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62-597: Alaska Route 1 ( AK-1 ) is a state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Alaska . It runs from Homer northeast and east to Tok by way of Anchorage . It is one of two routes in Alaska to contain significant portions of freeway : the Seward Highway in south Anchorage and the Glenn Highway between Anchorage and Palmer. AK-1 is also known by the named highways it traverses: AK-1 begins at

124-803: A clinic, primary medical care is also in Fairbanks. The area around Delta Junction is home to a number of parks. Just north of the city is the Quartz Lake State Recreation Area . South of the city is the Clearwater State recreation Site, a 27 acres (11 ha) park with a campground and access to the Delta Clearwater River. Further south is the Delta State Recreation Site, a 23 acres (9.3 ha) park directly across from

186-567: A common occurrence. Precipitation averages at only 11.62 inches (295 mm) annually, and over half of this total occurs from June to August. Snow, which typically falls from October to April and sometimes May and September, is generally not heavy due to the dry climate, and averages 54 inches (140 cm) per season. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −63 °F (−53 °C) on January 30, 1947, up to 92 °F (33 °C) on June 15, 1969. Delta Junction has an unofficial record low of −72 °F (−58 °C) set on January 6, 1975 (as seen on

248-512: A designated National Highway System , but the system is completely unsigned, aside from the Trans-Canada routes. This makes Canada unique in that national highway designations are generally secondary to subnational routes. In Germany , state roads ( Landesstraßen or Staatsstraßen ) are a road class which is ranking below the federal road network ( Bundesstraßen ). The responsibility for road planning, construction and maintenance

310-478: A household in the city was $ 43,500, and the median income for a family was $ 58,250. Males had a median income of $ 50,469 versus $ 25,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,171. About 12.3% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 28.8% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over. Construction and maintenance of the military facilities, mining, agriculture, tourism and their support industries form

372-530: A population of at least 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the relevant municipalities. The state highway that cross towns or villages with a population of less than 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the municipality, subject to authorization from ANAS . State highways in India are numbered highways that are laid and maintained by state governments . Mexico 's State Highway System

434-614: A small community near the center of present-day Delta Junction, was named because of their presence, especially during the winter months. The huge animals were troublesome, and sometimes made landings dangerous at nearby Allen Field . During World War II , the United States aided the Soviet Union against Germany by sending airplanes and supplies authorized by the Lend-lease Act to the Soviet Union through Alaska into

496-523: A state or province include both nationally numbered highways and un-numbered state highways. Depending on the state, "state highway" may be used for one meaning and "state road" or "state route" for the other. In some countries such as New Zealand , the word "state" is used in its sense of a sovereign state or country. By this meaning a state highway is a road maintained and numbered by the national government rather than local authorities. Australia 's important urban and inter-regional routes not covered by

558-467: A storage facility constructed in Valdez, the railroad never came, essentially resulting in the failure of the project. Political pressure and growing costs resulted in the project being defunded upon change in governors. Today, these original farms are primarily used as pasture or for hay production though barley , potatoes , carrots , and even wheat are still grown with limited commercial success. With

620-617: A three-digit number designation, preceded by D . Provincial roads ( Turkish : İl yolu ) are secondary roads, maintained by respective local governments with the support of the KGM. The roads have a four-digit numbering grouped as two pairs, pairs are separated by a dash. First pair represents the license number of that province . State highways are generally a mixture of primary and secondary roads, although some are freeways (for example, State Route 99 in California, which links many of

682-750: Is 100 km/h, with reductions when one passes through a densely populated area. The highways in New Zealand are all state highways, and the network consists of SH 1 running the length of both main islands, SH 2–5 and 10–58 in the North Island, and SH 6–8 and 60–99 in the South Island. National and provincial highways are numbered approximately north to south. State Highway 1 runs the length of both islands. Local highways ( Korean :  지방도 ; Hanja :  地方道 ; RR :  Jibangdo ; MR :  Chipangdo ) are

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744-490: Is a system of urban and state routes constructed and maintained by each Mexican state. The main purpose of the state networks is to serve as a feeder system to the federal highway system. All states except the Federal District operate a road network. Each state marks these routes with a white shield containing the abbreviated name of the state plus the route number. New Zealand state highways are national highways –

806-521: Is divided into states and has state highways. For example, the longest highway in the state of São Paulo , the Rodovia Raposo Tavares , is designated as SP-270 and SP-295 . Canada is divided into provinces and territories, each of which maintains its own system of provincial or territorial highways, which form the majority of the country's highway network. There is also the national transcontinental Trans-Canada Highway system, which

