Misplaced Pages

#964035

36-546: Tongans, a Polynesian group, represent more than 98% of the inhabitants of Tonga . The rest are European (the majority are British ), mixed European, and other Pacific Islanders. There also are several hundred Chinese . Almost two-thirds of the population live on its main island, Tongatapu . Although an increasing number of Tongans have moved into the only urban and commercial center, Nukuʻalofa , where European and Indigenous cultural and living patterns have blended, village life and kinship ties continue to be important throughout

72-725: A new population by a very small number of individuals from a larger population, which also causes a loss of genetic variation. Soares et al. (2008) argued for an older pre- Holocene Sundaland origin in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) based on mitochondrial DNA . The "out of Taiwan" model was challenged by a study from Leeds University published in Molecular Biology and Evolution . Examination of mitochondrial DNA lineages indicates that they have been evolving in ISEA for longer than previously believed. Ancestors of

108-551: A significant amount of residential development occurred in the Glendale neighborhood from 1937 to 1958, which is coincident with the post-World War II expansion . The first major subdivisions built in Glendale were built in the 1940s and early 1950s. The early subdivisions were part of the Glendale Gardens housing project, built to accommodate a large influx of families moving to Utah for the war effort, associated with

144-951: Is a Tongan community in Oakland, of about 1,500 people (0.3% of Oakland's population). There is a Tongan population in Los Angeles County , mainly in Inglewood (0.7% of the city's population), Hawthorne , and Long Beach . There are also around 1,000 Tongans in Sacramento and more throughout the Sacramento Valley. [1] There is a sizable Tongan community in Utah , mainly in the Salt Lake Valley . Salt Lake County has over 8,000 residents of Tongan ancestry. The Glendale neighborhood of Salt Lake City has one of

180-404: Is compulsory and free in state schools. Mission schools provide about 83% of the primary and 90% of the secondary level education. Higher education includes teacher training, nursing and medical training, a small private university, a women's business college, and a number of private agricultural schools. Most higher education is pursued overseas. Based on 2021 estimates, the religious breakdown of

216-418: Is home of Sorenson Unity Center, a community resource and gathering place where all cultures are celebrated and welcomed. The Sorenson Unity Center hosts art exhibits, cultural events, film, and other events. The center also houses a fitness center for community members. The center also has computer center, a robotics club, a music studio for teens, and a number of other youth programs. The center also hosts

252-990: The Marquesas . From here, they expanded further to Hawaii by 900 AD, Easter Island by 1000 AD, and finally New Zealand by 1200 AD. Analysis by Kayser et al. (2008) found that only 21% of the Polynesian autosomal gene pool is of Australo-Melanesian origin, with the remaining 79% being of Austronesian origin. Another study by Friedlaender et al. (2008) also confirmed that some Polynesians are genetically closer to Micronesians , Taiwanese Aborigines , and Islander Southeast Asians . The study concluded that Polynesians moved through Melanesia fairly rapidly, allowing only limited admixture between Austronesians and Papuans. Polynesians predominantly belong to Haplogroup B (mtDNA), particularly to mtDNA B4a1a1 (the Polynesian motif). The high frequencies of mtDNA B4 in Polynesians are

288-945: The United States ( Hawaii and American Samoa ), as well as in the British Overseas Territory of the Pitcairn Islands . New Zealand had the highest population of Polynesians, estimated at 110,000 in the 18th century. Polynesians have acquired a reputation as great navigators, with their canoes reaching the most remote corners of the Pacific and allowing the settlement of islands as far apart as Hawaii, Rapanui (Easter Island), and Aotearoa (New Zealand). The people of Polynesia accomplished this voyaging using ancient navigation skills, including reading stars, currents, clouds, and bird movements—skills that have been passed down through successive generations to

324-557: The United States , and Australia . 82,389 New Zealanders identified themselves as being of Tongan ethnicity with 22,413 stating that they were born in Tonga . As of 2016, Tongan New Zealanders make up 1.2% of New Zealand's population of approximately 5 million people. There is a Tongan Australian population of 32,691 people, which is over 0.1% of Australia 's population. 60% of Tongan people live in New South Wales . In

360-401: The 1890s several industries were established near the northeast corner of what is now Glendale (950 S and 600 W), including a brickyard, brewery, biscuit factory, salt works, and soup factory. In the early 20th century, railroad tracks bisected Salt Lake City. Industry and rail works isolated residential areas of the west side of Salt Lake City . The isolation and proximity to industry caused

396-636: The City of South Salt Lake at SR-201 and extends North to approximately 950 S. North of Glendale is Poplar Grove. Both neighborhoods make up most of zip code 84104 and are within Salt Lake City Council District 2. Some of the first homesteaders to settle in what is now the Glendale neighborhood were the George Q. Cannon family. The George Q. and Caroline Cannon House is a Victorian-style brick house at 1354 South and 1000 West and

