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62-560: The Williamstown Cricket Ground , currently known by its sponsored name DSV Stadium , and also informally as Point Gellibrand Oval , is a football and cricket stadium located in Williamstown, Victoria , a suburb of Melbourne . The ground is located on Point Gellibrand, the southernmost point of Williamstown which juts into Port Phillip Bay . The ground is currently the home of the Williamstown Football Club in

124-471: A Mechanics Institute were built in 1860. By 1861 Williamstown had 13 slips for boat repairs and building, and pier accommodation for 40 vessels. In 1864, the town boundaries of Williamstown were expanded to take in Newport and Spottiswoode, later to become Spotswood . Piped water from Yan Yean water supply subsequently arrived, allowing more rapid growth. The Williamstown Racing Club, founded in 1864,

186-581: A time ball tower. Williamstown had been a primitive settlement until the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, but after the gold seekers began to arrive, many from the tin mines of Cornwall , and many more from the Californian gold fields, the settlement's growth was phenomenal. The first Williamstown Post Office opened on 1 March 1850. Australia's first telegraph line began operating between Melbourne and Williamstown on 3 March 1854. At this time,

248-436: A country. Therefore, many governments have enacted rules and regulations, administered by a customs agency, for the handling of cargo to minimize risks of terrorism and other crime. Governments are mainly concerned with cargo entering through a country's borders. The United States has been one of the leaders in securing cargo. They see cargo as a concern to national security . After the terrorist attacks of September 11th ,

310-483: A freight broker, online marketplace or another intermediary, instead of contracting directly with a trucking company. Brokers can shop the marketplace and obtain lower rates than most smaller shippers can obtain directly. In the LTL marketplace, intermediaries typically receive 50% to 80% discounts from published rates, whereas a small shipper may only be offered a 5% to 30% discount by the carrier. Intermediaries are licensed by

372-446: A large number of containers that come from shipping ports. Trains are also used to transport water, cement, grain, steel, wood and coal. They are used because they can carry a large amount and generally have a direct route to the destination. Under the right circumstances, freight transport by rail is more economical and energy efficient than by road, mainly when carried in bulk or over long distances. The main disadvantage of rail freight

434-409: A large opening front for loading. Air freight shipments are very similar to LTL shipments in terms of size and packaging requirements. However, air freight or air cargo shipments typically need to move at much faster speeds than 800 km or 497 mi per hour. While shipments move faster than standard LTL, air shipments do not always actually move by air. Air shipments may be booked directly with

496-505: A load is limited to the space available in the trailer, normally 48 ft (14.63 m) or 53 ft (16.15 m) long, 2.6 m ( 102 + 3 ⁄ 8  in) wide, 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m) high and 13 ft 6 in or 4.11 m high overall. While express, parcel and LTL shipments are always intermingled with other shipments on a single piece of equipment and are typically reloaded across multiple pieces of equipment during their transport, TL shipments usually travel as

558-462: A mixed-freight environment. Unlike express or parcel, LTL shippers must provide their own packaging, as carriers do not provide any packaging supplies or assistance. However, circumstances may require crating or another substantial packaging. In the United States, shipments larger than about 7,000 kg (15,432 lb) are typically classified as truckload (TL) freight . This is because it

620-484: A time when fellow Heidelberg School impressionist artist Frederick McCubbin was also painting the Williamstown landscape. Between 1909 and 1915, McCubbin visited Williamstown on numerous occasions and produced sketches and watercolours of the foreshore and the old shipyards. He also produced a major oil painting of the Williamstown docks in 1915. Williamstown was proclaimed a City on 17 May 1919. Construction of

682-489: A very different result with a huge swing against the government. The ALP's primary vote was 46.75% (compared to 61.7 in 2007), with the Liberal Party polling 32.5% of the primary vote. In the 2014 State Election , Noonan retained the seat with a primary vote of 44.6%. Primary schools in the area include St. Mary's Primary School, Williamstown Primary School and Williamstown North Primary School. State High schools in