868-416: Is free to choose a different marker, and most states have. States may choose a design theme relevant to its state (such as an outline of the state itself) to distinguish state route markers from interstate, county, or municipal route markers. Delta Junction, Alaska Delta Junction ( Russian : Делта-Джанкшен ; Ukrainian : Делта-Джанкшен , romanized :  Delta Dzhankshen ), officially

930-426: Is home for a sizable community of Russian Orthodox Old Believers . Of the 312 households, 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

992-605: Is marked by distinct signs, but has no uniform numeric designation across the country. In the eastern provinces, for instance, an unnumbered (though sometimes with a named route branch) Trans-Canada route marker is co-signed with a numbered provincial sign, with the provincial route often continuing alone outside the Trans-Canada Highway section. However, in the western provinces, the two parallel Trans-Canada routes are consistently numbered with Trans-Canada route markers; as Highways 1 and 16 respectively. Canada also has

1054-568: Is not a road class. The Strade Statali , abbreviated SS, is the Italian national network of state highways. The total length for the network is about 25.000 km (15.534 mi). The Italian state highway network are maintained by ANAS . From 1928 until 1946 state highways were maintained by Azienda Autonoma Statale della Strada (AASS). The next level of roads below Strada Statali is Strada Regionale ("regional roads"). The routes of some state highways derive from ancient Roman roads , such as

1116-716: Is part of the Interstate Highway System ; only the route between Homer and Soldotna does not carry an unsigned Interstate designation. The entire length of A-3 follows AK-1 from the Kenai Spur Highway in Soldotna to the turn in downtown Anchorage ; there A-1 begins, running to Tok along AK-1. (A-1 continues to the Yukon border along AK-2, the Alaska Highway .) Only a short portion of

1178-622: Is typical of the Alaska Interior, Delta Junction has a subarctic climate ( Köppen Dwc ), closely bordering on a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk ). The average high temperature is below freezing from mid-October thru late March, and during the height of winter cold, as the town is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 2a, the coldest conditions of the year typically bottom out in the −45 to −50 °F (−43 to −46 °C) range, with sub-0 °F (−18 °C) highs

1240-406: Is vested in the federal states of Germany. Most federal states use the term Landesstraße (marked with 'L'), while for historical reasons Saxony and Bavaria use the term Staatsstraße (marked with 'S'). The appearance of the shields differs from state to state. The term Land-es-straße should not be confused with Landstraße , which describes every road outside built-up areas and

1302-570: The Alaska Highway which had been constructed from Montana through Calgary, Alberta , through Whitehorse, Canada by Army engineers to move supplies and equipment, and to build airbases, to service the requirements of the Pacific theater, including transport of Lend Lease aircraft to the Soviet Union after its invasion by Germany. The road was built in the 1940s through challenging terrain, largely by battalions of Black engineers, including

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1364-804: The Alaska Marine Highway 's Homer Ferry Terminal at the tip of Homer Spit just south of the end of the Sterling Highway in Homer . It follows the entire Sterling Highway through Soldotna to the junction with the Seward Highway north of Seward , where it meets the north end of AK-9 . There it turns north and follows the Seward Highway to its end in Anchorage , and follows the one-way pairs of Ingra and Gambell Streets and 6th and 5th Avenues, continuing east on 5th Avenue to

1426-797: The City of Delta Junction , is a small city in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska , United States. As of the 2010 census , the population was 958, up from 840 in 2000. The 2018 estimate was down to 931. The city is located a short distance south of the confluence of the Delta River with the Tanana River , which is at Big Delta . It is about 160 km (99 mi) south of Fairbanks . Native inhabitants are Tanana Athabaskans . For at least 10,000 years, Athabascan indigenous peoples have inhabited portions of

1488-489: The Delta River . It has a campground, a nearby airstrip, and views of the Alaska Range . The Donnelly Creek State Recreation Site is an isolated 46 acres (19 ha) park in an alpine environment. The park has a campground and is considered a prime spot for wildlife viewing and is adjacent to the calving grounds for the bison herd. In the early 1980s, the 90,000-acre (360 km ) Delta Junction Bison Range, south of

