Misplaced Pages

#551448

36-539: TEG may refer to: Triethylene glycol Thromboelastography TEG (board game) , an Argentine Risk-based board game Tenés Empanadas Graciela , a computer game inspired by the above board game TEG Federal Credit Union , a New York bank Thermoelectric generator , a device that can convert heat into electricity The Edrington Group , A Scotch Whisky and spirits manufacturer based in Scotland Teg, Umeå ,

72-527: A boiling point of 286.5 °C and a freezing point of −7 °C. It is also soluble in ethanol , acetone , acetic acid , glycerine , pyridine , aldehydes ; slightly soluble in diethyl ether ; and insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons . TEG is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst , followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono (one)-, di (two)-, tri (three)- and tetraethylene glycols. TEG

108-409: A lot on the source of energy (for example gas burnt to provide high temperatures ) but that from naptha is certainly more per kg of feedstock. Both steam cracking and production from natural gas via ethane are estimated to emit 1.8 to 2kg of CO2 per kg ethylene produced, totalling over 260 million tonnes a year. This is more than all other manufactured chemicals except cement and ammonia. According to

144-442: A niche use is as an anesthetic agent (in an 85% ethylene/15% oxygen ratio). Another use is as a welding gas. It is also used as a refrigerant gas for low temperature applications under the name R-1150. Global ethylene production was 107 million tonnes in 2005, 109 million tonnes in 2006, 138 million tonnes in 2010, and 141 million tonnes in 2011. By 2013, ethylene was produced by at least 117 companies in 32 countries. To meet

180-536: A precursor to propionic acid and n-propyl alcohol . Ethylene has long represented the major nonfermentative precursor to ethanol . The original method entailed its conversion to diethyl sulfate , followed by hydrolysis. The main method practiced since the mid-1990s is the direct hydration of ethylene catalyzed by solid acid catalysts : Ethylene is dimerized by hydrovinylation to give n -butenes using processes licensed by Lummus or IFP . The Lummus process produces mixed n -butenes (primarily 2-butenes ) while

216-521: A section of the city of Umeå, in Sweden The Teg , a small stream in Berkshire, England Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge , a set of examinations for adult learners of Irish Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title TEG . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

252-424: Is a member of a homologous series of polyethylene glycols . It is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point. Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products, TEG is known for its hygroscopic quality and its ability to dehumidify fluids. This liquid is miscible with water, and at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa ) has

288-416: Is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits . The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol . This hydrocarbon has four hydrogen atoms bound to a pair of carbon atoms that are connected by a double bond . All six atoms that comprise ethylene are coplanar . The H-C-H angle is 117.4°, close to the 120° for ideal sp² hybridized carbon. The molecule

324-480: Is also relatively weak: rotation about the C-C bond is a very low energy process that requires breaking the π-bond by supplying heat at 50 °C. The π-bond in the ethylene molecule is responsible for its useful reactivity. The double bond is a region of high electron density , thus it is susceptible to attack by electrophiles . Many reactions of ethylene are catalyzed by transition metals, which bind transiently to

360-401: Is primarily used to make films in packaging , carrier bags and trash liners . Linear alpha-olefins , produced by oligomerization (formation of short-chain molecules) are used as precursors , detergents , plasticisers , synthetic lubricants , additives, and also as co-monomers in the production of polyethylenes. Ethylene is oxidized to produce ethylene oxide , a key raw material in

396-412: Is rarely synthesized in the laboratory and is ordinarily purchased. It can be produced via dehydration of ethanol with sulfuric acid or in the gas phase with aluminium oxide or activated alumina . Ethylene is produced from methionine in nature. The immediate precursor is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid . Ethylene is a fundamental ligand in transition metal alkene complexes . One of

SECTION 10

#1732798713552

432-494: Is the feedstock, ethylene is the product. Ethylene is separated from the resulting mixture by repeated compression and distillation . In Europe and Asia, ethylene is obtained mainly from cracking naphtha, gasoil and condensates with the coproduction of propylene, C4 olefins and aromatics (pyrolysis gasoline). Other technologies employed for the production of ethylene include Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and methanol-to-olefins (MTO). Although of great value industrially, ethylene

468-434: Is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers . It is also used in air sanitizer products, such as "Oust" or "Clean and Pure". When aerosolized it acts as a disinfectant . Glycols are also used as liquid desiccants for natural gas and in air conditioning systems. It is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for " smoke machine " fluid in the entertainment industry. Triethylene glycol

504-412: Is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas . It may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO 2 , H 2 S, and other oxygenated gases. It is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas. Triethylene glycol is placed into contact with natural gas, and strips

