26-704: Windsor Hills or Windsor Hill or variant may refer to: United Kingdom [ edit ] Windsor Hill , a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Buckinghamshire Windsor Hill Marsh , a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset Windsor Hill Quarry , a geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset United States [ edit ] Windsor Hills,
52-633: A narrow belt along the Himalayas to cover mainland and island Southeast Asia as far as Sumatra , Java , Borneo , and Palawan . Finally, oaks of multiple sections ( Cyclobalanopsis , Ilex , Cerris , Quercus and related genera like Lithocarpus and Castanopsis ) extend across east Asia including China, Korea, and Japan. Potential records of Quercus have been reported from Late Cretaceous deposits in North America and East Asia. These are not considered definitive, as macrofossils older than
78-485: A range of flavours, colours, and aromas. The spongy bark of the cork oak is used to make traditional wine bottle corks. Almost a third of oak species are threatened with extinction due to climate change, invasive pests , and habitat loss . In culture, the oak tree is a symbol of strength and serves as the national tree of many countries. In Indo-European and related religions, the oak is associated with thunder gods . Individual oak trees of cultural significance include
104-508: A single oak tree produces both staminate ('male') flowers in the form of catkins , and small pistillate ('female') flowers, meaning that the trees are monoecious . The fruit is a nut called an acorn , borne in a cup-like structure known as a cupule ; each acorn usually contains one seed and takes 6–18 months to mature, depending on the species. The acorns and leaves contain tannic acid , which helps to guard against fungi and insects. There are some 500 extant species of oaks. Trees in
130-557: A small area of the west of Cuba ; in Mesoamerica it occurs mainly above 1000 metres. The genus crossed the isthmus of Panama when the northern and southern continents came together and is present as one species, Q. humboldtii , above 1000 metres in Colombia. The oaks of North America are of many sections ( Protobalanus , Lobatae , Ponticae , Quercus , and Virentes ) along with related genera such as Notholithocarpus . In
156-832: A subdivision of the View Park-Windsor Hills , California, census-designated place Windsor Hills, a neighborhood of Forest Park, Baltimore Windsor Hills Historic District , Baltimore, Maryland Windsor Hills, Austin, Texas Windsor Hills, Delaware Windsor Hills, a camp in Windsor, New Hampshire Windsor Hills, a vacation resort community in Kissimmee, Florida See also [ edit ] Windsor (disambiguation) East Windsor Hill Historic District Windsor Hill Primary School Windsor Mountain School [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
182-535: Is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family . They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn , borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen . Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene . Molecular phylogeny shows that the genus
208-795: Is associated with various other typical chalk shrubs and chalk grassland with an abundance of the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum and common valerian ( Valeriana officinalis ). There are patches of bare chalk with forget-me-nots ( Myosotis species) and common mullein ( Verbascum thapsus ). On Kop Hill, hawthorn dominates the scrub, and the grassland is less mossy. Several localised plant species such as squinancywort ( Asperula cynanchica ) chalk eyebright ( Euphrasia pseudokerneri ), horseshoe vetch ( Hippocrepis comosa ), autumn gentian ( Gentianella amarella ) and clustered bellflower ( Campanula glomerata ) occur. A further small area of chalk grassland dominated by wood false-brome ( Brachypodium sylvaticum ) and glaucous sedge ( Carex flacca ) occurs at
234-674: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Windsor Hill Windsor Hill is a 61.8-hectare (153-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Princes Risborough in Buckinghamshire . It lies within the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty , and it is featured in the Nature Conservation Review . A small part
260-471: Is divided into Old World and New World clades , but many oak species hybridise freely, making the genus's history difficult to resolve. Ecologically, oaks are keystone species in habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert to subtropical rainforest . They live in association with many kinds of fungi including truffles . Oaks support more than 950 species of caterpillar , many kinds of gall wasp which form distinctive galls , roundish woody lumps such as
286-452: Is from Old English ac (seen in placenames such as Acton , from ac + tun , "oak village" ), which in turn is from Proto-Germanic *aiks , "oak". Oaks are hardwood ( dicotyledonous ) trees, deciduous or evergreen, with spirally arranged leaves , often with lobate margins ; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins. Many deciduous species are marcescent , not dropping dead leaves until spring. In spring,
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#1732794191519312-523: Is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust , and access to this area requires a permit. The wood consists of an extensive tract of the Chiltern escarpment. It contains beech woodlands, scrub and chalk grassland . It is one of three extant British locations for the red helleborine orchid. The beech woodlands incorporate communities characteristic of soils on
338-643: The Paleogene , and possibly from before the Eocene are mostly poorly preserved without critical features for certain identification. Amongst the oldest unequivocal records of Quercus are pollen from Austria, dating to the Paleocene -Eocene boundary, around 55 million years ago. The oldest records of Quercus in North America are from Oregon , dating to the Middle Eocene, around 44 million years ago, with
