119-493: Western Extension is generally used for any westward expansion of a road, rail line or populated place. It may also have one of the following meanings: The Western Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Western Extension of a Maryland railroad South Carolina Western Extension Railway Western Extension Area Topics referred to by
238-527: A welcome center , and the New Stanton and Sideling Hill plazas feature seasonal farmers' markets . A few plazas offer E85 while New Stanton offers compressed natural gas ; all of them offer conventional gasoline and diesel fuel . Select service plazas have electric vehicle charging stations . The Sunoco and 7-Eleven locations as well as the Subway at North Midway are operated by 7-Eleven itself while
357-448: A barricaded area, the decision may be made to have an acceptable error rate of one character. This is because the likelihood of an unauthorized car having such a similar license plate is seen as quite small. However, this level of inaccuracy would not be acceptable in most applications of an ANPR system. At the front end of any ANPR system is the imaging hardware which captures the image of the license plates. The initial image capture forms
476-674: A bridge over SEPTA 's Norristown High Speed Line and runs parallel to Norfolk Southern's Dale Secondary rail line, which is located south of the road. The turnpike crosses Norfolk Southern's Harrisburg Line , the Schuylkill River , and SEPTA's Manayunk/Norristown Line on the Schuylkill River Bridge near Norristown . A short distance later, the road passes over the Schuylkill River Trail and Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Connecting Track on
595-457: A clearer image of the plates. During the 1990s, significant advances in technology took automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR) systems from limited expensive, hard to set up, fixed based applications to simple "point and shoot" mobile ones. This was made possible by the creation of software that ran on cheaper PC based, non-specialist hardware that also no longer needed to be given the pre-defined angles, direction, size and speed in which
714-423: A code of practice in 2013 for the use of surveillance cameras, including ANPR, by government and law enforcement agencies. The aim of the code is to help ensure their use is "characterised as surveillance by consent, and such consent on the part of the community must be informed consent and not assumed by a system operator. Surveillance by consent should be regarded as analogous to policing by consent ." In addition,
833-575: A critically important part of the ANPR system which, in accordance to the garbage in, garbage out principle of computing, will often determine the overall performance. License plate capture is typically performed by specialized cameras designed specifically for the task, although new software techniques are being implemented that support any IP-based surveillance camera and increase the utility of ANPR for perimeter security applications. Factors which pose difficulty for license plate imaging cameras include
952-540: A deck truss bridge of the same name from 1951. The toll road crosses the Susquehanna River between York and Dauphin counties on the 5,910-foot-long (1,800 m) Susquehanna River Bridge , which also replaced a deck truss bridge from the early 1950s. In Montgomery County, the turnpike crosses the Schuylkill River on the 1,224-foot-long (373 m) Schuylkill River Bridge , which was twinned in
1071-471: A dedicated camera set to 1 ⁄ 1000 of a second. It is also important that the camera use a global shutter, as opposed to rolling shutter , to assure that the taken images are distortion-free. Because the car is moving, slower shutter speeds could result in an image which is too blurred to read using the OCR software, especially if the camera is much higher up than the vehicle. In slow-moving traffic, or when
1190-682: A direct impact on the resolution and accuracy of a read in these conditions. Installing ANPR cameras on law enforcement vehicles requires careful consideration of the juxtaposition of the cameras to the license plates they are to read. Using the right number of cameras and positioning them accurately for optimal results can prove challenging, given the various missions and environments at hand. Highway patrol requires forward-looking cameras that span multiple lanes and are able to read license plates at high speeds. City patrol needs shorter range, lower focal length cameras for capturing plates on parked cars. Parking lots with perpendicularly parked cars often require
1309-623: A form of mass surveillance . ANPR is sometimes known by various other terms: ANPR was invented in 1976 at the Police Scientific Development Branch in Britain. Prototype systems were working by 1979, and contracts were awarded to produce industrial systems, first at EMI Electronics, and then at Computer Recognition Systems (CRS, now part of Jenoptik ) in Wokingham , UK. Early trial systems were deployed on
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#17327762031121428-606: A license plate is identified as expired or on the incorrect vehicle. Successfully recognized plates may be matched against databases including "wanted person", "protection order", missing person, gang member, known and suspected terrorist, supervised release, immigration violator, and National Sex Offender lists. In addition to the real-time processing of license plate numbers, ANPR systems in the US collect (and can indefinitely store) data from each license plate capture. Images, dates, times and GPS coordinates can be stockpiled and can help place
1547-697: A mix of rural land and suburban residential development north of Pittsburgh into Allegheny County . The road then approaches the Warrendale toll gantry, where the closed toll system begins, and continues southeast, passing over the P&;W Subdivision rail line, which is owned by CSX and operated by the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad . East of this point, the turnpike has an interchange with PA 8 in Hampton Township . The turnpike then comes to
1666-578: A murder occurred in November 2005, in Bradford , UK, where ANPR played a vital role in locating and subsequently convicting killers of Sharon Beshenivsky . The software aspect of the system runs on standard home computer hardware and can be linked to other applications or databases . It first uses a series of image manipulation techniques to detect, normalize and enhance the image of the number plate, and then optical character recognition (OCR) to extract
