Misplaced Pages

#160839

50-552: Tongareva may refer to: Tongareva atoll Tongareva language Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tongareva . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tongareva&oldid=880706267 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

100-464: A campaign developed to raise money for the proposed society, and its first meeting was organised at Baker's Coffee House on Change Alley in the City of London. Eighteen supporters showed up and helped agree the aims of the proposed missionary society – to spread the knowledge of Christ among heathen and other unenlightened nations . By Christmas over thirty men were committed to forming the society. In

150-479: A fine white leaf. Called rito weaving, the traditional items woven are Sunday church fans, small baskets and hats, the hats originally being copies of the ones the sailors wore. Weaving is an economic activity in both villages; both traditional and artificial dyes may be used. Black pearl farming, together with mother of pearl , was previously the only significant economic activity on the island. Pearl farming began in 1997–1998. In 2000, algal blooms spread around

200-541: A lack of passengers or lack of fuel on Penrhyn for the return flight. A large passage in the lagoon allows inter-island ships to enter the lagoon, and the island has become popular as a stopover for yachts crossing the Pacific from Panama to New Zealand . The inter-island Taio Shipping company visits the island approximately every three months. The locally produced Rito hats are woven from fibre from young coconut leaves, which are stripped, boiled and dried, resulting in

250-475: A lagoon with an area of 233 square kilometres (90 sq mi). The atoll is atop the highest submarine volcano in the Cook Islands, rising 4,876 metres (15,997 ft) from the ocean floor. The atoll is low-lying, with a maximum elevation of less than 5 metres (16 ft). The total land area is 9.84 square kilometres (3.80 sq mi). The atoll rim consists of 18 major islets. Clockwise, from

300-531: A letter to the churches of the Midlands, expressing the need for interdenominational world evangelization and foreign missions. It was effective and Williams began to play an active part in the plans for a missionary society. He left Birmingham in 1795, becoming pastor at Masbrough , Rotherham, and tutor of the newly formed Masbrough academy . Also in 1793, the Anglican cleric John Eyre of Hackney founded

350-544: A nearby island as agricultural workers. The Tongarevans went willingly: coconut blight had led to famine, while the local missionaries saw work overseas as a way of bring money to the atoll to pay for larger churches. Once on board, they were shackled in the hold and guarded day and night. 253 survived the voyage to reach Callao , Peru, where they were sold for between $ 100 and $ 200 each. Further slaving expeditions followed, and in total, 472 Tongarevans were sold in Peru. Penrhyn

400-524: A single room. New Zealand Aid paid completely for a new school to be constructed, called Meitaki Poria. Penrhyn was formerly one of the most densely inhabited atolls in Polynesia, with an estimated pre-European population of 2,000. Depopulation by slavers reduced this to just 88 people, and its population on annexation by New Zealand was just 420. All of the habitable islets were previously occupied, with Moananui home to two rival settlements. Following

450-548: A small group of people and be hard to sustain. Edward Williams continued his involvement and, in July 1796, gave the charge to the first missionaries sent out by the Society. The Society aimed to create a forum where evangelicals could work together, give overseas missions financial support and co-ordination. It also advocated against opponents who wanted unrestricted commercial and military relations with native peoples throughout

500-705: Is commemorated to this day by the Torres Strait Islanders in the annual Coming of the Light Festival . The Society soon sent missionaries all over the world, notably to India, China, Australia, Madagascar and Africa. Famous LMS missionaries included: The London Missionary Society merged with the Commonwealth Missionary Society (formerly the Colonial Missionary Society ) in 1966 to form

550-459: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tongareva atoll Penrhyn (also called Tongareva , Māngarongaro , Hararanga , and Te Pitaka ) is an atoll in the northern group of the Cook Islands in the south Pacific Ocean . The northernmost island in the group, it is located at 1,365 km (848 mi) north-north-east of

SECTION 10

#1732791338161

600-470: Is supplemented with imported rice and flour shipped in from Rarotonga or Hawai'i. The boats are infrequent (usually every 3 months). Electricity has been supplied by a generator in each village (Omoka 65 KVA, Te Tautua 35 KVA); these have been installed by Australian Aid . Provision of diesel fuel required two long sea voyages: Auckland to Rarotonga, then onwards to the northern Cooks Islands (ships travelled 7,000 km each way). To save fuel, electricity

650-601: The Evangelical Magazine . He had the support of the presbyterian John Love , and congregationalists Edward Parsons and John Townshend (1757–1826). Proposals for the Missionary Society began in 1794 after a Baptist minister, John Ryland , received word from William Carey , the pioneer British Baptist missionary who had recently moved to Calcutta , about the need to spread Christianity . Carey suggested that Ryland join forces with others along

700-711: The Congregational Council for World Mission (CCWM). At the formation of the United Reformed Church in 1972 it underwent another name change, becoming the Council for World Mission (Congregational and Reformed) . The CWM (Congregational and Reformed) was again restructured in 1977 to create a more internationalist and global body, the Council for World Mission . The records of the London Missionary Society are held at