540-427: Is well established as a relatively mild disinfectant toward a variety of bacteria , influenza A viruses and spores of Penicillium notatum fungi. However, its exceptionally low toxicity, broad materials compatibility, and low odor combined with its antimicrobial properties indicates that it approaches the ideal for air disinfection purposes in occupied spaces. Much of the scientific work with triethylene glycol

576-474: Is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016 ) exceeds that of any other organic compound . Much of this production goes toward creating polythene , which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases , including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non- sustainable energy used. Ethylene

612-463: The Dutch oil , 1,2-dichloroethane ; this discovery gave ethylene the name used for it at that time, olefiant gas (oil-making gas.) The term olefiant gas is in turn the etymological origin of the modern word "olefin", the class of hydrocarbons in which ethylene is the first member. In the mid-19th century, the suffix -ene (an Ancient Greek root added to the end of female names meaning "daughter of")

648-466: The United States and Europe , approximately 90% of ethylene is used to produce ethylene oxide , ethylene dichloride , ethylbenzene and polyethylene . Most of the reactions with ethylene are electrophilic addition . Polyethylene production uses more than half of the world's ethylene supply. Polyethylene, also called polyethene and polythene , is the world's most widely used plastic. It

684-506: The alkylation with ethylene is ethylbenzene , precursor to styrene . Styrene is used principally in polystyrene for packaging and insulation, as well as in styrene-butadiene rubber for tires and footwear. On a smaller scale, ethyltoluene , ethylanilines, 1,4-hexadiene, and aluminium alkyls. Products of these intermediates include polystyrene , unsaturated polyesters and ethylene-propylene terpolymers . The hydroformylation (oxo reaction) of ethylene results in propionaldehyde ,

720-510: The IFP process produces 1-butene . 1-Butene is used as a comonomer in the production of certain kinds of polyethylene . Ethylene is a hormone that affects the ripening and flowering of many plants. It is widely used to control freshness in horticulture and fruits . The scrubbing of naturally occurring ethylene delays ripening. Adsorption of ethylene by nets coated in titanium dioxide gel has also been shown to be effective. An example of

756-416: The ethylene using both the π and π* orbitals. Being a simple molecule, ethylene is spectroscopically simple. Its UV-vis spectrum is still used as a test of theoretical methods. Major industrial reactions of ethylene include in order of scale: 1) polymerization , 2) oxidation , 3) halogenation and hydrohalogenation , 4) alkylation , 5) hydration , 6) oligomerization , and 7) hydroformylation . In

SECTION 20

#1732798713552

792-613: The ever-increasing demand for ethylene, sharp increases in production facilities are added globally, particularly in the Mideast and in China . Production emits greenhouse gas , namely significant amounts of carbon dioxide. Ethylene is produced by several methods in the petrochemical industry . A primary method is steam cracking (SC) where hydrocarbons and steam are heated to 750–950 °C. This process converts large hydrocarbons into smaller ones and introduces unsaturation. When ethane

828-680: The first organometallic compounds, Zeise's salt is a complex of ethylene. Useful reagents containing ethylene include Pt(PPh 3 ) 2 (C 2 H 4 ) and Rh 2 Cl 2 (C 2 H 4 ) 4 . The Rh-catalysed hydroformylation of ethylene is conducted on an industrial scale to provide propionaldehyde . Some geologists and scholars believe that the famous Greek Oracle at Delphi (the Pythia ) went into her trance-like state as an effect of ethylene rising from ground faults. Ethylene appears to have been discovered by Johann Joachim Becher , who obtained it by heating ethanol with sulfuric acid; he mentioned

864-817: The gas in his Physica Subterranea (1669). Joseph Priestley also mentions the gas in his Experiments and observations relating to the various branches of natural philosophy: with a continuation of the observations on air (1779), where he reports that Jan Ingenhousz saw ethylene synthesized in the same way by a Mr. Enée in Amsterdam in 1777 and that Ingenhousz subsequently produced the gas himself. The properties of ethylene were studied in 1795 by four Dutch chemists, Johann Rudolph Deimann, Adrien Paets van Troostwyck, Anthoni Lauwerenburgh and Nicolas Bondt, who found that it differed from hydrogen gas and that it contained both carbon and hydrogen. This group also discovered that ethylene could be combined with chlorine to produce

900-631: The inactivation of H1N1 influenza A virus on surfaces has been demonstrated. The latter investigation suggests that triethylene glycol may prove to be a potent weapon against future influenza epidemics and pandemics . However, at least some viruses, including Pseudomonas phage phi6 become more infectious when treated with triethylene glycol. According to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), no hazards have been classified https://echa.europa.eu/es/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.003.594 Ethylene Ethylene

