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48-517: The Western Sun Conference ( WSC ) was an organization of eight high schools in northern Illinois, representing eight communities in that part of the state. These high schools are all members of the Illinois High School Association . The conference began competing during the 2006-2007 academic year. Six of the schools came from the former Suburban Prairie Conference North division. The Western Sun Conference disbanded after

96-552: A University of Illinois sponsored state meet from 1952 through 1957). Few of these series were self-supporting, but the ever-popular basketball tournament – sometimes referred to as the "goose that laid the golden egg" – paid the freight for all. Of the many challenges faced by Whitten during his 20-year career, the one with the longest-lasting repercussions was the reorganization of 1940. Prior to this time, two large groups of Illinois high schools remained outside of IHSA control: private schools, which were not eligible for membership, and

144-745: A cause other than war. On November 1, 2007, the Illinois Press Association (IPA) and two newspapers (the Northwest Herald and the State Journal-Register ) filed for a temporary restraining order to prohibit the IHSA from enforcing its policy restricting the use of photographs taken at its state final events. The IHSA's policy, similar to those adopted by the NCAA , colleges such as Illinois State University and

192-470: A cornerstone to the IHSA is its policy on grouping and seeding tournaments: 1. The State Series is designed to determine a State Champion. The State Series is not intended to necessarily advance the best teams in the state to the State Final. The IHSA is built upon the concept of geographic representation in its state playoff series. The IHSA was founded on December 27, 1900, at a rump session of

240-500: A handful of other state associations had sponsored track meets, none had ever attempted to organize a statewide basketball tournament. The first tournament, an 11-team invitational held at the Oak Park YMCA, was a financial success. Subsequent state tournaments, which were open to all member schools, provided the IHSA with fiscal independence, an important new vehicle to spread its message, and ever-increasing name recognition among

288-464: A local focus. The Illinois High School Association (IHSA) is governed according to the rules of its constitution. This constitution covers the broadest policies of the Association, such as membership, governance, officers and their duties, and meeting requirements. The IHSA is led by an eleven-member Board of Directors. All eleven members are high school principals from member schools. Seven of

336-737: A meeting in December 1896 of part of the state teachers association following a state track and field meet organized by the University of Wisconsin–Madison . Meetings led to the formation of a rules committee, followed by a Board of Control, which is still the WIAA's governing board. It has 11 members, seven chosen by regions, three at-large and a representative from the Wisconsin Association of School Boards. An Advisory Council, made up of 18 members, also provides governance and advice. It

384-421: A multiplier to enrollment of private schools to contend with perceived advantages private schools have in drawing athletes. The WIAA held its own state track meet in 1897 and its first state boys' basketball tournament in 1920. For boys' sports, it added cross country (1913), golf (1923), tennis (1925), and swimming (1925). In the 1940s, wrestling (1940), volleyball (1948) and baseball (1948) were added; in

432-416: A number of policies. These policies are generally of greater interest to the public, as they more specifically deal with issues that affect the day-to-day operation of sports and activities. Examples of policies include individual athlete eligibility, rules governing the addition of new sports and activities, the classification of schools (1A, 2A, 3A, etc.), and media relations. The key policy that has been

480-415: A persistent problem, and among schoolboy sports, football was a special concern. In this period, severe injuries and even deaths were not uncommon, and there was much talk of banning football completely. In 1908, the IHSA's mission expanded in an unforeseen direction when its board was convinced by Lewis Omer of Oak Park and River Forest High School to sponsor a statewide basketball tournament. Although

528-469: A preliminary injunction on November 16 as talks continued. On December 5, 2007, the IHSA announced that it had filed a countersuit to the IPA seeking a resolution to the ongoing issue, citing a failure on the part of the IPA to continue talks, and the ongoing sale of photographs. In January, 2008, it was announced that State Representative Joseph Lyons had submitted Illinois House Bill 4582, which would prevent

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576-548: A program to test for the presence of performance-enhancing drugs in student athletes participating in select State Series competitions. While details have not been worked out, based on the vote of the principals, the membership would not favor forcing a team to forfeit in the event of a positive test, though the membership, which voted overwhelmingly favored to support a period of ineligibility for athletes testing positive, and narrowly supported forcing schools to adopt education programs if an athlete tested positive. Technically, with