SECTION 10

#1732765064965

432-579: The Jordan River is considered an important asset to many of West Salt Lake's citizens. Glendale also has an 18-hole municipal golf course. Glendale contains several businesses and Suazo Business Center is a non-profit business resource center committed to the development and empowerment of the Latino/Hispanic and other underserved communities. It assists existing and potential minority entrepreneurs in succeeding and building wealth. Glendale

468-564: The Polynesians are believed to be the Neolithic Lapita culture . This group emerged in Island Melanesia and Micronesia around 1500 BC from a convergence of Austronesian migration waves, originating from both Island Southeast Asia to the west and an earlier Austronesian migration to Micronesia to the north. The culture was distinguished by dentate-stamped pottery. However, their eastward expansion halted when they reached

504-569: The Polynesians arrived in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea at least 6,000 to 8,000 years ago. A 2014 study by Lipson et al., using whole genome data , supports the findings of Kayser et al. Modern Polynesians were shown to have lower levels of admixture with Australo-Melanesians than Austronesians in Island Melanesia . Nonetheless, both groups show admixture, along with other Austronesian populations outside of Taiwan, indicating varying degrees of intermarriage between

540-620: The Remington Corporation. In 1941, several buildings were constructed within the Utah Ordnance Plant area for the purpose of producing World War II ammunition. The Utah Ordnance Plant was in operation from 1942 to 1943 and was in standby from 1944 to 1946. The area was decommissioned and sold after 1946. The Glendale area continued to develop to its present status. Most of the present apartment complexes were built during this time . ISalt Lake County worked with

576-627: The U.S., Tongan Americans constitute a small 0.02% of the U.S. population, with over 67,000 people recorded having Tongan ancestry in the country as of 2020. Much of the U.S. Tongan community resides in California . In San Mateo County (0.7% of the county's population) in the San Francisco Bay Area , there are over 5,000 Tongan Americans, mainly concentrated in Daly City , East Palo Alto , San Mateo , and San Bruno . There

612-601: The Unity Gardens, a community garden space. Glendale is home to Wasatch Commons, one of the only cohousing projects in Utah. Glendale also has one of the sites where the movie, " The Sandlot " was filmed. The site is located between Glenrose Drive and Navajo Street. Based on data from February 1 to August 1, 2012, crime in Glendale is comparable to crime in Rose Park, Poplar Grove, and Liberty Wells neighborhoods, and

648-643: The Utah Division of Parks to establish the Jordan River Parkway during this time. Of the 7601 acres of zoned land within Glendale's boundaries, 7.5% (571 acres) is commercial, 56.7% (4309 acres) is manufacturing/industrial, 28.8% (2189 acres) is special purpose (open space, public land, and agriculture), and 7% (532 acres) is residential. As of 2010, Glendale has a population of 9962 people living in 2751 houses. The preliminary West Salt Lake City master plan outlines many improvements for

684-579: The country. In the 1930s, Tonga had a population of about 32,000. Starting in the 1970s large scale migration began to Australia and New Zealand. By the 1970s the emigration rate from Tonga to Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada, France and the United States was over 2% annually. The country has over 100,000 residents. Births and deaths There are over 150,000 people of Tongan descent living outside of Tonga, mostly in New Zealand ,

720-650: The country. Everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith; for example, all commerce and entertainment activities cease from midnight Saturday until midnight Sunday, and the constitution declares the Sabbath to be sacred, forever. Other important Christian denominations include Methodists (Free Wesleyan) and Roman Catholics , and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Primary education between ages 6 and 14

756-592: The exceptions of Glendale Circle and Nelli Jack parks, are adjacent to the Jordan River . The International Peace Gardens park was conceived in 1939, dedicated in 1952, and has areas dedicated to 27 different countries. Jordan Park is West Salt Lake's largest park and hosts the People's Market, a weekly market inspired by Kyle LaMalfa where locals can buy and sell a variety of items. The Jordan River Parkway connects several west Salt Lake City neighborhoods, and

SECTION 20

#1732765064965

792-463: The first humans to cross vast distances of water on ocean-going boats. Despite the popularity of rejected hypotheses, such as Thor Heyerdahl 's belief that Polynesians are descendants of "bearded white men" who sailed on primitive rafts from South America , Polynesians are believed to have originated from a branch of the Austronesian migrations in Island Melanesia . The direct ancestors of

828-466: The genetics of modern Polynesians (as well as Islander Melanesians ) occurred after the settlement of Tonga and Vanuatu . A 2020 study found that Polynesians and the Indigenous peoples of South America came in contact around 1200, centuries before Europeans interacted with either group. There are an estimated 2 million ethnic Polynesians and many of partial Polynesian descent worldwide,

864-509: The highest concentrations of Tongans in the area. Euless, Texas , in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, has a significant Tongan community, with more than 1,000 residents. Portland, Oregon has 500 Tongan individuals, with its metropolitan area having several hundred more in addition. Polynesians Polynesians are an ethnolinguistic group comprising closely related ethnic groups native to Polynesia , which encompasses

