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29-491: TE1 , TE-1 or TE.1 may refer to: Aircraft [ edit ] Albert TE.1 , a French sport aircraft Eklund TE-1 , a Finnish sport aircraft Temco TE-1 Buckaroo , an American military trainer aircraft Other uses [ edit ] TE1 , a Soviet copy of the American locomotive ALCO RSD-1 Te-1 rocket propelled mine , a Chinese naval mine (12305) 1991 TE1 ,

58-563: A "double wishbone," suspension system which exclusively uses shock absorbers. Sports cars seem to favor this suspension style; however, the Porsche 911 favors traditional struts. Struts keeps your suspension aligned, along with numerous other functions. To check if a set of struts is failing; simply walk to each side of the wheel and begin to bounce the car up and down. As the car is pushed down, let it bounce back into position. If it continues to bounce up and down, consider taking your vehicle to

87-405: A bearing, but only for the cases, when the strut mounts operate as steering pivots. For such struts, the bearing is the wear item, as it is subject to constant impact of vibration and its condition reflects both wheel alignment and steering response. In vehicle suspension systems, struts are most commonly an assembly of coil-over spring and shock absorber. Other variants to using a coil-over spring as

116-480: A cantilever, one-piece parasol wing built around two wooden box spars , covered with plywood . In plan its trailing edge was straight and unswept and over the inner 50% of the span the leading edge was parallel to it; in the outboard portion the leading edge was curved elliptically. The wing was attached to the raised centre of the fuselage and braced to each fuselage side with a pair of very short struts . With only six attachment points, involving twelve bolts, it

145-524: A different TE.1 participated. Again it was handicapped against two-seaters and was only at mid-table before the final reliability test, which it failed to complete. On 20 June 1927 a TE.1, flown by Albert, set a French altitude record in the lightplane class at 5,535 m (18,159 ft). Data from L'Aérophile (1926), Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928, Aviafrance:Albert TE.1 General characteristics Performance Strut A strut

174-547: A minor planet Woodlands North MRT station , Singapore [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TE1&oldid=1255648716 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

203-569: A round trip of 3,000 km (1,900 mi). The same aircraft, along with another TE.1, was amongst eight contestants in the Concours d'Avions Économiques or light-plane contest held at Orly between 9-15 August 1926. The aim was to decide the most practical of the five different types, including ease of folding/wing detachment for road transport, the ability to accommodate parachutes and fire protection, as well as performance (take off distance, climb, speed) and fuel efficiency; more controversial

232-480: A tie beam or a king post to a principal rafter. Struts may be vertically plumb or leaning (then called canted, raking, or angled) and may be straight or curved. In the U.K., strut is generally used in a sense of a lighter duty piece: a king post carries a ridge beam but a king strut does not, a queen post carries a plate but a queen strut does not, a crown post carries a crown plate but a crown strut does not. Strutting or blocking between floor joists adds strength to

261-400: Is a structural component commonly found in engineering , aeronautics , architecture and anatomy . Struts generally work by resisting longitudinal compression , but they may also serve in tension. Part of the functionality of the clavicle is to serve as a strut between the scapula and sternum , resisting forces that would otherwise bring the upper limb close to the thorax . Keeping

290-473: Is an air strut which combines the shock absorber with an air spring and can be designed in the same fashion as a coilover device. These come available in most types of suspension setups including beam axle and MacPherson strut style design. Transportation-related struts are used in "load bearing" applications ranging from both highway and off-road suspensions to automobile hood and hatch window supports to aircraft wing supports. The majority of struts feature

319-480: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Albert TE.1 During the early 1920s, considerable effort across northern Europe went into the development of very small and economical aircraft, exemplified for example by those at the British Lympne light aircraft trials and at the 1925 meeting at Vauville . Despite some progress with, for example,

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348-515: Is used heavily in the building industry and is often used in the support of cable trays and other forms of cable management , and pipes support systems. Bracing struts and wires of many kinds were extensively used in early aircraft to stiffen and strengthen, and sometimes even to form, the main functional airframe. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s they fell out of use in favour of the low drag cantilever construction. Most aircraft bracing struts are principally loaded in compression, with wires taking

377-527: The Pander D or the Caudron C.109 , suitable engines were few; aircraft could take off on as little as 15 kW (20 hp) but not do much more and available 45 kW (60 hp) units were heavy. Albert Aviation decided that the 30 kW (40 hp) Salmson 9 AD nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engine was the best compromise. In 1926 this engine was installed in a small, single seat aircraft called

406-479: The Albert TE.1, designed by Robert Duhamel, this aircraft had previously flown in 1925 powered by a 30 kW (40 hp) water-cooled Vaslin V 6 B V6 engine , which had a square radiator on the nose. The TE, or Te in the designation acknowledged the use of multi-layer mahogany skinning methods developed by Alphonse Tellier and widely applied to the construction of early monocoque fuselages . It had

435-473: The TE.1 remains uncertain but it had completed its official testing at Villacoublay before April 1926. It was economical, with an optimum fuel consumption of about 16 km/L or 45 mpg, and was fully aerobatic. It was proposed as a potential single-seat trainer, a mail plane or a military communications aircraft; it could also be equipped with a machine gun "in place of cavalry". Three different Albert TE.1s were at