624-533: A team champion until 1936, but the IHSA sponsored individual tournaments from 1912 to 1915, and then from 1919 onward. The seventeen state titles in Girls Track and Field were won by Lincoln High School in East St. Louis . This school closed after the 1997–98 school year. East St. Louis Senior High School is the caretaker of these records, though the school has not won any state titles in this sport since

672-457: A team's tournament seeding. In 1982, the WIAA approved cooperative teams, allowing two or more schools to combine to form a team in a sport where neither school has enough athletes to run the sport on its own. The schools are generally referred to by a hyphenated version of their school names, although some choose a unique team nickname and mascot. The schools involved must be in the same geographical area and combine for at least two years, although

720-434: Is based on team scores, which are standard for wrestling tournaments, based on individual advancement. The individuals then compete in individual sectionals and an individual state championship. Afterwards, the teams that won their regionals compete in a dual team sectional tournament, with sectional winners advancing to state. Music competition is held in a sweepstakes format. Competing schools perform at sites throughout

768-483: Is directly responsible for setting up and running the individual state playoff series in each sport and activity. They also supervise annual meetings with advisory committees from each sport and activity to review possible changes in the rules. They also coordinate committees on issues from sportsmanship and sports medicine to media relations and corporate sponsorship. Subordinate to the Constitution and By-Laws are

816-589: Is made up of 15 members, five each from large, medium and small schools, a gender at-large representative, a minority at-large representative and a nonpublic school representative. Until 2000, only public schools were WIAA members. Private schools had belonged to the Wisconsin Independent Schools Athletic Association. When that organization announced it would shut down, the WIAA changed its rules to allow private schools. The WIAA, unlike some other states, does not add

864-696: Is permitted. The IHSA stopped recognizing team champions in debate after the 1971–72 school year. Individual competition continues to the present. Although Football and Wrestling are boys' sports, girls can play in both of these sports. Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association ( WIAA ) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in Wisconsin . Its history dates to 1895, making it

912-515: The Interstate Eight Conference proposed a bylaw that the IHSA should exclude private schools from competing in state tournaments, though the membership voted this proposal down. In 1995, Mt. Carmel (Chicago) , under coach Bill Weick , entered the end of the wrestling season ranked third in the nation by USA Today , and was poised to win its fourth consecutive state dual team title. Just prior to their Regional tournament,

960-527: The University of Chicago and effectively shut down his national tournament for high school basketball champions. Porter served on several NFHS committees and helped develop the molded basketball and the fan-shaped backboard, among other inventions. Porter later became the first full-time executive of the NFHS. As the Association matured, member schools requested sponsorship of state tournaments in sports other than basketball. The first such move came in 1927, when

1008-417: The University of Illinois , and other state high school associations, allows news-gathering organizations to sell photos that are published but prohibits the sale (usually through a Web site) of the many photos taken at the event that are not published. A circuit court judge denied the motion on November 5 and encouraged the parties to renew talks to resolve the impasse. The plaintiffs withdrew their request for

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1056-424: The 1950s, skiing and curling , and in the 1960s, gymnastics . These sports have been dropped by the WIAA. 1965 also brought a second baseball tournament, this one for summer participants, which was dropped after the 2018 season due to dwindling participation. Ice hockey was added in 1970, Soccer (1982) was added, and volleyball, which had been dropped (in 1982), returned to tournament status in 2000. Football

1104-689: The 2009-2010 academic year. ^ = Departed to join the Upstate Eight Conference for the 2010-2011 academic year % = Departed to join the Northern Illinois Big 12 Conference for the 2010-2011 academic year & = Became an Independent School for the 2010-2011 academic year; ultimately joined the Metro Suburban Conference Illinois High School Association In its over 100 years of existence,

1152-496: The Association's name. 1941 saw one of the first serious challenges to IHSA authority, when the association banned high school bands from competing nationally. When a bill was introduced in the Illinois General Assembly to transfer the IHSA's authority to the state superintendent's office, the IHSA moved to change the ban, and give local athletic directors a greater voice in decision making. Also that year,