936-531: The initial complexation of ethylene to a Pd(II) center. Major intermediates from the halogenation and hydrohalogenation of ethylene include ethylene dichloride , ethyl chloride , and ethylene dibromide . The addition of chlorine entails " oxychlorination ", i.e. chlorine itself is not used. Some products derived from this group are polyvinyl chloride , trichloroethylene , perchloroethylene , methyl chloroform , polyvinylidene chloride and copolymers , and ethyl bromide . Major chemical intermediates from

972-496: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TEG&oldid=1206711878 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Triethylene glycol Triethylene glycol , TEG , or triglycol is a colorless odorless viscous liquid with molecular formula HOCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH. It

1008-518: The name ethylene was deeply entrenched, and it remains in wide use today, especially in the chemical industry. Following experimentation by Luckhardt, Crocker, and Carter at the University of Chicago, ethylene was used as an anesthetic. It remained in use through the 1940s use even while chloroform was being phased out. Its pungent odor and its explosive nature limit its use today. The 1979 IUPAC nomenclature rules made an exception for retaining

1044-451: The non-systematic name ethylene ; however, this decision was reversed in the 1993 rules, and it remains unchanged in the newest 2013 recommendations, so the IUPAC name is now ethene . In the IUPAC system, the name ethylene is reserved for the divalent group -CH 2 CH 2 -. Hence, names like ethylene oxide and ethylene dibromide are permitted, but the use of the name ethylene for

1080-444: The production of surfactants and detergents by ethoxylation . Ethylene oxide is also hydrolyzed to produce ethylene glycol , widely used as an automotive antifreeze as well as higher molecular weight glycols, glycol ethers , and polyethylene terephthalate . Ethylene oxidation in the presence of a palladium catalyst can form acetaldehyde . This conversion remains a major industrial process (10M kg/y). The process proceeds via

1116-582: The suffixes -ane, -ene, -ine, -one, and -une were used to denote the hydrocarbons with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 fewer hydrogens than their parent alkane . In this system, ethylene became ethene . Hofmann's system eventually became the basis for the Geneva nomenclature approved by the International Congress of Chemists in 1892, which remains at the core of the IUPAC nomenclature. However, by that time,

TEG - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-532: The two-carbon alkene is not. Nevertheless, use of the name ethylene for H 2 C=CH 2 (and propylene for H 2 C=CHCH 3 ) is still prevalent among chemists in North America. "A key factor affecting petrochemicals life-cycle emissions is the methane intensity of feedstocks, especially in the production segment." Emissions from cracking of naptha and natural gas (common in the US as gas is cheap there) depend

1188-452: The water out of the gas. Triethylene glycol is heated to a high temperature and put through a condensing system, which removes the water as waste and reclaims the TEG for continuous reuse within the system. The waste TEG produced by this process has been found to contain enough benzene to be classified as hazardous waste (benzene concentration greater than 0.5 mg/L). Triethylene glycol

1224-405: Was done in the 1940s and 1950s, however that work has ably demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against airborne, solution suspension, and surface bound microbes. The ability of triethylene glycol to inactivate Streptococcus pneumoniae (original citation: pneumococcus Type I), Streptococcus pyogenes (original citation: Beta hemolytic streptococcus group A) and Influenza A virus in the air

1260-901: Was first reported in 1943. Since the first report the following microorganisms have been reported in the literature to be inactivated in the air: Penicillium notatum spores, Chlamydophila psittaci (original citation: meningopneumonitis virus strain Cal 10 and psittacosis virus strain 6BC), Group C streptococcus , type 1 pneumococcus , Staphylococcus albus , Escherichia coli , and Serratia marcescens Bizio (ATCC 274). Solutions of triethylene glycol are known to be antimicrobial toward suspensions of Penicillium notatum spores, Streptococcus pyogenes (original citation: Beta hemolytic streptococcus Group A ), Streptococcus pneumoniae (original citation: pneumococcus Type I), Streptococcus viridans , and Mycobacterium bovis (original citation: tubercle bacilli Ravenel bovine-type). Further,

1296-454: Was widely used to refer to a molecule or part thereof that contained one fewer hydrogen atoms than the molecule being modified. Thus, ethylene ( C 2 H 4 ) was the "daughter of ethyl " ( C 2 H 5 ). The name ethylene was used in this sense as early as 1852. In 1866, the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann proposed a system of hydrocarbon nomenclature in which

#551448