Misplaced Pages

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38-777: Apart from Japan, the Wish was also assembled in Thailand (for Malaysia and Singapore) and Taiwan. It was also sold in Hong Kong, where it was imported from Japan. The Wish was developed under code name "760N" by the team, led by chief engineer named Takeshi Yoshida and was introduced to the public for the first time at Tokyo Motor Show in October 2002 (Commercial vehicles & welcab show) and then launched in Japan in January 2003, under

76-661: A compact MPV to buyers there. Instead of the generic Netz oval emblem found on the parallel imported Wish, the local distributor replaced the oval Netz emblem with the Toyota one. Sold as the Wish Aero Tourer to distinguish itself from the parallel import Wish; additional, accessories such as a 5-piece bodykit inclusive of a high mounted rear LED brake light, touchscreen DVD head unit, reverse camera, side mirror indicators, illuminated scuff plates, window visors, chrome muffler tip are featured as standard equipment. Previously,

114-458: A massive publicity campaign with Japanese singer Hikaru Utada . The television commercial features her song Colors , which coincides with the launch of her new CD single . The car was marketed under the "Wish Comes True" slogan. Codenamed ZNE10G (FWD) and ZNE14G (4WD), it uses a 1.8 L 1ZZ-FE engine, producing ( JIS ) 132 PS and 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft). It is only available with four-speed automatic. A 2.0 L version (codenamed ANE11W for

152-577: A premium. The practice exists of luxury car dealers in New Zealand buying Mercedes-Benz vehicles in Malaysia at a low price, and importing the cars into New Zealand to sell at a price lower than the price offered by Mercedes Benz to New Zealand consumers. There are also many parallel import dealers of electronics hardware. Parallel importing is allowed in New Zealand and has resulted in

190-625: A range of products except cars. It followed this up with legislation making it legal to source music and software CDs from overseas and import them into Australia. An Australian Productivity Commission report recommended in July 2009 that legislation be extended to legalise the parallel importing of books, with three years' notice for publishers. The commission also recommended abolishing restrictions on parallel importing of cars. The Federal Court of Australia decision has ruled that parallel imported items with valid trademarks are subject to Section 123 of

228-656: A significant lowering of margins on many products. There is an opinion, not scientifically proven, but very popular among people in Poland that "Western" washing powders are more effective in cleaning than Polish, because chemistry companies allegedly produce items of higher quality for Western Europe. Because of that, there are companies and online stores importing Western chemistry supplies to Poland (for example from Germany), even if similar brands are available there. According to Anatoliy Semyonov , trademark rights exhaustion turned national in 2002, and, as of April 2013, an act

266-460: A trademark subject to confiscation. In 2022, following the exit of various Western firms from Russia as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine , a parallel import scheme was legalized to allow certain goods into Russia. In September, the trade minister , Denis Manturov , stated that Russian consumers would be able to buy the newly announced iPhone 14 , despite Apple halting all sales in

304-771: Is a common practice for some wholesale and/or retail stockists. Many consumers now take advantage of on-line stores in Hong Kong and the United States to purchase computer games at or near half the cost of a retail purchase from the Australian RRP. Often the versions sold by the Asian retailers are manufactured in Australia to begin with. An example is Crysis , which was available from Hong Kong on-line stores for approximately A$ 50, but whose retail cost in Australia

342-537: Is based on concept of exhaustion of intellectual property rights ; according to this concept, when the product is first launched on the market in a particular jurisdiction, parallel importation is authorized to all residents in the state in question. Some countries allow it but others do not. Parallel importing of pharmaceuticals reduces price of pharmaceuticals by introducing competition; TRIPS Agreement in Article 6 states that this practice cannot be challenged under

380-576: Is being prepared that could make original goods imported without a permission of the producer officially "counterfeit" (by replacing things on which "a trademark is located illegally" with things "on which an illegally used trademark is located"). He notes that, according to the Criminal Code , illegal use of a trademark can be punished up to 6 years of imprisonment; and a similar article in the Offences Code makes goods with an illegal copy of

418-678: The Bundesgerichtshof has held that the doctrine of international exhaustion governs parallel importation, subject to the EU rules above. In Hong Kong, parallel importation is permitted under both the Trade Mark and (amended) Copyright Ordinance before The Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance 2007 came into force 6 July. Japan 's intellectual property rights law prohibits audiovisual articles marketed for export from being sold domestically, and such sale of "re-imported" CDs are illegal. In

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456-755: The Berne Convention nor the Paris Convention explicitly prohibit parallel importation. The Australian market is an example of a relatively small consumer market which does not benefit from the economies of scale and competition available in the larger global economies. Australia tends to have lower levels of competition in many industries and oligopolies are common in industries like banking, supermarkets, and mobile telecommunications. Private enterprise will use product segmentation strategies to legally maximise profit. This often includes varying service levels, pricing and product features to improve