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744-446: A vessel's holds, but otherwise onto and off its deck, by cranes or derricks present on the dock or on the ship itself. If hoisted on deck instead of straight into the hold, liftable or rolling unit loads, like bags, barrels/vats, boxes, cartons and crates, then have to be man-handled and stowed competently by stevedores . Securing break bulk and general freight inside a vessel, includes the use of dunnage . When no hoisting equipment

806-726: A visibility of 15 nautical miles (28 km) and operated as a lighthouse from 1934 to 1987. Also in 1946, nine Williamstown residents met to form the Williamstown Little Theatre Movement. Through the 1950s and 1960s, Williamstown Little Theatre had several homes in Williamstown; from the Mechanic's Institute to the Williamstown Town Hall Supper Room and the former Missions to Seamen building in Nelson Place. In 1967

868-547: A wide range in the pricing offered. If a shipper in the United States uses a broker, freight forwarder or another transportation intermediary, it is common for the shipper to receive a copy of the carrier's Federal Operating Authority. Freight brokers and intermediaries are also required by Federal Law to be licensed by the Federal Highway Administration . Experienced shippers avoid unlicensed brokers and forwarders because if brokers are working outside

930-534: A wooden one with an oil-burning beacon at the top, was erected at Point Gellibrand in 1840. In that same year a water police superintendent was appointed to Williamstown. Williamstown remains the present-day home of the Victorian Water Police. A bluestone lighthouse was built in 1849–50 to replace the original wooden one. It only operated as a lighthouse until 1860, when a Pile Light was built and anchored off Shelly Beach, after which it served as

992-534: Is a suburb in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , 11 km (6.8 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District , located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area . Williamstown recorded a population of 14,407 at the 2021 census . Indigenous Australians occupied the area long before maritime activities shaped the modern historical development of Williamstown. The Yalukit-willam clan of

1054-455: Is available, break bulk would previously be man-carried on and off the ship, over a plank, or by passing via human chain . Since the 1960s, the volume of break bulk cargo has enormously declined worldwide in favour of mass adoption of containers . Bulk cargo , such as salt , oil , tallow , but also scrap metal , is usually defined as commodities that are neither on pallets nor in containers. Bulk cargoes are not handled as individual pieces,

1116-636: Is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within. Seaport terminals handle a wide range of maritime cargoes . Break bulk / general cargo are goods that are handled and stowed piecemeal to some degree, as opposed to cargo in bulk or modern shipping containers . Typically bundled in batches for hoisting, either with cargo nets , slings, crates , or stacked on trays, pallets or skids; at best (and today mostly) lifted directly into and out of

1178-408: Is food, as supermarkets require deliveries daily to replenish their shelves with goods. Retailers and manufacturers of all kinds rely upon delivery trucks , be they full size semi trucks or smaller delivery vans . These smaller road haulage companies constantly strive for the best routes and prices to ship out their products. Indeed, the level of commercial freight transported by smaller businesses

1240-415: Is its lack of flexibility. For this reason, rail has lost much of the freight business to road transport. Rail freight is often subject to transshipment costs, since it must be transferred from one mode of transportation to another. Practices such as containerization aim at minimizing these costs. When transporting point-to-point bulk loads such as cement or grain, with specialised bulk handling facilities at

1302-598: Is more efficient and economical for a large shipment to have exclusive use of one larger trailer rather than share space on a smaller LTL trailer. By the Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula the total weight of a loaded truck (tractor and trailer, 5-axle rig) cannot exceed 80,000 lb (36,287 kg) in the United States. In ordinary circumstances, long-haul equipment will weigh about 15,000 kg (33,069 lb), leaving about 20,000 kg (44,092 lb) of freight capacity. Similarly

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1364-400: Is often a good barometer of healthy economic development as these types of vehicles move and transport anything literally, including couriers transporting parcels and mail. You can see the different types and weights of vehicles that are used to move cargo around . Less than truckload (LTL) cargo is the first category of freight shipment, representing the majority of freight shipments and