1200-482: The IHSA Constitution and By-laws, and determines which are passed on to a vote of the member schools. Each school receives one vote on any amendments, with voting taking place annually in December. Changes are passed by simple majority of member schools. The day-to-day running of the Association is charged to an administrative staff of nine, one of whom acts in the position of Executive Director. This group

1248-415: The IHSA allowed private schools to participate for the first time. In 1942, as World War II started to have an effect on American life, many schools began dropping less popular sports as transportation and hiring qualified coaches became a serious issue. The association polled its membership to investigate the possibility of ending the spring sports season. The poll supported keeping the season. All over

1296-484: The IHSA does not sponsor tournaments in these events. Other academic competitions, such as Academic Decathlon , Science Olympiad , and DECA are not sponsored by the IHSA, and are governed by their respective national and/or state agencies. Twenty-three Illinoisans are members of the National High School Hall of Fame sponsored by the NFHS. The honorees include: The total of 52 counts

1344-482: The IHSA from enforcing its ban on press outlets from selling pictures of IHSA events. In April, 2008, the IHSA and the Illinois Press Association jointly announced a cessation of hostilities that gave the press permission to sell photographs without hindrance from the IHSA On January 14, 2008, the IHSA announced that, based on a survey of 54% of its principals, it would move forward to design and implement

1392-497: The IHSA has been at the center of many controversies. Some of these controversies (inclusion of sports for girls, the inclusion of private schools, drug testing, and the use of the term " March Madness ") have had national resonance, or paralleled the struggles seen in other states across the country. Other controversies (geographic advancement of teams to the state playoff series, struggles between small schools and large schools, particular rules unique to Illinois competition) are more of

1440-483: The IHSA learned that the school had competed in too many invitational tournaments, and disqualified the school from further competing as a team. Mt. Carmel did not deny the assertion; however, they claimed that one of the varsity tournaments had only had JV and frosh-soph wrestlers competing. Mt. Carmel won a temporary injunction from the Cook County Circuit Court to permit their team to compete in

1488-723: The IHSA took over control of the Illinois Interscholastic, a festival of high school track, golf, and tennis run by the University of Illinois . The meet continued to be held on the campus in Champaign–Urbana , but as with basketball, IHSA involvement opened the field to all IHSA member schools and removed non-member schools, including a handful of out-of-state schools. The IHSA subsequently established state series in several other boys' sports: swimming and diving (1932), wrestling (1937), baseball (1940), cross country (1946), and gymnastics (1958) (gymnastics had

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1536-676: The Illinois Association of School Boards, the Illinois Association of School Administrators, the Illinois Athletic Directors Association and the North Central Association . The IHSA also has a 35-member Legislative Commission, consisting of 21 high school principals, seven high school athletic directors elected from each of the seven state regions, and seven at-large members. The commission reviews amendment proposals to

1584-791: The Illinois Principals Association. Known as the Illinois High School Athletic Association for the first 40 years of its existence, the IHSA is the second oldest of the 52 state high school associations. Only the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association outdates it, by two years. For the greater part of a decade, the IHSA was concerned mostly with establishing school control over interscholastic athletic programs and setting eligibility standards for competition. Ringers were

1632-459: The business affairs of the NFHS, at first unofficially, and after 1927 with the official title of general manager. From this dual stage, Whitten and his assistant manager at the IHSA, H. V. Porter , exerted unusual influence over high school sports, not only in Illinois, but across the nation. In one memorable battle, Whitten took on the "grand old man" of college football, Amos Alonzo Stagg of

1680-449: The country, as gas rationing threatened to prevent teams and officials from traveling, IHSA Secretary Al Willis was able to get special exemptions for Illinois teams and officials; a precedent that spread to other states, very likely saving high school competitions during the war. By 1943, the IHSA had to look at making changes to its rules regarding eligible coaches, and the prospect of military veterans returning to high school. Ironically,

1728-482: The earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship. The WIAA considers its start to be

1776-584: The exception of baseball, sports with boys teams having no accompanying girls teams are officially both boys & girls teams. Participation of girls on these boys & girls teams is uncommon, as it is in other states with similar arrangements. Girls teams with no accompanying "boys" team are girls only. On 13 October 2009, the IHSA announced that it would begin sponsoring a state series in lacrosse for both boys and girls starting in 2010–11. Note: Some Illinois high schools field competitive teams in events such as fencing , field hockey , and ice hockey , but