1785-445: A number of possible difficulties that the software must be able to cope with. These include: While some of these problems can be corrected within the software, it is primarily left to the hardware side of the system to work out solutions to these difficulties. Increasing the height of the camera may avoid problems with objects (such as other vehicles) obscuring the plate but introduces and increases other problems, such as adjusting for
1904-587: A photo of the vehicle's license plate and mail a bill to the vehicle owner) or E-ZPass . Between the Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls toll plazas on the mainline, as well as on the Northeast Extension from Mid-County to Wyoming Valley, tolls are based on distance traveled. An eastbound mainline toll gantry is located at Gateway near the Ohio state line and a westbound mainline toll gantry is located at
2023-560: A principle of video fixing of the car with recognition of license plates with check under data base. The Home Office states the purpose of automatic number-plate recognition in the United Kingdom is to help detect, deter and disrupt criminality including tackling organised crime groups and terrorists. Vehicle movements are recorded through a network of nearly 13,000 cameras that capture approximately 55 million ANPR 'read' records daily. These records are stored for up to two years in
2142-409: A range of approximately two miles (3.2 km). The 511PA travel information service provides alerts, an interactive map, weather information, and traffic cameras to motorists. There are variable-message signs located along the roadway that provide information to motorists such as accidents, construction, weather, and traffic congestion. The Pennsylvania Turnpike has 15 service plazas on
2261-514: A registration plate number recognition system on the main arteries and city exits. The system has been used with two cameras per lane, one for plate recognition, one for speed detection. Now the system has been widened to network all the registration number cameras together, and enforcing average speed over preset distances. Some arteries have 70 km/h (45 mph) limit, and some 50 km/h (30 mph), and photo evidence with date-time details are posted to registration address if speed violation
2380-574: A result, on 1 April 2019, a Fairfax County judge issued an injunction prohibiting the Fairfax County Police Department from collecting and storing ALPR data outside of an investigation or intelligence gathering related to a criminal investigation. On October 22, 2020, the Supreme Court of Virginia overturned that decision, ruling that the data collected was not personal, identifying information. In April 2020,
2499-699: A set of standards were introduced in 2014 for data, infrastructure, and data access and management. In the United States, ANPR systems are more commonly referred to as ALPR (Automatic License Plate Reader/Recognition) technology, due to differences in language (i.e., "number plates" are referred to as "license plates" in American English ) Since 2019, private companies like Flock Safety have grown rapidly, promoting stationary ALPR cameras to private individuals as well as neighbourhood associations and law enforcement. By April 2022, 1500 cities across
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#17327762031122618-443: A specialized camera with a very short focal length. Most technically advanced systems are flexible and can be configured with a number of cameras ranging from one to four which can easily be repositioned as needed. States with rear-only license plates have an additional challenge since a forward-looking camera is ineffective with oncoming traffic. In this case one camera may be turned backwards. There are seven primary algorithms that
2737-408: A suspect at a scene, aid in witness identification, pattern recognition or the tracking of individuals. The Department of Homeland Security has proposed a federal database to combine all monitoring systems, which was cancelled after privacy complaints. In 1998, a Washington, D.C. police lieutenant pleaded guilty to extortion after blackmailing the owners of vehicles parked near a gay bar. In 2015,
2856-484: A system called Matrix Police in cooperation with the police . It consists of a portable computer equipped with a web camera that scans the stolen car database using automatic number-plate recognition. The system is installed on the dashboard of selected patrol vehicles ( PDA -based hand-held versions also exist) and is mainly used to control the license plate of parking cars. As the Auxiliary Police do not have
2975-657: A total of 9.7 millions. According to the Dutch Attorney General, the average number of violation of the speed limits on motorway sections equipped with average speed cameras is between 1 and 2%, compared to 10 to 15% elsewhere. One of the most notable stretches of average speed cameras in the UK is found on the A77 road in Scotland, with 32 miles (51 km) being monitored between Kilmarnock and Girvan . In 2006 it
3094-560: Is a monitoring system named Tutor (device) [ it ] covering more than 2,500 km (1,600 miles) (2012). The Tutor system is also able to intercept cars while changing lanes. The Tutor or Safety Tutor is a joint project between the motorway management company, Autostrade per l'Italia , and the State Police. Over time it has been replaced by other versions for example the SICVe-PM where PM stands for PlateMatching and by
3213-501: Is available to all turnpike users via the GEICO Safety Patrol program. The free program checks for disabled motorists, debris, and accidents along the road and provides assistance 24 hours daily year-round. Each patrol vehicle covers a 20-to-25-mile (32 to 40 km) stretch of the turnpike. Towing service is available from authorized service stations near the highway, and Pennsylvania State Police Troop T patrols
3332-434: Is becoming a significant component of municipal predictive policing strategies and intelligence gathering, as well as for recovery of stolen vehicles, identification of wanted felons, and revenue collection from individuals who are delinquent on city or state taxes or fines, or monitoring for Amber Alerts . With the widespread implementation of this technology, many U.S. states now issue misdemeanor citations of up to $ 500 when
3451-537: Is detected. As of 2012, the fine for exceeding the speed limit for more than 30% is about ₺ 315 (US$ 175). The project of system integration «OLLI Technology» and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Department of State Traffic Inspection (STI) experiments on the introduction of a modern technical complex which is capable to locate stolen cars, drivers deprived of driving licenses and other problem cars in real time. The Ukrainian complex "Video control" working by
3570-571: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pennsylvania Turnpike The Pennsylvania Turnpike , sometimes shortened to Penna Turnpike or PA Turnpike , is a controlled-access toll road that is operated by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States. It runs for 360 miles (580 km) across