1426-489: The Boeing 747 and the more prominent An‑124 , which was purposely built for easy conversion into a cargo aircraft . Such large aircraft employ standardized quick-loading containers known as unit load devices (ULDs), comparable to ISO containers on cargo ships. ULDs can be stowed in the lower decks (front and rear) of several wide-body aircraft , and on the main deck of some narrow-bodies . Some dedicated cargo planes have

1488-832: The Indian Ocean , sailed into Hobsons Bay on the afternoon of 25 January 1865. An 1871 hearing at the International Court in Geneva awarded damages of £820,000 against Britain to the US government for use of the port at Williamstown by the CSS Shenandoah . Between 1857 and 1889, the main railway workshops of the Victorian Railways were at Point Gellibrand, and at their height covered 85% of Point Gellibrand. Imported steam locomotives were assembled at

1550-572: The Kororoit Creek . Williamstown is within the Victorian electoral district of Williamstown . The 2007 by-election was triggered by the resignation of Steve Bracks as both Premier of Victoria and the Member for Williamstown. Wade Noonan successfully contested the election with 61.7% of the primary vote. The Liberal Party did not contest the seat in 2007. The 2010 State Election saw

1612-649: The Kulin nation were the first people to call Hobsons Bay home. They roamed the thin coastal strip from Werribee to Williamstown/Hobsons Bay. The Yalukit-willam were one clan in a language group known as the Bunurong , which included six clans along the coast from the Werribee River , across the Mornington Peninsula , Western Port Bay to Wilsons Promontory . The Yalukit-willam referred to

1674-823: The Victorian Football League , and the Williamstown Cricket Club in the Victorian Sub-District Cricket Association . The ground was established as early as the 1850s as a venue for cricket in Williamstown, and for the Williamstown Cricket Club which formed around the same time. Senior football was not played regularly at the Williamstown Cricket Ground until 1886. The Williamstown Football Club

1736-582: The Williamstown Town Hall on Ferguson Street commenced a year earlier in 1918, but it was not officially opened until 1927. The Williamstown and Newport Anglers Club was formed in 1933 and rented premises at 221 Nelson Place, moving next door to 223 in March 1935. In August 1939, the club was granted a site on the Esplanade and in 1941 a clubhouse was opened. A jetty and slipway were built

1798-693: The Williamstown Workshops . After 1889 the extensive workshops were moved to nearby Newport . The Alfred Graving Dock is historically significant as the first graving dock in Victoria and the third in Australia at that time, for its role in the development of the shipping industry in Port Phillip, for its continuous use as a Dockyard since its completion and for association with William Wardell during his term as Inspector General of

1860-491: The DOT and have the requirements to provide proof of insurance. Truckload (TL) carriers usually charge a rate per kilometre or mile. The rate varies depending on the distance, geographic location of the delivery, items being shipped, equipment type required, and service times required. TL shipments usually receive a variety of surcharges very similar to those described for LTL shipments above. There are thousands more small carriers in

1922-721: The Port Phillip Yacht Club , moved to its present site at 120 Nelson Place, adjacent to Gem Pier. Williamstown North Primary School was established in 1874 and in that same year part of the market reserve was purchased from the Williamstown Council by the Education Department in order to build the Williamstown Primary School No. 1183. The Williamstown CYMS football club was formed in 1886 and remains one of

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1984-643: The Public Works Department. Williamstown Baptist Church was officially founded in 1868, though a congregation had begun to form eight years earlier in response to an advertisement in the Williamstown Chronicle dated Saturday, 24 November 1860. Baptismal services were performed at the back beach at Williamstown from 1861 through to 1868, the first being performed 10 March 1861 by the Rev. David Rees of South Yarra. The Oddfellows' Hall