494-600: The Honda Stream and Mazda Premacy /Mazda5 to changing its market positioning. The Toyota Wish was also launched as a locally assembled model in Thailand in December 2003 following the compact MPV trend of Thailand at that time. The Wish in Thailand is available with 3 trim levels including 2.0 S, 2.0 Q and 2.0 Q Limited (with sunroof) and is very similar to the Japanese version, except for a few differences: The Wish

532-425: The rights and duties of a protected monopoly . Intellectual property rights allow the holder to sell at a price that is higher than the price one would pay in a competitive market , but by doing so the holder relinquishes sales to those who would be prepared to buy at a price between the monopoly price and the competitive price. The presence of parallel imports in the marketplace prevents the holder from exploiting

570-489: The 2005 Vitz and Ist . Feedback on the electronic throttle control has been mixed, with claims that the original throttle system used in the 2003 car is quicker off the mark. The drivetrain and engines remained the same. For model year 2007 on Japanese models only, G-BOOK , a subscription telematics service, is offered as an option. In Singapore, the local distributor brought in the Toyota Wish later in 2008 as

608-611: The Japanese market in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. These models had speedometer clusters that were slightly different from the Japanese market model in the km/h dials section. The Wish received a facelift in April 2012. Cosmetic changes to the headlights and rear lamps featured LED insets, revised front grille, rear tailgate garnish and dashboard meter cluster were made. All models include safety features such as ABS with EBD and BA . Additional features include TCS and VSC . All models include front ventilated and rear disc brakes with

646-472: The Toyota board. This Japanese business–related biographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Parallel import A parallel import is a non- counterfeit product imported from another country without the permission of the intellectual property owner. Parallel imports are often referred to as a grey product and are implicated in issues of international trade , and intellectual property . Parallel importing

684-523: The Trade Mark Act . Various Australian Parliament committees have investigated allegations of price discrimination. The European Union (and European Economic Area ) require the doctrine of international exhaustion to exist between member states, but EU legislation for trademarks, design rights and copyright prohibits its application to goods put on the market outside the EU/EEA. In Germany ,

722-685: The United States, courts have established that parallel importation is legal. In the case of Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , the US Supreme Court held that the first-sale doctrine applies to copies of a copyrighted work lawfully made abroad, thus permitting importation and resale of many product categories. Moreover, the Science, State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies, Appropriations Act of 2006 prohibits future free trade agreements from categorically disallowing

760-460: The WTO dispute settlement system and so is effectively a matter of national discretion. The practice of parallel importing is often advocated in the case of software, music, printed texts and electronic products, and occurs for several reasons: Parallel importing is regulated differently in different jurisdictions; there is no consistency in laws dealing with parallel imports between countries. Neither

798-455: The Wish was only sold by parallel importers. The second-generation Wish has been available for the Japanese market since March 2009. It is powered by Toyota's Dual VVT-i 2ZR-FAE and 3ZR-FAE engines. All models come with Toyota's 7-speed Super CVT-i transmission. The exterior dimensions remain similar to the previous generation, except for the length which has increased slightly. The second generation Wish continued to be sold outside of

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836-403: The climate control and automatic transmission (The 2.0 Z received a seven-gear transmission.) As the changes were minor the fuel consumption figures, which are the best in the compact MPV class, remain the same. The 2005 Wish was also the third model to be sold exclusively at Toyota Netz dealerships, hence the replacement of the Wish's signature "W" front emblem with a generic NETZ oval as seen on

874-609: The country. Apple products were already being re-exported and sold in Russia through the scheme, although at a higher price. Some Sony PSP video game consoles were imported into the European Economic Area from Japan up to twelve months prior to the European launch. The unusual component of this example is that some importers were selling the console for a higher price than the intended EU price, taking advantage of

912-725: The exception of 1.8X 2WD (which include rear drums). Sales of the Wish was discontinued in Taiwan in 2016, where it was replaced by the Sienta , and was also discontinued in Japan on 13 October 2017 and in Singapore in mid 2018, where Prius α and the Sienta replaced the outgoing Wish. In Japan, the role of the Wish as a three-row compact MPV is effectively replaced by the Sienta, the Prius α and

950-618: The major reasons for such a market are: A manifestation of the philosophical divide between those who support various intellectual property and those who are critical of it , is the divide over the legitimacy of parallel importation. Some believe that it benefits consumers by lowering prices and widening the selection and consumption of products available in the market , while others believe that it discourages intellectual property owners from investing in new and innovative products. Some also believe that parallel imports tend to facilitate copyright infringement . This tension essentially concerns

