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27-564: North American Aviation began development of the Sabreliner as an in-house project, and in response to the UTX request for proposals, offered a military version to the USAF. UTX combined two different roles, personnel transport and combat readiness training, into the same aircraft. The civilian version prototype, which carried the model number NA-265 , made its first flight on September 16, 1958. It

54-681: A former USAF T-39A, which had been converted to civilian use and refurbished at Van Nuys Airport . An Egyptian pilot and bin Laden proxy, Essam al-Ridi , lawfully purchased the aircraft from a U.S. broker in California in 1992, claiming to represent wealthy Egyptians. Al Ridi reported to have personally delivered the plane to bin Laden—who was then exiled in Khartoum , Sudan —in January 1993. There,

81-490: A large number of landings per flight hour, increased bird strike resistance and an additional fuselage fuel tank. A total of 180 T-1 trainers were delivered between 1992 and 1997. The first T-1A was delivered to Reese Air Force Base , Texas, in January 1992, and student training began in 1993. Another military variant is the Japan Air Self-Defense Force T-400 (400T) trainer, which shares

108-499: A new engine based on the General Electric J85-GE-21B named "OWJ" and presented it at a defense exhibition on 22 August 2016. The Owj engine has been used in several Iranian products like Kowsar , Saeghe and Azarakhsh fighter jets or Yasin training jet. Data from Related development Comparable engines Related lists Beechcraft T-1 Jayhawk The Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk

135-617: A radar trainer for pilots of that aircraft. The T-39D aircraft was subsequently introduced into the Basic Naval Aviation Observer (NAO), later Student Naval Flight Officer (SNFO) program. Three versions of the T-39D were used throughout the 1960s, '70s, and '80s: one without radar for high altitude instrument navigation training and low altitude visual navigation training in the SNFO Intermediate syllabus;

162-533: A rear-mounted fan for improved fuel economy . The J85 was originally designed to power a large decoy missile, the McDonnell ADM-20 Quail . The Quail was designed to be released from a B-52 Stratofortress in-flight and fly for long distances in formation with the launch aircraft, multiplying the number of targets facing the SA-2 surface-to-air missile operators on the ground. This mission demanded

189-853: A second variant equipped with the APQ-126 radar from the LTV A-7 Corsair II for training primarily bombardier/navigators, reconnaissance attack navigators, and electronic countermeasures officers in attack aircraft; and a third variant with the APQ-94 radar for training pilots of the Vought F-8 Crusader . The T-39N and T-39G are currently used in the NFO Strike and Strike Fighter syllabi in training USN and USMC student Naval Flight Officers , as well as various NATO /allied/coalition student navigators. Foreign students also train in

216-584: A select few of the most notable ones. Data from T-39 Sabreliner on Boeing History site General characteristics Performance Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era General Electric YJ85 The General Electric J85 is a small single-shaft turbojet engine. Military versions produce up to 3,500  lb f (16  kN ) of thrust dry; afterburning variants can reach up to 5,000 lb f (22 kN). The engine, depending upon additional equipment and specific model, weighs from 300 to 500 pounds (140 to 230 kg). It

243-613: A small engine that could nevertheless provide enough power to keep up with the jet bomber. Like the similar Armstrong Siddeley Viper being built in the UK, the engine on a Quail drone had no need to last for extended periods of time, so therefore could be built of low-quality materials. The fit was a success on the Quail, but again like the Viper it was later built with normal grade materials and subsequently used to power small jet aircraft, including

270-614: Is a twin-engined jet aircraft used by the United States Air Force for advanced pilot training. T-1A students go on to fly airlift and tanker aircraft. The T-400 is a similar version for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force . The T-1A Jayhawk is a medium-range, twin-engine jet trainer used in the advanced phase of Air Force Joint Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training for students selected to fly strategic/tactical airlift or tanker aircraft. It

297-409: Is capable of generating up to 2,100 lb f (9.3 kN) of dry thrust, or more with an afterburner. At full throttle at sea level, this engine, without afterburner, consumes approximately 400 US gallons (1,500 L) of fuel per hour. At cruise altitude and power, it consumes approximately 100 US gal (380 L) per hour. Several variants were produced. The most advanced variant in

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324-556: Is one of GE's most successful and longest in service military jet engines, with the civilian versions having logged over 16.5 million hours of operation. The United States Air Force plans to continue using the J85 in aircraft through 2040. Civilian models, known as the CJ610 , are similar but supplied without an afterburner and are identical to non-afterburning J85 variants, while the CF700 adds

351-537: Is used also for training Air Force Combat Systems Officers in high and low level flight procedures during the advanced phase of training. It also augmented or served in lieu of the T-39 Sabreliner in the Intermediate phase of US Navy / Marine Corps Student Naval Flight Officer training until the joint Air Force-Navy/Marine Corps training pipeline split in 2010 and now remains solely in operation with

378-469: The F-86 , the Sabreliner is the only business jet authorised for aerobatics and is used by two California companies: Flight Research Inc. and Patriots Jet Team , for inflight upset -recovery training to reduce loss-of-control , involving full stalls , fully inverted flight , and 20-40° descents in a 2.8g envelope, within its 3g rating. Between 1993 and 1994, Osama bin Laden reportedly owned and used