1550-626: The Strada statale 7 Via Appia , which broadly follows the route of the Roman road of the same name . Other examples are the Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia ( Via Aurelia ) and the Strada statale 4 Via Salaria ( Via Salaria ). Since the reforms following the birth of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, the State took charge of the construction and maintenance of a primary network of roads for connections between

1612-461: The Tanana Valley was designated as a potential agricultural area for Alaska. The state of Alaska then made large tracts of land available to future farmers for purchase. Significant was establishment of the "Barley Project" east of the city. Plans were made to grow barley, ship it to Valdez via a future rail terminal, and from there ship it overseas to Asia. Though farms were established and

1674-524: The moose , caribou , Dall sheep and bison in the area, as well as fishing. A few operate small gold mines or hunt or trap fur-bearing animals for extra income. Delta Junction, like most Alaskan communities, has a small airstrip where charter flights are available for sightseeing, hunting and fishing. Due to limited shopping availability, many residents travel to Fairbanks via the Richardson Highway to purchase goods and services. Though Delta has

1736-549: The 97th Engineer Battalion. in order to facilitate transport of World War II material in particular from ports such as Valdez and Anchorage to the interior. It was upgraded in the 1950s to better connect the Richardson Highway more directly with Tok. It was called a "cut-off" because it allowed motor traffic coming to and from Canada on the Alaska Highway , to drive directly northeast or southwest connect to or from Southcentral Alaska communities without driving all

1798-667: The Alaska Highway and between Ft. Greely and the Little Gerstle River was established. The range is managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to provide fall habitat for bison to reduce farm depredations and to provide habitat for other wildlife. The herd is now kept at several hundred animals by the annual issuance of hunting permits. Public education in Delta Junction is provided by

1860-617: The Cold Regions Test Center, which continued testing on the installation. Headquarters for both the Cold Regions Test Center and the Northern Warfare Training Center moved to Fort Wainwright in Fairbanks in 2002. Base housing and numerous surplus buildings remained vacant, though the Army continued heating and maintaining them. Re-alignment of Fort Greely resulted in heated discussion throughout

1922-526: The Delta Junction area. This farming required new techniques to accommodate the short growing season and the cold and dark winters of interior Alaska. Delta Junction was incorporated on December 19, 1960. Oil was discovered in the North Slope of Alaska in 1968. In 1974, construction began on the pipeline to transport the oil from the North Slope to Valdez. The pipeline construction also aided

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1984-411: The Delta Junction community over a proposal to site a privately operated state prison within surplus buildings on Fort Greely. Eventually, the city of Delta Junction entered into a contract with Allvest Corporation to operate this prison. Plans for the prison eventually fell through. Allvest Corporation subsequently sued Delta Junction for $ 1   million for breach of contract . Shortly after BRAC

2046-460: The Glenn and Richardson Highway route. Many travelers used the new highway, bypassing Delta Junction. In 1977, pipeline construction ended. The Cold War also ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. These events caused a decline in the economy of Delta Junction. During the 1990s and 2000s, immigrants from the former Soviet republics came to the area, significantly changing the makeup of

2108-576: The National Highway or National Route systems are marked under the State Route system. They can be recognised by blue shield markers. They were practically adopted in all states by the end of the 1980s, and in some states, some less important National Routes were downgraded to State Routes. Each state has or had its own numbering scheme, but do not duplicate National Route numbers in the same state, or nearby routes in another state. As with

2170-475: The National Routes and National Highways, State Routes are being phased out in most states and territories in favour of alphanumeric routes. However, despite the fact that Victoria has fully adopted alphanumeric routes in regional areas, state route numbers are still used extensively within the city of Melbourne as a part of its Metropolitan Route Numbering Scheme . Brazil is another country that

2232-603: The Russian Far East. The Alaska Highway was built to connect an existing road in Dawson Creek, British Columbia , Canada, with the Richardson Highway in Alaska, a distance of 2,290 km (1,420 mi). The Alaska Highway met the Richardson Highway at a point 12 km (7.5 mi) south along the Delta River from Big Delta. The place where the highways met became known as Delta Junction. Allen Field

2294-448: The Seward Highway south of downtown Anchorage and a longer portion of the Glenn Highway northeast to AK-3 are built to freeway standards; the proposed Highway to Highway Connection would link these through downtown. All exits are unnumbered. The Tok Cut-Off is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska , running 125 miles (201 km) from Gakona (on the Richardson Highway , 14 miles (23 km) north of Glennallen ), to Tok on