3689-475: Is located a short distance to the south of the road. One mile (1.6 km) later, the turnpike has a westbound exit and entrance for Virginia Drive. In Willow Grove , the highway reaches the PA ;611 exit before passing over SEPTA's Warminster Line . The turnpike continues through more suburban areas, crossing into Bucks County and coming to a bridge over Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Line. Farther east,
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3808-541: Is notably home to some of the only traffic lights on an Interstate Highway. After Breezewood, I-76 continues along the turnpike, heading northeast across Rays Hill into Fulton County . The turnpike continues east across Sideling Hill , before reaching an interchange with US 522 in Fort Littleton . After this interchange, the highway parallels US 522 before curving east into Huntingdon County . The turnpike goes under Tuscarora Mountain through
3927-587: Is often featured in the reality TV show Parking Wars featured on A&E Network . In the show, tow truck drivers and booting teams use the ANPR to find delinquent vehicles with high amounts of unpaid parking fines. Laws vary among the states regarding collection and retention of license plate information. As of 2019 , 16 states have limits on how long the data may be retained, with the lowest being New Hampshire (3 minutes) and highest Colorado (3 years). The Supreme Court of Virginia ruled in 2018 that data collected from ALPRs can constitute personal information. As
4046-464: Is only possible on dedicated ANPR cameras, however, and so cameras used for other purposes must rely more heavily on the software capabilities. Further, when a full-colour image is required as well as use of the ANPR-retrieved details, it is necessary to have one infrared-enabled camera and one normal (colour) camera working together. To avoid blurring it is ideal to have the shutter speed of
4165-472: Is tested by the Danish police. It has been in permanent use since mid 2016. 180 gantries over major roads have been built throughout the country. These together with a further 250 fixed cameras is to enable a levy of an eco tax on lorries over 3.5 tonnes. The system is currently being opposed and whilst they may be collecting data on vehicles passing the cameras, no eco tax is being charged. On 11 March 2008,
4284-401: Is used by police forces around the world for law enforcement purposes, including checking if a vehicle is registered or licensed . It is also used for electronic toll collection on pay-per-use roads and as a method of cataloguing the movements of traffic, for example by highways agencies. Automatic number-plate recognition can be used to store the images captured by the cameras as well as
4403-544: The A1 road and at the Dartford Tunnel . The first arrest through detection of a stolen car was made in 1981. However, ANPR did not become widely used until new developments in cheaper and easier to use software were pioneered during the 1990s. The collection of ANPR data for future use ( i.e ., in solving then-unidentified crimes) was documented in the early 2000s. The first documented case of ANPR being used to help solve
4522-487: The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel . Exiting the tunnel, the turnpike winds down the mountain at a three-percent grade, which is the steepest grade on the turnpike, and heads into Bedford County , passing through a valley. At Bedford , an exit for US 220 Business (US 220 Bus.) provides access to US 220 and the southern terminus of I-99 ; this exit also serves Altoona to
4641-552: The Appalachian Mountains in the central part of the state, passing through four tunnels . The PTC , created in 1937 to construct, finance, operate, and maintain the road, controls the highway. In 2015, the roadway had an annual average daily traffic count ranging from a high of 120,000 vehicles between the Norristown interchange and I-476 to a low of 12,000 vehicles between the Ohio state line and
4760-1086: The Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge . At this point, the Pennsylvania Turnpike ends, and I-95 continues east (north) as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike , which connects to the mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike. The Pennsylvania Turnpike incorporates several major bridges and tunnels along its route. Four tunnels cross central Pennsylvania's Appalachian Mountains. The 6,070-foot (1,850 m) Allegheny Mountain Tunnel passes under Allegheny Mountain in Somerset County. The Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel runs beneath Tuscarora Mountain at
4879-752: The Department of Justice (Victoria) use both fixed and mobile ANPR systems. The New South Wales Police Force Highway Patrol were the first to trial and use a fixed ANPR camera system in Australia in 2005. In 2009 they began a roll-out of a mobile ANPR system (known officially as MANPR) with three infrared cameras fitted to its Highway Patrol fleet. The system identifies unregistered and stolen vehicles as well as disqualified or suspended drivers as well as other 'persons of interest' such as persons having outstanding warrants. The city of Mechelen uses an ANPR system since September 2011 to scan all cars crossing
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4998-554: The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany ruled that some areas of the laws permitting the use of automated number plate recognition systems in Germany violated the right to privacy . More specifically, the court found that the retention of any sort of information (i.e., number plate data) which was not for any pre-destined use (e.g., for use tracking suspected terrorists or for enforcement of speeding laws)
5117-1055: The London congestion charge project. Often in such systems, there is a requirement to forward images to the remote server, and this can require larger bandwidth transmission media. ANPR uses optical character recognition (OCR) on images taken by cameras. When Dutch vehicle registration plates switched to a different style in 2002, one of the changes made was to the font , introducing small gaps in some letters (such as P and R ) to make them more distinct and therefore more legible to such systems. Some license plate arrangements use variations in font sizes and positioning—ANPR systems must be able to cope with such differences to be truly effective. More complicated systems can cope with international variants, though many programs are individually tailored to each country. The cameras used can be existing road-rule enforcement or closed-circuit television cameras, as well as mobile units, which are usually attached to vehicles. Some systems use infrared cameras to take