2046-781: The TL market than in the LTL market. Therefore, the use of transportation intermediaries or brokers is widespread. Another cost-saving method is facilitating pickups or deliveries at the carrier's terminals. Carriers or intermediaries can provide shippers with the address and phone number for the closest shipping terminal to the origin and/or destination. By doing this, shippers avoid any accessorial fees that might normally be charged for liftgate, residential pickup/ delivery , inside pickup/delivery, or notifications/appointments. Shipping experts optimize their service and costs by sampling rates from several carriers, brokers and online marketplaces. When obtaining rates from different providers, shippers may find

2108-582: The Williamstown Baptist Sunday School called by Arthur Whitley (son of the Minister). Arthur Whitley became the first Captain and Fred Scott the first secretary. Williamstown Pier railway station was opened on 8 January 1905. The station existed primarily to serve the Williamstown docks precinct and was the terminus of the Williamstown line . In 1906, one of the largest undertakings attempted by ship repairers in Australia

2170-546: The Williamstown area as "koort-boork-boork", a term meaning "clump of she-oaks ", literally "She-oak, She-oak, many." In November 1835, Captain Robson Coltish, master of the barque Norval sailed from Launceston , then crossing Bass Strait with a cargo of 500 sheep and 50 Hereford cattle which had been consigned by Dr. Alexander Thomson . After reaching the coastline of Port Phillip , Captain Coltish chose

2232-606: The area include Bayside Secondary College and Williamstown High School , (Pasco and Bayview Street Campuses). The Junior School at the Williamstown campus of Westbourne Grammar School is housed in the National Trust classified Victorian mansion "Monomeith" at 67 The Strand. Cargo Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit

2294-629: The area now known as Port Gellibrand, as a suitable place to unload his cargo . When Governor Richard Bourke and Captain William Lonsdale visited the emergent settlement at Port Phillip in 1837, they both felt the main site of settlement at Point Gellibrand would emerge at the estuary and they renamed it William's Town after King William IV , then the English monarch. It served as the Settlement of Port Phillip's first anchorage and as

2356-518: The carriers, through brokers or with online marketplace services. In the US, there are certain restrictions on cargo moving via air freight on passenger aircraft, most notably the transport of rechargeable lithium-ion battery shipments. Shippers in the US must be approved and be "known" in the Known Shipper Management System before their shipments can be tendered on passenger aircraft. Trains are capable of transporting

2418-417: The centre for port facilities until the late 19th century. Williamstown was initially considered along with the sites that became known as Geelong and Melbourne for the capital of the new colony at Port Phillip. Although Williamstown offered excellent proximity to anchorage, Melbourne was ultimately chosen due to its abundance of fresh water. Wiliamstown remained an important port of the new colony, and

2480-409: The community responded to the increasing risk of accidents from a busy port, the railway workshops and the growing industrial area of Newport , Spotswood and Footscray to establish Melbourne's first suburban public general hospital. Williamstown Central Tennis Club is on a site at the corner of Ferguson Street and Melbourne Road. The Williamstown Lacrosse Club was founded in 1898 at a meeting in

2542-443: The first streets of old William's Town were laid out in 1837 with that in mind. The first land sales in the area took place in 1837. A 30-metre stone jetty was built by convict labour in 1838 where Gem Pier now stands. That same year a ferry service between Melbourne and Williamstown was established aboard the steamer Fire Fly . It was used to convey passengers, as well as sheep and cattle from Tasmania. The first lighthouse,

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2604-544: The following year. In 1934, the bluestone time ball tower (the former lighthouse) was extended by 30 feet (9.1 m) with a circular brick tower on top. The extension was then painted with a coat of aluminium paint and it was re-established as a lighthouse due to the loss of singularity against the light of the City behind the Point Gellibrand Pile Light. It was electric, gave a green and red light, had

2666-522: The law by not having a Federal Operating License, the shipper has no protection in case of a problem. Also, shippers typically ask for a copy of the broker's insurance certificate and any specific insurance that applies to the shipment. Overall, shipping costs have fallen over the past decades. A further drop in shipping costs in the future might be realized through the application of improved 3D printing technologies.   Governments are very concerned with cargo shipment, as it may bring security risks to