2356-520: The availability of a nearby meat processing facility (Delta Meat and Sausage Company), many farmers turned to cattle with limited success. In addition, the area is now known for production of exotic meats such as yak , bison, and elk . In 1971, the George Parks Highway between Anchorage and Fairbanks was completed. This highway followed the railroad route and was a shorter route for motorists traveling between Anchorage and Fairbanks than

2418-425: The backbone of the area economy. An Alaska Railroad spur from Fairbanks to Delta Junction has been proposed to transport material to the missile defense site. This could facilitate other types of industry in Delta Junction, as the railroad could transport agricultural products out of the area as well as promote tourist travel into the area by rail. Many people in Delta Junction supplement their food supply by hunting

2480-530: The beginning of the Glenn Highway . AK-1 follows the entire length of the Glenn Highway , passing the south end of the George Parks Highway ( AK-3 ) near Wasilla and meeting the Richardson Highway ( AK-4 ) near Glennallen . A short concurrency north along AK-4 takes AK-1 to the Tok Cut-Off , which it follows northeast to its end at the Alaska Highway ( AK-2 ) at Tok . The majority of AK-1

2542-468: The big thermometer in the town center) but the Delta Junction weather station and NOAA refuse to acknowledge this record as legitimate, as such temperatures are atypical for the region and atypical temperature readings are usually inaccurate. The coldest daily maximum on record from Delta Junction was an extremely cold −55 °F (−48 °C) in January 1975. During an average year between 1991 and 2020,

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2604-644: The cities of the Central Valley , Route 128 in Massachusetts, or parts of Route 101 in New Hampshire). Each state has its own system for numbering and its own marker. The default marker is a white circle containing a black sans serif number (often inscribed in a black square or slightly rounded square), according to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). However each state

2666-486: The coldest maximum averaged −39 °F (−39 °C). Summer nights are seldom warm but nevertheless did not fall below 70 °F (21 °C) in August 1999 and August 6, 2024. During an average year the warmest low is 61 °F (16 °C). Delta Junction was known as the "Windy City" and "Little Chicago" by many soldiers on Fort Greely. In Delta Junction itself, but not in the nearby areas, wind blows many days from

2728-553: The east. Delta Junction first appeared on the 1970 U.S. Census as an incorporated city. As of the census of 2000, there were 840 people, 312 households, and 208 families residing in the city. The population density was 48.7 inhabitants per square mile (18.8/km ). There were 422 housing units at an average density of 24.4 per square mile (9.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.43% White , 1.07% Black or African American , 4.05% Native American , 0.95% Asian , 0.12% from other races , and 2.38% from two or more races. 0.83% of

2790-423: The economic fortune of the city. Mineral deposits near Tangle Lakes, south of Delta Junction, will likely result in additional development of mining in the area. "Big Delta" lies at the intersection of the Delta River and the Tanana River . The city of Delta Junction sits on the Delta River at the intersection of the Richardson Highway and the terminus of the Alaska Highway. The city and Delta community lie within

2852-401: The economy of the area. Delta Junction experienced a temporary boom, similar to the gold rush, that resulted in a wave of new residents and businesses in the community. Cost of living during this period was well above the national average due to transportation costs, as well as gouging. Prostitution and bars flourished — as did churches and religious communes. In the late 1970s and early 1980s,

2914-682: The fertile Tanana River valley . Three mountain ranges—the White Mountains to the north, the Granite Mountains to the southeast, and the Alaska Range to the southwest—and the Delta River to the west surround the city. Once overlain by glaciers, the geology is marked by glacial moraines as well as alluvial deposits from the Delta and Tanana Rivers. Numerous mineral deposits are found in the vicinity of Delta Junction ranging from gold to molybdenum to coal. A prominent natural feature on

2976-594: The interior of Alaska . Early inhabitants survived by hunting and fishing. The early history of non-native settlement in the area occurred at the river crossing at Big Delta and is found at the entry, Big Delta, Alaska . In 1904, the location first served as a telegraph station. In 1928, a herd of 23 bison were brought from the National Bison Range in Montana to an area south of Big Delta to provide an additional game species for hunters. Buffalo Center,

3038-639: The landscape is Donnelly Dome , located within the Donnelly Training Area of Fort Wainwright (formerly a part of nearby Fort Greely until 2001), to the south of Delta Junction. This dome was formed as a glacier coming from the Alaska Range split in two, carving away sides of a former mountain. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 17.3 square miles (45 km ), all land. As