5236-695: The Los Angeles Police Department proposed sending letters to the home addresses of all vehicles that enter areas of high prostitution. Early private sector mobile ANPR applications have been for vehicle repossession and recovery, although the application of ANPR by private companies to collect information from privately owned vehicles or collected from private property (for example, driveways) has become an issue of sensitivity and public debate. Other ANPR uses include parking enforcement, and revenue collection from individuals who are delinquent on city or state taxes or fines. The technology
5355-719: The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court found that the warrantless use of automated license plate readers to surveil a suspected heroin distributor's bridge crossings to Cape Cod did not violate the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution only because of the limited time and scope of the observations. ANPR is used for speed limit enforcement in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Dubai (UAE), France, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, South Africa,
5474-441: The New Jersey Turnpike . The road uses an all-electronic tolling system; tolls may be paid using E-ZPass or toll by plate , which uses automatic license plate recognition . Historically, cash tolls were collected using a combination of the ticket system and a barrier toll system , but cash tolls were phased out between 2016 and 2020. The turnpike also offers 15 service plazas , providing food and fuel to travelers. During
5593-614: The Susquehanna River , Amtrak 's Keystone Corridor rail line, and Norfolk Southern's Royalton Branch rail line on the Susquehanna River Bridge . Now in Dauphin County , the road heads south of Harrisburg as a bypass. In Lower Swatara Township the turnpike reaches an interchange with the southern end of I-283 , serving Harrisburg and its eastern suburbs and providing access to PA 283 ;
5712-759: The Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel , entering Franklin County . It then curves northeast into a valley to the exit for PA 75 in Willow Hill . Again heading east, the road passes under Kittatinny Mountain through the Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel . Shortly after exiting the tunnel, the highway enters the Blue Mountain Tunnel under Blue Mountain . Leaving that tunnel, the turnpike heads northeast along
5831-649: The Valley Forge interchange in King of Prussia , where I-76 splits from the turnpike and heads southeast as the Schuylkill Expressway toward Philadelphia; this interchange also provides access to US 202 and US 422 . Starting at the Valley Forge interchange, the turnpike is designated as I-276 and becomes a six-lane road serving as a suburban commuter highway. The road comes to
5950-399: The alphanumerics of the license plate. ANPR systems are generally deployed in one of two basic approaches: one allows for the entire process to be performed at the lane location in real-time, and the other transmits all the images from many lanes to a remote computer location and performs the OCR process there at some later point in time. When done at the lane site, the information captured of
6069-579: The 'Western Arabic' equivalents. A research with source code is available for APNR Arabic digits. The technique is tested by the Swedish Police Authority at nine different locations in Sweden. Several cities have tested—and some have put into service—the KGYS (Kent Guvenlik Yonetim Sistemi, City Security Administration System) , i.e., capital Ankara, has debuted KGYS- which consists of
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#17327762031126188-426: The 1930s, the Pennsylvania Turnpike was designed to improve automobile transportation across the mountains of Pennsylvania, using seven tunnels built for the abandoned South Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s. The road opened in 1940 between Irwin and Carlisle . It was one of the earlier long-distance limited-access highways in the United States and served as a precedent for additional limited-access toll roads and
6307-685: The 1960s after traffic levels rendered their nonstandard design obsolete. Five bridges carry the turnpike over major rivers in the state. The 1,545-foot-long (471 m) Beaver River Bridge crosses the Beaver River in Beaver County, which is in the process of being replaced. The highway crosses the Allegheny River in Allegheny County on the 2,350-foot-long (720 m) Allegheny River Turnpike Bridge , which replaced
6426-676: The 2000s. At the New Jersey state line in Bucks County, the highway is connected to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike by the 6,571-foot-long (2,003 m) Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge over the Delaware River. The Pennsylvania Turnpike uses all-electronic tolling , with tolls payable by toll by plate (which uses automatic license plate recognition to take
6545-571: The Allegheny River, the turnpike returns to four lanes, passing through the Oakmont Country Club before coming to a bridge over Canadian National's Bessemer Subdivision. From here, the railroad tracks run along the west side of the road before splitting further to the west. The highway heads southeast to Monroeville , an eastern suburb of Pittsburgh; an interchange with the eastern terminus of I-376 and US 22 (Penn–Lincoln Parkway) provides access to Pittsburgh. East of Monroeville,
6664-737: The Allegheny Valley exit in Harmar Township , which provides access to PA 28 via Freeport Road. East of this interchange, the road heads south, with Canadian National 's Bessemer Subdivision rail line parallel to the east of the road. The highway crosses Norfolk Southern's Conemaugh Line , the Allegheny River , and the Allegheny Valley Railroad 's Allegheny Subdivision line on the six-lane Allegheny River Turnpike Bridge . After crossing
6783-568: The Delaware River Bridge near the New Jersey state line, both charging a flat toll. There is no toll between Gateway and Warrendale and between Neshaminy Falls and the Delaware River Bridge. As of 2024 , it costs a passenger vehicle $ 95.50 to travel the length of the mainline turnpike between Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls using toll by plate, and $ 47.30 using E-ZPass; the eastbound Gateway toll gantry costs $ 15.20 with toll by plate and $ 7.50 with E-ZPass for passenger vehicles while
6902-556: The Interstate Highway System. The Pennsylvania Turnpike was extended east to Valley Forge in 1950 and west to the Ohio state line in 1951. In 1954, the road was extended further east to the Delaware River, and construction began on the Northeast Extension of the turnpike. The mainline turnpike was finished in 1956 with the completion of the Delaware River Bridge. During the 1960s, an additional tube