1824-474: The federal government eventually did put a limit to post season travel for high schools in May, 1945; too late to stop Illinois' spring tournaments, and just in time to herald the end of the war. In the end, the IHSA did not curtail its sports tournaments throughout the war. The success of non-public schools in IHSA tournaments has led to considerable debate among the members, 83% of which are public schools. In 1985,

1872-595: The high school association of the District of Columbia and the two associations in Iowa , of which the latter has separate governing bodies for boys' and girls' school activities. The IHSA sponsors three classes of competitive cheerleading. In addition, there is a fourth class for coed cheerleading teams. While boys' golf did not have a team champion until 1938, the IHSA sponsored an individual tournament in 1916, and from 1919 onward. Boys' tennis did not have

1920-502: The merger. Football is the only sport to which a team must qualify for entry. 256 teams are accepted based on record, and then opponent wins. These teams are broken into eight groups by size, after which, each team is assigned to one of two 16-team brackets based on geography. Seeding within the bracket is based on record, and then opponent wins. Wrestling teams are assigned to a regional by geography. Individual wrestlers are seeded in each weight class. The team regional champion

1968-472: The public schools of Chicago , which were eligible but had joined only sporadically. The new constitution approved in 1940 extended the privileges of membership to non-public schools and gave limited autonomy to the Chicago schools, which subsequently joined en masse. In addition, non-athletic activities such as speech and music were added to the IHSA's menu, prompting the elimination of the word "Athletic" from

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2016-586: The public. By 1922, the affairs of the Association became so time-consuming that its board hired a full-time manager, C. W. Whitten . As vice president of the Board, Whitten had recently reorganized the basketball tournament and reduced the size of the state finals from 21 teams to four. About the same time, the IHSA became a charter member of the National Federation of State High School Associations . In addition to his IHSA responsibilities, Whitten ran

2064-424: The regionals. While the individual tournaments progressed, Mt. Carmel won a court victory, which forced the IHSA to permit the team to wrestle. When the IHSA's appeal was denied, and after temporarily suspending the tournament, the IHSA decided to end the season without a Class AA state championship dual team tournament; the first time in the history of the Association that a state tournament had been cancelled due to

2112-504: The site of one school, followed by sectionals, usually at a neutral site (unless a team in the regional gets to a sectional it is hosting), and then state. The WIAA added overseeing of athletic conferences to its duties in the 1980s after several disputes. Previously, schools had banded together on their own. The WIAA's role is to keep conferences consisting of similar-sized schools within a reasonable distance of each other. Except for football, conference championships do not have any effect on

2160-500: The state. Scores are then submitted from each site to the IHSA, who then rank teams according to the judges scores, with the highest score in each Class being the State Champion. Any school earning a "First Division" distinction in judging, irrelevant of their final placement, may purchase an award. While barred from solo performance, music ensembles are the only IHSA competitions in which junior high or middle school participation

2208-501: The ten are elected to three-year terms from seven geographic regions within the state of Illinois. Three other board members are elected at-large. A treasurer, who does not vote, is appointed by the Board. The Board of Directors determines IHSA policies and employs an executive director and staff. They also work with the Illinois General Assembly , the Illinois State Board of Education , the Illinois Principals Association,

2256-418: Was a recognized sport but championships were only held briefly in the 1920s. The WIAA resumed playoffs in 1976. The WIAA started adding girls sports in the 1970s. Swimming (1970) was the first, followed by gymnastics, track, and tennis in 1971, golf (1972), and volleyball (1973). Cross country joined the list in 1975, then basketball and softball (1976). Girls' soccer added a state tournament in 1983. Ice hockey

2304-466: Was added in 2002. The most recent is Girls' Wrestling in 2021. The number of classes - referred to as divisions by the WIAA, and numbered so that 1 includes the largest schools while higher numbers include smaller schools - varies by sport. Except for football, all schools sponsoring a sport are in the tournament. Seeding is used for matchups in several team sports and in individual sports. The tournament structure starts with multi-team regionals, usually at

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