New Jersey , and Delaware , with small outposts in Connecticut and Pennsylvania . Its capital of New Amsterdam was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan on the Upper New York Bay . The region was initially explored in 1609 by Henry Hudson on an expedition for

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