7021-668: The National ANPR Data Centre, which can be accessed, analysed and used as evidence as part of investigations by UK law enforcement agencies . In 2012, the UK Parliament enacted the Protection of Freedoms Act which includes several provisions related to controlling and restricting the collection, storage, retention, and use of information about individuals. Under this Act, the Home Office published
7140-766: The New Jersey state line. The turnpike's western terminus is located at the Ohio state line in Lawrence County , where the road continues west as the Ohio Turnpike . The eastern terminus is situated at the New Jersey state line at the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge , which crosses the Delaware River in Bucks County . The road then continues east as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of
7259-405: The PTC headquarters are located adjacent to this interchange. Here, the road narrows back to four lanes and runs through suburban development north of Middletown . The roadway passes over the Middletown and Hummelstown Railroad and the Swatara Creek before it continues into rural areas. The turnpike crosses a corner of Lebanon County before entering Lancaster County . In Lancaster County,
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#17327762031127378-440: The SICVe Vergilius. In addition to this average speed monitoring system, there are others Celeritas and T-Expeed v.2. Average speed cameras ( trajectcontrole ) are in place in the Netherlands since 2002. As of July 2009, 12 cameras were operational, mostly in the west of the country and along the A12 . Some of these are divided in several "sections" to allow for cars leaving and entering the motorway. A first experimental system
7497-421: The Schuylkill River Bridge before the parallel Dale Secondary rail line heads further south from the road. In Plymouth Meeting , an interchange with Germantown Pike provides access to Norristown before the roadway reaches the Mid-County Interchange. This interchange connects to I-476 , which heads south as the Mid-County Expressway, locally known as the "Blue Route", and north as the Northeast Extension of
7616-428: The UK, and Kuwait. This works by tracking vehicles' travel time between two fixed points, and calculating the average speed. These cameras are claimed to have an advantage over traditional speed cameras in maintaining steady legal speeds over extended distances, rather than encouraging heavy braking on approach to specific camera locations and subsequent acceleration back to illegal speeds. In Italian highways there
7735-444: The United States had implemented Flock cameras, despite criticism from the ACLU and other civil rights organisations and concerns about whether the system actually reduces crime. Mobile ANPR use is widespread among US law enforcement agencies at the city, county, state and federal level. According to a 2012 report by the Police Executive Research Forum, approximately 71% of all US police departments use some form of ANPR. Mobile ANPR
7854-400: The analysis looked at all of the turnpike's toll roads together, noting "Nobody would ever go south towards Pittsburgh, east towards Philadelphia, then north towards Scranton. That's a 400-plus mile trip," and that Pennsylvania Turnpike tolls are comparable to other toll roads when examined on a per mile basis. Motorists needing assistance may dial *11 on mobile phones. First-responder service
7973-431: The annual rise in tolls, traffic has been shifting from the turnpike to local roads. Until March 2020, the Pennsylvania Turnpike used the ticket system of tolling between the Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls toll plazas, as well as on the Northeast Extension from Mid-County to Wyoming Valley. When entering the turnpike, motorists received a ticket listing the toll for each exit; the ticket was surrendered when exiting, and
8092-592: The applicable toll was paid. If the ticket was lost, motorists were charged the maximum toll for that exit. Cash, credit cards, and E-ZPass were accepted at traditional toll plazas. In 2010, McCormick Taylor and Wilbur Smith Associates were hired to conduct a feasibility study on converting the road to all-electronic tolls. On March 6, 2012, the turnpike commission announced that it was implementing this plan. The turnpike commission projected that it would save $ 65 million annually on labor costs by eliminating toll collectors. On January 3, 2016, all-electronic tolling
8211-427: The authority to order moving vehicles to stop, if a stolen car is found, the formal police is informed. Vehicle registration plates in Saudi Arabia use white background, but several vehicle types may have a different background. There are only 17 Arabic letters used on the registration plates. A challenge for plates recognition in Saudi Arabia is the size of the digits. Some plates use both Eastern Arabic numerals and
8330-537: The base of Blue Mountain to an exit for PA 997 . East of this interchange, the road enters Cumberland County , heading east through the Cumberland Valley on a stretch known as "the straightaway". Further east, the turnpike reaches Carlisle and an interchange with US 11 providing access to I-81 . Approaching Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania Turnpike heads east through a mixture of rural land and suburban development, passing over Norfolk Southern's Shippensburg Secondary rail line. In Upper Allen Township ,
8449-430: The benefit of license plate reading in real time, when they can interdict immediately. Despite their effectiveness, there are noteworthy challenges related with mobile ANPRs. One of the biggest is that the processor and the cameras must work fast enough to accommodate relative speeds of more than 160 km/h (100 mph), a likely scenario in the case of oncoming traffic. This equipment must also be very efficient since
8568-554: The border of Huntingdon and Franklin counties, and is 5,236 feet (1,596 m) long. The Kittatinny Mountain and Blue Mountain tunnels are adjacent to each other in Franklin County and are 4,727 feet (1,441 m) and 4,339 feet (1,323 m) long, respectively. Formerly, the turnpike also traveled through the Laurel Hill Tunnel , Sideling Hill Tunnel , and Rays Hill Tunnel , though these were replaced in
8687-437: The camera is at a lower level and the vehicle is at an angle approaching the camera, the shutter speed does not need to be so fast. Shutter speeds of 1 ⁄ 500 of a second can cope with traffic moving up to 65 km/h (40 mph) and 1 ⁄ 250 of a second up to 8 km/h (5 mph). License plate capture cameras can produce usable images from vehicles traveling at 190 km/h (120 mph). To maximize