988-518: The monopoly further by market segmentation , i.e. by applying different prices to different consumers. Consumer organizations tend to support parallel importation as it offers consumers more choice and lower prices, provided that consumers retain equivalent legal protection to locally sourced products (e.g. in the form of warranties with international effect), and competition is not diminished. However, such organisations also warn consumers of certain risks in using parallel-imported products. Although

1026-428: The original manufacturer. This procedure interferes with the marketing scheme of the manufacturer, who might plan to import a less powerful car and force consumers to accept it. The Imported Vehicle Safety Compliance Act of 1988 basically ended the gray market by requiring manufacturer certification of U.S.-bound cars. Markets for parallel imports and locally made products sometimes exist alongside each other even though

1064-537: The parallel import of patented products. The United States has unique automobile design legislation administered by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Certain car makers find the required modifications too expensive. In the past, this created demand for grey import vehicles , where certain models are modified for individual customers to meet these requirements at a higher cost than if it had been done by

1102-417: The parallel imports are markedly more expensive. This may be for various reasons, but is mostly observed in foodstuffs and toiletry. Due to the nature of hotels, travellers often have little information on where to shop except in the immediate vicinity. Grocery shops opened to serve brand-name hotels often feature parallel-imported foodstuffs and toiletry to cater to travellers so that they can easily recognise

1140-446: The product they have been using at home. Foodstuffs and toiletry made from different plants may vary in quality because different plants may use materials or reagents (such as water used for washing, food additives) from different sources, although they are usually subject to the same standards by internal QC or public health authorities. A person may be allergic to the foodstuff or toiletry made by some plants but not others. To sum up,

1178-479: The products may have been made to comply with the laws and customs of their place of origin, these products or their use may not comply with those in places where they are used, or some of their functions may be rendered unusable or meaningless (which may needlessly drive up prices). Electronic devices, however, suffer less from this type of risk because newer models support more than one user language. Importation of computer games and computer game hardware from Asia

Toyota Wish - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-552: The rear bumper, body color/chrome side rubbing strips and a cleaner chrome rear plate garnish. The WISH badging is not an integral part of the garnish, unlike the Japanese-spec model. Equipment may include parking sensors, dual moonroof and leather seats. Another aspect unique to the Taiwanese Wish is that it can be specified with a beige interior color scheme unlike its Japanese and Thai-built counterparts. The Wish

1254-580: The six-seater version and ANE10G for the seven-seater version) was launched in March 2003. Equipped with the 1AZ-FSE direct-injection engine, it has ( JIS ) 155 PS (114 kW) and 192 N·m (142 lb·ft). Variants with the 2.0 D-4 engine are only available with a CVT gearbox. The WISH was extremely successful in its home market, and is frequently seen on the Top 5 on the 30 bestseller list each month. It has also made shockwave to its competitors, such as

1292-579: The so-called "fit" to the local marketplace. However, this segmentation may mean identical products at higher prices. This can be termed price discrimination. With the advent of the Internet, Australian consumers can readily compare prices globally and have been able to identify products exhibiting price discrimination, also known as the " Australia Tax ". In 1991, the Australian Government resolved to remove parallel import restrictions from

1330-544: The tall-bodied Noah/Voxy/Esquire triplets. Takeshi Yoshida Takeshi Yoshida is chief engineer for the 2000 Toyota Corolla and a Senior Managing Director of Toyota Motor Corporation . In 2003, Yoshida was appointed as Managing Officer of the Lexus Development Center, to spearhead the luxury division's development of new platforms and technologies. In 2007, Yoshidaa was promoted from his Managing Officer position to Senior Managing Director on

1368-474: Was also made available in Indonesia as a CBU import, where many were offered as prizes by Bank Mandiri . The Wish was updated at the end of 2005 with the introduction of a facelifted model. The original car was fundamentally well designed and that meant that few changes were necessary. Cosmetic changes to the headlights, bumpers, LED tail lights and dashboard were made, together with revised switchgear for

1406-578: Was close to $ 100. Crysis was sold in Asia using identical versions of the game box and disc, right down to including Australian censor ratings on the box. Importation of Colgate toothpaste from Thailand into Hong Kong . The goods are bought in markets where the price is lower, and sold in markets where the price of the same goods is, for a variety of reasons, higher. Electronic goods like Apple's iPad are frequently imported in Hong Kong before they're official and resold to South-East Asian early adopters for

1444-646: Was launched in Taiwan as a left-hand drive vehicle in November 2004. For this market, the car is marketed under the "No Rules!" slogan and the TVCM is shot in New York. The Taiwanese version shares the same engine as the Thailand model, which means missing out on Toyota's D-4 technology. The Taiwanese assembled version have some styling differences: a new front end, redesigned rear LED tail lights, reflectors recessed into

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