2728-431: The majority of business-to-business (B2B) shipments. LTL shipments are also often referred to as motor freight and the carriers involved are referred to as motor carriers . LTL shipments range from 50 to 7,000 kg (110 to 15,430 lb), being less than 2.5 to 8.5 m (8 ft 2.4 in to 27 ft 10.6 in) the majority of times. The average single piece of LTL freight is 600 kg (1,323 lb) and

2790-474: The old rifle range was preserved, refurbished and is now as a funeral home set in a large formal garden. The remaining 50 hectares was reserved for the protection of the surrounding environmentally sensitive area. This area, now known as the Jawbone Flora and Fauna Reserve consists of open grasslands for passive recreation, two wetland lakes, the saltmarsh and mangrove conservation area, Wader Beach and

2852-554: The oldest sporting clubs in Australia. The Hobsons Bay Yacht Club, situated on Nelson Place at the end of Ferguson Street and adjacent to the pier. The Yacht Club Hotel was built in 1892 at 207 Nelson Place, a site previously occupied by an iron-framed 'wooden' hotel called the Lord Clyde. It was owned by Carlton and West End Breweries, later the Carlton Brewery Ltd. The Williamstown Hospital opened in 1894 when

2914-407: The only shipment on a trailer. In fact, TL shipments usually deliver on exactly the same trailer as they are picked up on. Freight is usually organized into various shipment categories before it is transported. An item's category is determined by: Shipments are typically categorized as household goods, express, parcel, and freight shipments: An LTL shipper often realizes savings by utilizing

2976-498: The rail sidings, the rail mode of transport remains the most convenient and preferred option. Many governments are encouraging shippers to increase their use of rail rather than transport because of trains' lower environmental disbenefits. Many firms, like Parcelforce , FedEx and R+L Carriers transport all types of cargo by road. Delivering everything from letters to houses to cargo containers , these firms offer fast, sometimes same-day, delivery . A good example of road cargo

3038-464: The seaside ground picturesque, but also windswept, often affecting play during football games and making for cold conditions during winter. The venue was redeveloped between 2010 and 2012, which included refurbishing the Floyd Pavilion. A Crimean War era military bunker was unexpectedly uncovered beneath the outer during the redevelopment work. Williamstown, Victoria Williamstown

3100-1095: The security of this magnitude of cargo has become highlighted on the over 6 million cargo containers that enter the United States ports each year. The latest US Government response to this threat is the CSI: Container Security Initiative . CSI is a program intended to help increase security for containerized cargo shipped to the United States from around the world. Europe is also focusing on this issue, with several EU-funded projects underway. Many ways and materials are available to stabilize and secure cargo in various modes of transport. Conventional load securing methods and materials such as steel strapping and plastic/wood blocking and bracing have been used for decades and are still widely used. Present load-securing methods offer several other options, including polyester strapping and lashing, synthetic webbings and dunnage bags, also known as airbags or inflatable bags. Practical advice on stabilization

3162-450: The size of a standard pallet. Long freight and/or large freight are subject to extreme length and cubic capacity surcharges. Trailers used in LTL can range from 28 to 53 ft (8.53 to 16.15 m). The standard for city deliveries is usually 48 ft (14.63 m). In tight and residential environments the 28 ft (8.53 m) trailer is used the most. The shipments are usually palletized, stretch [shrink]-wrapped and packaged for

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3224-523: The theatre company moved into its current venue, a converted bakery on Albert Street. In 1948, an electoral redistribution saw Williamstown included in the new Australian Federal electoral Division of Gellibrand , named after Joseph Tice Gellibrand (1786–1836). It was proclaimed in 1949 and was first won in that year by the Australian Labor Party candidate, John Michael Mullens. He held the seat until 1955. The destroyer HMAS Anzac

3286-533: The timeball was moved to the Telegraph Station at Point Gellibrand. The Williamstown Chronicle , the first Victorian suburban newspaper, was established in 1854. The Williamstown Freemasons chapter was also established in 1854. Fort Gellibrand was built in 1855 during the Crimean War , to guard against a possible Russian invasion. The first lightship to mark the reef off Point Gellibrand