8806-471: The chances of effective license plate capture, installers should carefully consider the positioning of the camera relative to the target capture area. Exceeding threshold angles of incidence between camera lens and license plate will greatly reduce the probability of obtaining usable images due to distortion. Manufacturers have developed tools to help eliminate errors from the physical installation of license plate capture cameras. Several State Police Forces, and
8925-601: The city limits (inbound and outbound). Cars listed on ' black lists ' (no insurance, stolen, etc.) generate an alarm in the dispatching room, so they can be intercepted by a patrol. As of early 2012, 1 million cars per week are automatically checked in this way. Federal, provincial, and municipal police services across Canada use automatic licence plate recognition software; they are also used on certain toll routes and by parking enforcement agencies. Laws governing usage of information thus obtained use of such devices are mandated through various provincial privacy acts. The technique
9044-488: The closed toll system at the Neshaminy Falls toll gantry. After passing through more suburbs, the road reaches a partial interchange with I-95 , where it crosses under I-295 with no access; this interchange has access from the westbound turnpike to southbound I-95 and from northbound I-95 to the eastbound turnpike. At this point, I-276 ends and the Pennsylvania Turnpike becomes part of I-95. Here, signage indicates
9163-407: The contrast of the image. In some countries, the characters on the plate are not reflective, giving a high level of contrast with the reflective background in any lighting conditions. A camera that makes use of active infrared imaging (with a normal colour filter over the lens and an infrared illuminator next to it) benefits greatly from this as the infrared waves are reflected back from the plate. This
9282-562: The easternmost three miles (4.8 km) of the road from I-276 to I-95. Though still considered part of the turnpike mainline, it is no longer signed with turnpike markers and uses I-95's mileposts and exit numbers. The turnpike runs east to west across Pennsylvania, from the Ohio state line in Lawrence County east to the New Jersey state line in Bucks County . It passes through the Pittsburgh , Harrisburg , and Philadelphia areas, along with farmland and woodland. The highway crosses
9401-619: The end of 2015. Within the system, 160 portable traffic enforcement and data-gathering units and 365 permanent gantry installations were brought online with ANPR, speed detection, imaging and statistical capabilities. Since all the data points are connected to a centrally located ITS, each member of the consortium is able to separately utilize its range of administrative and enforcement activities, such as remote vehicle registration and insurance verification, speed, lane and traffic light enforcement and wanted or stolen vehicle interception among others. Several Hungarian auxiliary police units also use
9520-518: The highway comes to the US ;15 interchange accessing Gettysburg to the south and Harrisburg to the north. The road continues east and passes over Norfolk Southern's Lurgan Branch rail line before it heads into York County , where it reaches the interchange with I-83 serving Harrisburg, its western suburbs, and York to the south. East of I-83, the turnpike widens to six lanes and crosses over Norfolk Southern's Port Road Branch rail line,
9639-402: The highway continues west as the Ohio Turnpike . From the state line, the turnpike heads southeast as a four-lane freeway designated as I-76 through rural areas south of New Castle . A short distance from the Ohio state line, the eastbound lanes come to the all-electronic Gateway toll gantry. The highway then crosses into Beaver County , where it reaches its first interchange with I-376 (here,
9758-492: The highway passes through Pennsylvania Dutch Country and comes to an interchange with PA 72 accessing Lebanon to the north and Lancaster to the south. Further east, the turnpike passes over an East Penn Railroad line in Denver before it reaches an interchange with US 222 and PA 272 which serves the cities of Reading and Lancaster. The route continues into Berks County and comes to an interchange with
9877-402: The increased skew of the plate. On some cars, tow bars may obscure one or two characters of the license plate. Bikes on bike racks can also obscure the number plate, though in some countries and jurisdictions, such as Victoria, Australia , "bike plates" are supposed to be fitted. Some small-scale systems allow for some errors in the license plate. When used for giving specific vehicles access to
9996-812: The interchange with I-79 and U.S. Route 19 (US 19). As part of the Interstate Highway System , the turnpike is part of the National Highway System , a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility. The Pennsylvania Turnpike is designated as a Blue Star Memorial Highway honoring those who have served in the United States Armed Forces ; the Garden Club Federation of Pennsylvania has placed Blue Star Memorial Highway markers at service plazas along
10115-520: The later part of 2021. In March 2020, the turnpike made the switch early as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic . The all-electronic tolling system on the turnpike will initially use toll booths at exits until mainline toll gantries between interchanges are constructed. Mainline toll gantries are planned to be in operation by 2025 east of the Reading interchange and by the later part of 2026 along
10234-411: The main highway throughout the state, as well as two on the Northeast Extension. Each plaza has multiple fast-food restaurants , a Sunoco gas station, and a 7-Eleven convenience store. Other amenities include ATMs, E-ZPass sales, free cellphone charging, Pennsylvania Lottery sales, picnic areas, restrooms, tourist information, Travel Board information centers, and Wi-Fi. The King of Prussia plaza has
10353-483: The next eight years. In 2025, tolls will increase 5 percent, but tolls will change to be based on distance traveled as opposed to a flat rate. As a result, some drivers will see decreases in their tolls. Tolls are expected to increase annually until at least 2050. An analysis by Australian insurance company Budget Direct found the Pennsylvania Turnpike to be the world's most expensive toll. Turnpike spokesman Carl DeFebo disputed Budget Direct's claim, saying that
10472-586: The north. East of Bedford the turnpike passes through The Narrows , a gap in Evitts Mountain . The turnpike, US 30, and the Raystown Branch Juniata River all pass through the 650-foot-wide (200 m) narrows. The road winds through a valley south of the river, before traversing Clear Ridge Cut near Everett . Further east, at Breezewood , I-70 leaves the turnpike at an interchange with US 30; this interchange