364-853: The Royal Oak in Britain, the Charter Oak in the United States, and the Guernica Oak in the Basque Country . The generic name Quercus is Latin for "oak", derived from Proto-Indo-European *kwerkwu- , "oak", which is also the origin of the name " fir ", another important or sacred tree in Indo-European culture. The word "cork", for the bark of the cork oak , similarly derives from Quercus . The common name "oak"
390-436: The oak apple , and a large number of pests and diseases. Oak leaves and acorns contain enough tannin to be toxic to cattle, but pigs are able to digest them safely. Oak timber is strong and hard, and has found many uses in construction and furniture-making. The bark was traditionally used for tanning leather . Wine barrels are made of oak; these are used for aging alcoholic beverages such as sherry and whisky , giving them
416-475: The Clay-with-flints of the Chiltern plateau and the chalky deposits of the scarp slopes. Associated with the beech on the plateau are oak and occasional birch whilst on the slopes, the associated species are ash and whitebeam . Both even-aged and more mixed stands are represented, the latter typically with a shrub layer including gorse and honeysuckle on the plateau, and elder and hazel on
442-706: The Old World, oaks of section Quercus extend across the whole of Europe including European Russia apart from the far north, and north Africa (north of the Sahara) from Morocco to Libya. In Mediterranean Europe, they are joined by oaks of the sections Cerris and Ilex , which extend across Turkey, the Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan , while section Ponticae is endemic to the western Caucasus in Turkey and Georgia . Oaks of section Cyclobalanopsis extend in
468-587: The foot of Pink Hill. 23 species of butterflies have been recorded, including brown hairstreak ( Thecla betulae ), which requires scrub thickets and woodland edge habitats. The juniper colony supports several species of insects specific to this host plant. The snail fauna includes Abida secale , Helicella itala and Pomatias elegans . There is access from Kop Hill Road and Peters Lane. 51°37′01″N 0°49′14″W / 51.616849°N 0.820652°W / 51.616849; -0.820652 Oak See also List of Quercus species . An oak
494-404: The genus Quercus consisted of Old World and New World clades. The entire genome of Quercus robur (the pedunculate oak) has been sequenced , revealing an array of mutations that may underlie the evolution of longevity and disease resistance in oaks. In addition, hundreds of oak species have been compared (at RAD-seq loci), allowing a detailed phylogeny to be constructed. However,
520-641: The genus are often large and slow-growing; Q. alba can reach an age of 600 years, a diameter of 13 feet (4.0 m) and a height of 145 feet (44 m). The Granit oak in Bulgaria, a Q. robur specimen, has an estimated age of 1637 years, making it the oldest oak in Europe. The Wi'aaSal tree, a live oak in the reservation of the Pechanga Band of Indians , California, is at least 1000 years old, and might be as much as 2000 years old, which would make it
546-519: The largest number of oak species, with approximately 160 species in Mexico, of which 109 are endemic, and about 90 in the United States. The second greatest area of oak diversity is China, with approximately 100 species. In the Americas, Quercus is widespread from Vancouver and Nova Scotia in the south of Canada, south to Mexico and across the whole of the eastern United States. It is present in
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#1732794191519572-560: The oldest oak in the US. Among the smallest oaks is Q. acuta , the Japanese evergreen oak. It forms a bush or small tree to a height of some 30 feet (9.1 m). The genus Quercus is native to the Northern Hemisphere and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas , Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America has
598-877: The oldest records in Asia from the Middle Eocene of Japan; both forms have affinities to the Cyclobalanopsis group. Quercus forms part, or rather two parts, of the Quercoideae subfamily of the Fagaceae , the beech family. Modern molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships: Fagus (beeches) Trigonobalanus (3 evergreen species) Lithocarpus (stone oaks) Chrysolepis (chinquapins) Quercus pro parte Notholithocarpus (tan oak) Quercus pro parte Castanopsis (also called chinquapins) Castanea (chestnuts) Molecular techniques for phylogenetic analysis show that
624-555: The rushes Juncus effusus and J. conglomeratus are present in damper areas. On the slopes dog's-mercury ( Mercurialis perennis ) and woodruff ( Galium odoratum ) are abundant, while more local species include nettle-leaved bellflower ( Campanula trachelium ), white ( Cephalanthera damasonium ), broad-leaved ( Epipactis helleborine ) and narrow-lipped ( E. leptochila )helleborines, yellow bird's-nest ( Monotropa hypopitys ) and scaly male-fern ( Dryopteris affinis ). Juniper scrub occurs on Windsor Hill itself, where it
650-431: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windsor_Hills&oldid=1043593824 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
676-518: The slopes. On the plateau, brambles , bracken and rosebay willowherb occupy extensive patches, but a more mixed ground flora occurs between these, including creeping soft-grass ( Holcus mollis ), hairy brome ( Bromus ramosus ), tufted hair-grass ( Deschampsia cespitosa ), wood millet ( Milium effusum ) and wood melick ( Melica uniflora ). Pill sedge ( Carex pilulifera ), hairy wood-rush ( Luzula pilosa ) and slender St. John's-wort ( Hypericum pulchrum ) are found in more heathy areas, and
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