3348-493: The two football clubs amalgamated, and the new club began playing all of its home games at the ground with the agreement of the cricket club. One major grandstand, the W. L. Floyd Pavilion, was built during the 20th century, and is located on the south-western flank. It was initially opened in 1930, and in 1963 it was named after Larry Floyd, who served as club secretary in the 1930s and 1940s. The ground's location at Point Gellibrand, jutting slightly out into Port Phillip Bay, makes

3410-548: The way heavy-lift and project cargo are. Alumina , grain , gypsum , logs, and wood chips, for instance, are bulk cargoes. Bulk cargo is classified as liquid or dry . Air cargo refers to any goods shipped by air, whereas air freight refers specifically to goods transported in the cargo hold of a dedicated cargo plane. Aircraft were first used to carry mail as cargo in 1911. Eventually manufacturers started designing aircraft for other types of freight as well. There are many commercial aircraft suitable for carrying cargo such as

3472-454: Was commissioned at Williamstown Naval Dockyard on 14 March 1951 under the command of Commander John Plunkett-Cole RAN. The Merrett Rifle Range at Williamstown was the rifle-shooting venue for the 1956 Olympic Games . In May 1962, the City of Williamstown annexed 83 hectares (210 acres) from the Shire of Altona . The Pile Light anchored off Shelly Beach in 1860 was destroyed in 1976 when it

3534-580: Was hit by the Melbourne Trader , a vessel of 7,000 tonnes. The force of the collision snapped the piles at waterline area, the light was sheared off its piles at water level, pushed 7 metres (23 feet) sideways, and was left hanging precariously on several of the remaining piles. The Urban Land Authority developed 60 hectares of the estate for housing and related commercial and community activities. Residential allotments were progressively released for sale from May 1991. The historic armoury building of

3596-517: Was once one of the senior thoroughbred racing clubs in Victoria. Built in 1872, the Williamstown Racecourse, with its large and elaborately decorated grandstand facing out to the sea, was considered one of the finest in Australia. The Williamstown Football Club , an Australian rules football club was formed in 1864. The Confederate States Navy warship CSS Shenandoah , which had successfully attacked several Union ships in

3658-854: Was rented for services from December 1868. The Presbyterian schoolroom in Cecil Street was later used, followed by the Temperance Hall from April 1870. The Tabernacle, now the Church of Christ on Douglas Parade, was used after this. In January 1876 services reverted to the Oddfellows' Hall. In 1884 the Baptist Church building on Cecil Street was officially opened. In 1873, the Royal Yacht Club of Victoria, founded in May 1853 as

3720-739: Was successfully accomplished at the Williamstown Dockyard. SS Peregrine , a 1,660 GRT vessel of the Howard Smith Line, was lengthened amidships by 40 feet (12 m). This was perhaps the first jumboising operation undertaken in Australia. The Williamstown Hospital was expanded with the addition of the Male Ward in 1911 and the Female Ward in 1917. Heidelberg School impressionist artist Walter Withers painted numerous landscapes of Williamstown around 1910, at

3782-713: Was the former barque New Constitution which the Government purchased in October 1856 for £1050. It took up station on 25 July 1859. In May 1860, tenders were called for construction of a new lightship off Point Gellibrand. The new lightship consisted of two white lights of equal height, 24 feet (7.3 m) apart, and was shown from a temporary anchor in 4.5 fathoms of water. This lightship guarded Gellibrand's Point reef from 1861 until 1895. Williamstown Post Office (the oldest post office building still standing in Victoria) and

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3844-486: Was unable to agree to terms with the cricket club for use of the ground, forcing the football club to play its matches without charging for admission at the unfenced Gardens Reserve; as a direct result of this dispute, a new senior football club, the South Williamstown Football Club , was established, and received permission to play its matches at the cricket ground. In 1888, the dispute ended;

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