3100-515: The local population. Fort Greely was included on the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) list in 1995. From 1995 to 2002, Fort Greely was gradually re-aligned through a gradual drawdown in both military and civilian personnel. Once BRAC was complete in 2002, Fort Greely remained open but was staffed with fewer than 100 military and civilian personnel. During this time the remaining workers were either associated with public works functions or

3162-541: The main cities; in 1865 the Lanza law introduced the classification of roads between national, provincial and municipal (see Annex F, art.10) and the Royal Decree of 17 November 1865, n. 2633 listed the first 38 national roads. Italian state highways are identified by a number and a name. In road signs and maps the number is preceded by the acronym SS, an acronym for strada statale ("state road"). The nomenclature of

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3224-482: The next important roads under the National highways . The number has two, three, or four digits. Highways with two-digit numbers routes are called State-funded local highways. State roads ( Turkish : Devlet yolu ) are primary roads, mostly under the responsibility of General Directorate of Highways (KGM) except in metropolitan city centers where the responsibility falls into the local government. The roads have

3286-548: The pipeline days as Fort Greely became fully operational again and the missile test bed was constructed. National firms such as Boeing , Bechtel , and Brown and Root , as well as regional firms including Chugach opened up offices on the installation, under contract to the government. Construction of the Pogo Gold Mine just north of Delta Junction, near the Goodpaster River , also contributed significantly to

3348-472: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Delta Junction has the highest percentage of Ukrainian people in the United States , with 16.4% of residents having been born in Ukraine and an even higher total number having Ukrainian ancestry. According to the 2000 Census, 19.64% of the general population and 31.10% of those aged 5–17 used either Russian or Ukrainian as home language. Delta Junction

3410-507: The south down the Delta River from the Gulf of Alaska , bringing river silt in the summer and snowdrifts in the winter. There are usually several days in the winter when the temperature is in the range of −40 °F/°C when a wind (known as a Chinook wind ) begins to blow. A few minutes later, the temperature climbs to above the freezing mark. When the wind stops, the temperature returns to colder ranges. Delta Junction's prevailing winds are from

3472-640: The state highways managed by ANAS generally follows the SS n scheme, where n is a number ranging from 1 ( Aurelia ) up to 700 (of the Royal Palace of Caserta ) depending on the date of establishment of the state highway. Newly built ANAS roads, not yet classified, are identified by the acronym NSA, an acronym for nuova strada ANAS ("new ANAS road"). State highways can be technically defined as main extra-urban roads (type B road) or as secondary extra-urban roads (type C road). State highways that cross towns with

3534-552: The way to or from the terminus of the Alaska highway in Delta Junction , then traveling northwest or southeast by the Richardson Highway, reducing 120 miles (190 km) from the trip. The 2002 Denali earthquake caused significant damage to the Cut-Off, particularly between mileposts 75 and 83 where major cracks and embankment slumping left the roadway fundamentally destroyed. State highway Roads maintained by

3596-530: The word "state" in this sense means "government" or "public" (as in state housing and state schools ), not a division of a country. New Zealand's state highway system is a nationwide network of roads covering the North Island and the South Island . As of 2006, just under 100 roads have a "State Highway" designation. The NZ Transport Agency administers them. The speed limit for most state highways

3658-403: Was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.32. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 32.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.6 males. The median income for

3720-612: Was complete, the United States government announced plans to build a missile defense installation at Fort Greely. The installation was then divided into two parts operated by two different commands — U.S. Army Garrison Alaska and Space and Missile Defense Command. The main post retained the name Fort Greely and is operated by the Space and Missile Defense Command. Outlying range, training and impact areas were absorbed by Fort Wainwright and were renamed Donnelly Training Area. From 2002 to 2005, Delta Junction experienced an economic boom similar to

3782-426: Was constructed 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Delta Junction for use in sending supplies to Russia. The Glenn Highway was built from Anchorage to what is now Glennallen , where it met the Richardson Highway. This connection created a motor route between Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska. After World War II, a U.S. army base, Fort Greely , was built next to the air field. The base, and a huge tract of land around it,

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3844-490: Was used for training soldiers for cold weather combat during the Cold War with the former Soviet Union. In 1957, the Richardson Highway was paved. About this time, portions of the Alaska Highway were also paved. The army base and tourism brought on the highways, caused a boom in the area's economy and the commercial center of the area moved from Big Delta to Delta Junction. Some people also began farming and raising livestock in

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