10591-412: The original. Automatic license plate recognition Automatic number-plate recognition ( ANPR ; see also other names below) is a technology that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates to create vehicle location data . It can use existing closed-circuit television , road-rule enforcement cameras , or cameras specifically designed for the task. ANPR
10710-746: The part called Beaver Valley Expressway) in Big Beaver . After this interchange, the turnpike passes under Norfolk Southern 's Koppel Secondary rail line before it reaches the exit for PA 18 near Homewood . Past PA 18, the highway crosses CSX 's Pittsburgh Subdivision rail line, the Beaver River , and Norfolk Southern's Youngstown Line on the Beaver River Bridge . The road then enters Butler County , where it comes to Cranberry Township . Here, an interchange serves I-79 and US 19 . The turnpike continues through
10829-423: The plate alphanumeric, date-time, lane identification, and any other information required is completed in approximately 250 milliseconds. This information can easily be transmitted to a remote computer for further processing if necessary, or stored at the lane for later retrieval. In the other arrangement, there are typically large numbers of PCs used in a server farm to handle high workloads, such as those found in
10948-399: The plates would be passing the camera's field of view. Further scaled-down components at lower price points led to a record number of deployments by law enforcement agencies globally. Smaller cameras with the ability to read license plates at higher speeds, along with smaller, more durable processors that fit in the trunks of police vehicles, allowed law enforcement officers to patrol daily with
11067-454: The power source is the vehicle electrical system, and equipment must have minimal space requirements. Relative speed is only one issue that affects the camera's ability to read a license plate. Algorithms must be able to compensate for all the variables that can affect the ANPR's ability to produce an accurate read, such as time of day, weather and angles between the cameras and the license plates. A system's illumination wavelengths can also have
11186-405: The remaining restaurants and general upkeep of the service plazas are operated by Applegreen . As early as 1946, many of the service plazas were expanded in order to accommodate booming popularity. With the opening of the extensions from 1950 to 1956, new service plazas were also constructed along them. In comparison to the original ones, they were larger, and were more spaced out than those on
11305-405: The roadway passes over SEPTA's West Trenton Line . In Bensalem Township , the highway comes to a bridge over CSX's Trenton Subdivision rail line before reaching an interchange with US 1 , which provides access to Philadelphia. The highway narrows back to four lanes before an eastbound exit and entrance with PA 132 . A short distance later, the turnpike arrives at the eastern end of
11424-430: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Western Extension . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Extension&oldid=481391917 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
11543-408: The software requires for identifying a license plate: The complexity of each of these subsections of the program determines the accuracy of the system. During the third phase (normalization), some systems use edge detection techniques to increase the picture difference between the letters and the plate backing. A median filter may also be used to reduce the visual noise on the image. There are
11662-505: The southern terminus of I-176 (a freeway to Reading) and PA 10 in Morgantown that also provides access to PA 23 . The turnpike then enters Chester County , running southeast to an exit for PA 100 north of Downingtown , where it heads into the western suburbs of Philadelphia. Continuing east, it reaches an interchange with PA 29 near Malvern . The highway crosses into Montgomery County and comes to
11781-566: The southern terminus of PA 66 (Amos K. Hutchinson Bypass). The road narrows back to four lanes at this interchange, and I-70 forms a concurrency with I-76 on the turnpike. After New Stanton, the road passes over the Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad 's Radebaugh Subdivision line and winds southeast to the exit for PA 31 in Donegal , which also provides access to PA 711 . Continuing east past Donegal,
11900-407: The speed of the vehicles being recorded, varying level of ambient light, headlight glare and harsh environmental conditions. Most dedicated license plate capture cameras will incorporate infrared illumination in order to solve the problems of lighting and plate reflectivity. Many countries now use license plates that are retroreflective . This returns the light back to the source and thus improves
12019-418: The state and $ 250 million went to funding mass transit. As part of Act 89 signed in 2013, the annual payments to PennDOT will end after 2022, 35 years earlier than the original proposal under Act 44. But it is not known if the annual toll increases will continue after 2022. Act 89 has also redirected the entire $ 450 million annual payments to PennDOT toward funding mass transit. With
12138-612: The state, connecting Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania with Philadelphia in eastern Pennsylvania, and passes through four tunnels as it crosses the Appalachian Mountains in central Pennsylvania. Part of the Interstate Highway System , it is designated as part of Interstate 76 (I-76) between the Ohio state line and Valley Forge , I-70 runs concurrent with I-76 between New Stanton and Breezewood , Interstate 276 ( I-276 ) between Valley Forge and Bristol Township , and I-95 from Bristol Township to
12257-482: The text from the license plate, with some configurable to store a photograph of the driver. Systems commonly use infrared lighting to allow the camera to take the picture at any time of day or night. ANPR technology must take into account plate variations from place to place. Privacy issues have caused concerns about ANPR, such as government tracking citizens' movements, misidentification, high error rates, and increased government spending. Critics have described it as
12376-626: The turnpike commission initially planned to omit the toll amount from new tickets, and Pennsylvania Auditor Jack Wagner wondered if the commission was trying to hide the increase. The commission later decided to include the tolls on new tickets. Cash tolls increased 10 percent on January 1, 2012, while E-ZPass tolls were unchanged from the previous year. With this increase, the cash toll rate increased to $ 0.093 per mile ($ 0.058/km) (equivalent to $ 0.12/mi ($ 0.075/km) in 2023 ). Tolls for both cash and E-ZPass customers increased in January of each of