405-782: The Northrop T-38 Talon , Northrop F-5 , Canadair CT-114 Tutor , and Cessna A-37 Dragonfly light attack aircraft. More recently, J85s have powered the Scaled Composites White Knight aircraft, the carrier for the Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne spacecraft, and the Me 262 Project . The basic engine design is quite small, about 17.7 inches (45 cm) in diameter, and 45.4 inches (115 cm) long. It features an eight-stage axial-flow compressor powered by two turbine stages, and

432-582: The Series 65 . Sabreliner models 60 and 80 were retrofitted with the Mark V wing as the Series 60A (STC SA687NW) and Series 80A (STC SA847NW). Sabreliner production came to a close in 1981. The next year, Rockwell sold its Sabreliner division to a private equity firm which formed Sabreliner Corporation, the support organization for continuing operators. Over 800 Sabreliners were produced, of which 200 were T-39s. A number of retired military T-39s have also entered

459-464: The Series 80 ). By 1973, North American had merged with Rockwell Standard under the name Rockwell International . In 1976 Rockwell contracted Raisbeck Engineering to redesign the wing of the Sabreliner series. The resulting Raisbeck Mark V wing was the first supercritical wing in service in the United States. The Mark V wing was combined with Garrett TFE731 turbofan engines, to create

486-681: The Vietnam War . In late 1965 T-39s replaced Martin B-57 Canberras on flights to transport high-priority cargo, such as exposed film from photoreconnaissance missions, from outlying bases to Saigon. The original Navy version, the T3J-1 , redesignated T-39D after the 1962 redesignation of USN/USMC/USCG aircraft , was initially fitted with the radar system from the McDonnell F3H-1 Demon all-weather fighter and used as

513-515: The J85 series is the J85-21 model designed specifically for the F-5E/F during its development process. The J85-21 design replaces AM 355 chromium nickel molybdenum stainless steel alloy, used by previous J85 models for compressor rotors and blades, with a titanium alloy. Its inlet diameter was increased from 17.7 in (45 cm) to 20.8 in (53 cm), and it included an added stage ahead of

540-659: The T-39 in place of the Beechcraft T-1 Jayhawk during the Intermediate Jet syllabus. The Sabreliner requires a minimum crew of two and, depending on cabin configuration, can carry up to seven passengers (NA-265 through NA-265-40) or ten passengers (NA-265-60 and subsequent models). As a Navy flight training aircraft, it will typically fly with a pilot, one or two NFO instructors, and two to three student NFOs or student navigators/CSOs. Being derived from

567-672: The U.S. Air Force, leaving the Navy with the Sabreliner pending its eventual replacement. The T-1 Jayhawk shares the same letter and number as the long retired T-1 SeaStar under the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system . The swept-wing T-1A is a military version of the Beechjet/Hawker 400A . It has cockpit seating for an instructor and two students and is powered by twin turbofan engines capable of an operating speed of Mach .78. The T-1A differs from its commercial counterpart with structural enhancements that provide for

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594-446: The base 8-stage compressor for a total of 9 stages. Its multiple disk rotors were replaced with a single-spool rotor, thus improving dry thrust to 3,600 lb f (16 kN) and wet thrust to 5,000 lb f (22 kN) while reducing mechanical complexity along with the weight gain of the J85-21 model. More than 12,000 J85 engines had been built by the time production ended in 1988. The Iranian Ministry of Defense constructed

621-504: The civilian world since the military versions also carry FAA type certification. As of May 2007, 56 examples have been lost in accidents. The Series 65 was the last series run and 76 of them were produced, mostly for the private market. Monsanto has the oldest continuously operating company corporate jet division starting with its purchase of a Sabreliner 40. T-39s were used in support of combat operations in Southeast Asia during

648-469: The controls (the aircraft is fitted with dual controls). In later years, Ali testified that, in 1995, bin Laden asked him to ram the plane against that of Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak , despite the aircraft having never been repaired after the Khartoum accident. As of December 2019, there have been 62 recorded incidents and accidents involving the Sabreliner, resulting in 153 deaths. Listed below are

675-615: The jet was reportedly used to ferry five Al-Qaeda operatives to Kenya to agitate tribal insurgency against US peacekeeping troops in nearby Somalia ; one of the passengers was allegedly senior bin Laden deputy Mohammed Atef . More than a year later, around October 1994, the jet overran the runway in Khartoum Airport and crashed into a sand dune. The aircraft was badly damaged and subsequently abandoned due to high anticipated repair costs; both al Ridi and Al-Qaeda-trained pilot Ihab Mohammad Ali separately claimed to have been at

702-644: Was powered by two General Electric YJ85 turbojet engines. The type received its Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) type certificate in April 1963. The UTX candidate, designated the T-39A , was identical in configuration to the NA-265, but when the contract was awarded and the T-39A entered production, it was powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT12A-8 turbojet engines. The civilian production version, or Series 40 ,

729-405: Was slightly refined over the prototype, with more speed and a roomier cabin. North American then stretched the design by 3 feet 2 inches (0.97 m), providing greater cabin space, and marketed it as the Series 60 , which was certificated in April 1967. The cabin was made taller for the Series 70 and General Electric CF700 turbofans were installed for the Series 75A (also branded as

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