900-409: The incoming Neolithic Austronesian settlers and the preexisting Paleolithic Australo-Melanesian populations of Island Southeast Asia and Melanesia . Studies from 2016 and 2017 also support the idea that the earliest Lapita settlers mostly bypassed New Guinea, coming directly from Taiwan or the northern Philippines . The intermarriage and admixture with Australo-Melanesian Papuans evident in

936-1255: The islands within the Polynesian Triangle in the Pacific Ocean . They trace their early prehistoric origins to Island Southeast Asia and are part of the larger Austronesian ethnolinguistic group, with an Urheimat in Taiwan . They speak the Polynesian languages , a branch of the Oceanic subfamily within the Austronesian language family . The Indigenous Māori people form the largest Polynesian population, followed by Samoans , Native Hawaiians , Tahitians , Tongans , and Cook Islands Māori . As of 2012 , there were an estimated 2 million ethnic Polynesians (both full and part) worldwide. The vast majority either inhabit independent Polynesian nation-states ( Samoa , Niue , Cook Islands , Tonga , and Tuvalu ) or form minorities in countries such as Australia , Chile ( Easter Island ), New Zealand , France ( French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna ), and

972-492: The majority of whom live in Polynesia, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. The Polynesian peoples are listed below in their distinctive ethnic and cultural groupings, with estimates of the larger groups provided: Polynesia : Polynesian outliers : Glendale, Salt Lake City The Glendale neighborhood is the area west of Interstate 15 to the western Salt Lake City boundary. Glendale's southern edge borders

1008-421: The population was Protestant 63.9% (includes Free Wesleyan Church 34.2%, Free Church of Tonga 11.3%, Church of Tonga 6.8%, Tokaikolo Christian Church 1.5%, Assembly of God 2.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Constitutional Church of Tonga 1.2%, and other Protestant 4%), Latter-day Saints 19.7%, Roman Catholic 13.7%, other 2.1%, none 0.6%, unspecified 0.1%. As the 1960s ended the population growth rate fell rapidly in

1044-463: The present day. Polynesians, including Samoans , Tongans , Niueans , Cook Islands Māori , Tahitian Mā'ohi , Hawaiian Māoli , Marquesans , and New Zealand Māori , are a subset of the Austronesian peoples . They share the same origins as the indigenous peoples of Taiwan , Maritime Southeast Asia , Micronesia , and Madagascar . This is supported by genetic , linguistic and archaeological evidence. There are multiple hypotheses regarding

1080-485: The relocation of the Ninth Service Command to Fort Douglas, Utah . The area south of California Avenue, east of 1200 West, and west of the Jordan River, was developed from 1947 to 1952. The area north of California Avenue and south of Glendale Drive was also developed at this time. The main development in the western, industrial part of Glendale was the Utah Ordnance Plant. This area was operated by

1116-400: The residential areas to become working-class neighborhoods. Before the 1930s, Salt Lake City was highly polluted, having hazy air, and the Jordan River was used as a sewage disposal canal, making it a less desirable place to live near. There are several houses on the east side of the Jordan River on present day California Avenue that were built prior to 1930. Based on aerial photography,

Demographics of Tonga - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-406: The result of genetic drift and represent the descendants of a few Austronesian females who mixed with Papuan males. The Polynesian population experienced a founder effect and genetic drift due to the small number of ancestors. As a result of the founder effect, Polynesians are distinctively different both genotypically and phenotypically from the parent population, due to the establishment of

1188-460: The ultimate origin and mode of dispersal of the Austronesian peoples , but the most widely accepted theory is that modern Austronesians originated from migrations out of Taiwan between 3000 and 1000 BC. Using relatively advanced maritime innovations such as the catamaran , outrigger boats , and crab claw sails , they rapidly colonized the islands of both the Indian and Pacific oceans. They were

1224-559: The west side of Salt Lake City, including improvements to the area's entrances, upholding property maintenance standards, improving bicycle access, and improving the appearance of roads in the neighborhoods. Bordering the north extent of the Glendale neighborhood, the 9 Line Trail is a new trail network connecting West Salt Lake City to the rest of the city. Glendale is a neighborhood full of diversity. There are more than 25 different languages spoken in Glendale. Glendale has 10 parks, totaling about 88 acres: Most of Glendale's parks, with

1260-533: The western Polynesian islands of Fiji , Samoa , and Tonga by around 900 BC. This remained the furthest extent of the Austronesian expansion in the Pacific for approximately 1,500 years, during which the Lapita culture in these islands abruptly lost the technology of pottery-making for unknown reasons. They resumed their eastward migrations around 700 AD, spreading to the Cook Islands , French Polynesia , and

1296-686: Was built in 1876. There are maps , photography , property descriptions , and paintings documenting the development of this area. On May 31, 1896, the Latter-day Saint Cannon Ward was established by members of the Cannon family, serving the area between 600 West to the east, Redwood Road to the west, Indiana Avenue to the north, and 2700 South to the south. As of December 31, 1900, the Cannon Ward contained 61 families consisting of 331 people, 81 of which were children. In

#964035