12495-526: The turnpike continues through eastern Allegheny County before crossing into Westmoreland County . Here, it heads south and passes over Norfolk Southern's Pittsburgh Line before it comes to the exit for US 30 near Irwin . After the Irwin interchange, the Pennsylvania Turnpike widens to six lanes and heads into rural areas west of Greensburg . Curving southeast, it reaches New Stanton , where an interchange provides access to I-70 , US 119 , and
12614-470: The turnpike crosses Laurel Hill into Somerset County . In this county, the road continues southeast to Somerset and an interchange with PA 601 accessing US 219 and Johnstown before it crosses over CSX's S&C Subdivision rail line. East of Somerset, the highway passes north of the Somerset Wind Farm before it reaches Allegheny Mountain , going under the mountain in
12733-463: The turnpike reaches its final interchange, providing access to US 13 near Bristol . Following this, the road passes over an East Penn Railroad line before it comes to the westbound all-electronic Delaware River Bridge toll gantry. After this, the highway crosses the Delaware Canal and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor rail line before heading across the Delaware River into New Jersey on
12852-660: The turnpike, connecting the mainline turnpike to the Lehigh Valley and the Pocono Mountains regions of Pennsylvania. After the Mid-County Interchange, the mainline turnpike heads east through the northern suburbs of Philadelphia. In Fort Washington , the highway passes over SEPTA's Lansdale/Doylestown Line before it has an interchange with PA 309 . At this point, the road becomes parallel to Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Line , which
12971-808: The turnpike. In addition to the east–west mainline, the PTC also operates the Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-476), the Beaver Valley Expressway ( I-376 ), the Mon–Fayette Expressway (Pennsylvania Route 43 or PA 43), the Amos K. Hutchinson Bypass ( PA 66 ), and the Southern Beltway ( PA 576 ). The Pennsylvania Turnpike begins at the Ohio state line in Lawrence County, beyond which
13090-751: The turnpike. The troop's headquarters is in Highspire ; its turnpike substations are grouped into two sections: the western section has substations in Gibsonia , New Stanton, Somerset, and Everett while the eastern section has substations in Newville , Bowmansville , and King of Prussia (the eastern section also has a substation at Pocono on the Northeast Extension). The PTC broadcasts road, traffic, and weather conditions over highway advisory radio transmitters at each exit on 1640 kHz AM, with
13209-538: The westbound Delaware River Bridge toll gantry costs $ 9.70 using toll by plate and $ 7.30 using E-ZPass. Since 2009, the turnpike has raised tolls once a year, starting on January 1, to provide funding for increasing annual payments to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT), as mandated by Act 44. The turnpike commission paid PennDOT $ 450 million annually, of which $ 200 million went to non-turnpike highway projects across
13328-433: The westbound turnpike as a left exit from southbound I-95, using I-95 milepost exit number 40. This is the only place where continuing on the mainline turnpike is signed as an exit. After joining I-95, the remaining three miles (4.8 km) of road uses I-95's mileposts and exit numbers and is not directly signed as the Pennsylvania Turnpike, though it is still considered part of the mainline turnpike. Continuing east,
13447-504: The western portion of the turnpike. As of 2020 , about 86 percent of vehicles along the Pennsylvania Turnpike use E-ZPass for payment of tolls. The turnpike commission raised tolls by 25 percent on January 4, 2009, to provide funds to PennDOT for road and mass-transit projects, as mandated by Act 44. This toll hike brought the rate to travel the turnpike to $ 0.074 per mile ($ 0.046/km) (equivalent to $ 0.1 per mile ($ 0.062/km) in 2023 ). At this point, an annual toll increase
13566-401: Was bored at four of the two-lane tunnels, while the other three tunnels were bypassed; these improvements made the entire length of the mainline turnpike four lanes wide. Improvements continue to be made to the road: rebuilding the roadway to modern standards, widening portions of the turnpike to six lanes, and adding interchanges. In 2018, an ongoing interchange project saw the redesignation of
13685-525: Was confirmed that speeding tickets could potentially be avoided from the ' SPECS ' cameras by changing lanes and the RAC Foundation feared that people may play "Russian Roulette" changing from one lane to another to lessen their odds of being caught; however, in 2007 the system was upgraded for multi-lane use and in 2008 the manufacturer described the "myth" as "categorically untrue". There exists evidence that implementation of systems such as SPECS has
13804-640: Was in violation of German law. These systems were provided by Jenoptik Robot GmbH, and called TraffiCapture. In 2012 a state consortium was formed among the Hungarian Ministry of Interior, the National Police Headquarters and the Central Commission of Public Administration and Electronic Services with the aim to install and operate a unified intelligent transportation system ( ITS ) with nationwide coverage by
13923-427: Was introduced in the westbound direction at the Delaware River Bridge mainline toll plaza, while the eastern terminus of the ticket system was moved from the Delaware River Bridge to Neshaminy Falls. On October 27, 2019, all-electronic tolling was implemented at the eastbound Gateway mainline toll plaza. All-electronic tolling was originally scheduled to be implemented on the entire length of the Pennsylvania Turnpike in
14042-512: Was planned. A three-percent toll increase went into effect January 3, 2010, bringing the rate to $ 0.077 per mile ($ 0.048/km) (equivalent to $ 0.11/mi ($ 0.068/km) in 2023 ). The cash toll increased 10 percent on January 2, 2011, and E-ZPass tolls increased three percent. The new toll rate was $ 0.085 per mile ($ 0.053/km) (equivalent to $ 0.11/mi ($ 0.068/km) in 2023 ) using cash and $ 0.079 per mile ($ 0.049/km) (equivalent to $ 0.11/mi ($ 0.068/km) in 2023 ) using E-ZPass. As part of this toll hike,
14161-582: Was tested on a short stretch of the A2 in 1997 and was deemed a big success by the police, reducing overspeeding to 0.66%, compared to 5 to 6% when regular speed cameras were used at the same location. The first permanent average speed cameras were installed on the A13 in 2002, shortly after the speed limit was reduced to 80 km/h (50 mph) to limit noise and air pollution in the area. In 2007, average speed cameras resulted in 1.7 million fines for overspeeding out of
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