464-522: The car bodies as part of the manufacturers' own assembly operations. A MacPherson strut combines the primary function of a shock absorber (as a damper ), with the ability to support sideways loads not along its axis of compression, somewhat similar to a sliding pillar suspension, thus eliminating the need for an upper suspension arm . This means that a strut must have a more rugged design, with mounting points near its middle for attachment of such loads. Another common type of strut used in air suspension

493-499: The chassis and/or body, or active components of the suspension. An example of an active unit would be a coilover design in an automotive suspension . The coilover combines a shock absorber and a spring in a single unit. A common form of automotive suspension strut in an automobile is the MacPherson strut . MacPherson struts are often purchased by the automakers in sets of four completed sub-assemblies: These can be mounted on

522-419: The compressible load bearer include support via pressurized nitrogen gas acting as the spring, and rigid (hard tail) support which provides neither longitudinal compression/extension nor damping. Struts were created in the 1970s in which automakers transitioned from large rear-wheeled drive vehicles to more fuel-efficient front-wheeled drive vehicles. The entire suspension system was changed in accordance to meet

551-405: The floor system. Struts provide outwards-facing support in their lengthwise direction, which can be used to keep two other components separate, performing the opposite function of a tie . In piping, struts restrain movement of a component in one direction while allowing movement or contraction in another direction. Strut channel made from steel , aluminium , or fibre-reinforced plastic

580-490: The new style of vehicles. The new styles of vehicles left less room for the traditional system, which was called the short-arm/ long-arm suspension systems. This caused the MacPherson strut system to become the new standard for all automobiles including front-wheeled and rear-wheeled vehicles. The MacPherson strut system does not require an upper control arm, bushings, or a pivot shaft like previous models. Struts are not necessarily needed components on vehicles which separate

609-440: The springs and shock absorbers, while the shocks support no weight. There are also some vehicles with the option of only having one pair of struts on one set of wheels while the other pair uses a separate selection of shocks and springs. This singular pair of struts are almost always a MacPherson strut . These choices are made for various reasons including the balance of initial cost, performance, and other elements. Some vehicles use

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638-408: The tailplane. The TE.1 had a wide-track (1,550 mm (61 in)) tailskid undercarriage with mainwheels on faired , cranked half-axles hinged from the central fuselage underside, their ends independently bungee sprung from the vertices of faired V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons . Its tailskid was a double cantilever steel leaf spring . The exact date of the first flight of

667-546: The tension loads. Lift struts came into increasing use during the changeover period and remain in use on smaller aircraft today where ultimate performance is not an issue. Typically, they are applied to a high wing monoplane and act in tension during flight. Struts have also been widely used for purely structural reasons to attach engines, landing gear and other loads. The oil-sprung legs of retractable landing gear are still called Oleo struts . As components of an automobile chassis , struts can be passive braces to reinforce

696-557: The two Orly light plane contests and another was built under licence in the U.S.. There is a report from the 1928 Orly event that Avions Albert were constructing a more powerful version, the Albert TE.2 . It had a 95 hp (71 kW) engine and seated two, side by side, for training. It is not known if this aircraft was completed. In the summer of 1926 Thoret flew a TE.1 on two notable out and return flights. The first, flown in six stages, each lasting between five and nine hours,

725-418: The upper limb away from the thorax is vital for its range of motion . Complete lack of clavicles may be seen in cleidocranial dysostosis , and the abnormal proximity of the shoulders to the median plane exemplifies the clavicle's importance as a strut. Strut is a common name in timber framing for a support or brace of scantlings lighter than a post. Frequently struts are found in roof framing from either

754-414: Was an economy coefficient which deliberately enhanced the final scores of two-seaters on the grounds of their greater practicality. The two Albert machines were the fastest present and were placed first and second before the economy coefficient was applied, after which they fell behind the two two-seat Avia BH-11s into third and fourth place. There was another Orly light aircraft meeting in 1928, in which

783-408: Was easy to separate wing and fuselage for transport. Narrow, long-span ailerons filled more than two-thirds of the trailing edge; these were operated by control rods , rather than wires. The fuselage was constructed from spruce and ply box girders and was ply covered, with flat sides and bottom and a pitched top. The engine was mounted uncowled on a steel tube frame and the open single cockpit

812-459: Was from Paris (Villacoublay) to Venice. He left on 5 June 1926 and returned eleven days later after flying some 2,500 km (1,600 mi) and crossing the Alps at 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The following month he flew from Paris to Warsaw , leaving on 16 July and arriving, via Prague , the next day. Early next morning he took off for Paris, returning non-stop in just over ten hours and ending

841-429: Was half under the trailing edge, allowing clear views above and below the wing. Its empennage was conventional and of similar construction to the wing; the tailplane was mounted at mid-fuselage and had a plan similar to that of the wing, with full span, narrow chord elevators controlled by rods. The vertical fin was quadrant shaped and carried a cable controlled semi-circular rudder that extended down as far as

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