750-681: The United States claimed sovereignty over the island under the Guano Islands Act . That claim had never been recognised by Britain and the Cook Islands. New Zealand sovereignty was recognised during World War II U.S. military operations involving the islands. On 11 June 1980, in connection with establishing the maritime boundary between the Cook Islands and American Samoa , the United States signed Cook Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty acknowledging that Penrhyn

800-950: The gospels . After attending Homerton College , then in Hampstead, William Ellis was ordained in 1815. Soon atter his marriage to Mary Mercy Moor on 9 November 1815 they were posted to the South Sea Islands returning in 1824. He later become Chief Foreign Secretary. In September 1816, Robert Moffat (1795–1883) was commissioned in the Surrey Chapel, Southwark , on the same day as John Williams . Moffat served in South Africa until 1870. Mary Moffat joined him and they married in 1819. The LMS only employed male missionaries and it preferred them to be married. The Moffats were to have several children who also became and/or married missionaries. In 1817, Edward Stallybrass

850-716: The American brig USS Porpoise , under command of Lieutenant Commander Cadwalader Ringgold , as part of the United States Exploring Expedition in February 1841. The brig Chatham ran aground at Penrhyn during a storm in January 1853, resulting in some of the crew being stranded on the island for almost a year. One of them, the trader Edward Henry Lamont, documented his stay in Wild Life among

900-593: The LMS mission was accepted and grew rapidly throughout the Samoan Islands. The eastern end of the Samoan archipelago, was the kingdom of Manu'a . The paramount chief, Tui-Manu'a embraced Christianity and Manu'a also became a LMS island kingdom. 1832 – John Williams ( Ioane Viliamu as he is known to Samoans) landed at Leone Bay in what was later to become American Samoa . (Tala faasolopito o le Ekalesia Samoa) He

950-569: The Pacific Islanders . The London Missionary Society , which had begun missionary activities in the Cook Islands from 1821, sent a group of three Polynesian missionaries to Penrhyn in 1854. Robert Louis Stevenson visited Penrhyn in May 1890. In the early 1860s, Penrhyn was almost completely depopulated by Peruvian blackbirding expeditions. In 1862, the ship Adelante took hundreds of Tongarevans aboard, ostensibly to transport them to

1000-755: The Rev. Archibald Wright Murray evangelised among the inhabitants of the Ellice Islands . 15 October 1870 - Rev. Samuel James Whitmee arrived at Arorae (Gilbert Islands, now Kiribati ), and later that month he visited Tamana , Onoatoa and Beru . In August 1872, George Pratt of the LMS visited the Gilbert Islands. 1871 - London Missionary Society arrives in the Torres Strait Islands (now in Queensland , Australia). The event

1050-606: The Samoa Mission Press. In 1840, the medical missionary and explorer David Livingstone (1813–1873) departed for South Africa, arriving in 1841, and serving with the LMS until 1857. Moffat and Livingstone met circa 1841. In 1845, Livingstone married Robert and Mary Moffat's daughter Mary (1821–1862). Around 1842, founded the London Missionary Society's School for the Sons and Orphans of Missionaries, now known as Eltham College . David Livingstone sent his son Robert to

SECTION 20

#1732791338161

1100-698: The Society placed missionaries with the Rev. David Bogue of Gosport for preparation for their ministries. Captain James Wilson offered to sail the missionaries to their destination unpaid. The Society was able to afford the small ship Duff , of 267 tons ( bm ). It could carry 18 crew members and 30 missionaries. Seven months after the crew left port from the Woolwich docks in late 1796 they arrived in Tahiti , where seventeen missionaries departed. The missionaries were then instructed to become friendly with

1150-570: The Tahitians, named Papehia, was used as intermediaries to convince local chiefs to join the new gospel. 1830 – John Williams sighted the coast of Savai'i in Samoa and landed on August 24, 1830 at Sapapali'i village in search of Malietoa Vai‘inupo , a paramount chief of Samoa. John Williams was greeted by his brother Taimalelagi. Upon meeting Malietoa at a large gathering in Sapapali'i,

1200-457: The arrival of the missionaries, the population concentrated around the churches in four villages. Two of these villages were subsequently abandoned due to depopulation by slavers. Today, Penrhyn Atoll has two villages. The main village of Omoka , the seat of Penrhyn Island Council, is on Moananui Islet , on the western rim of the atoll, north of the airport. The village of Te Tautua is on Pokerekere Islet (also known as Pokerere or Tautua), on

1250-707: The atoll Tongareva ("Tonga floating in space", "Tonga-in-the-skies" and "Away from the South"). Europeans first encountered the island in 1788, when the Lady Penrhyn , commanded by Captain William Crofton Sever, passed by the island on 8 August while returning from delivering the first convicts to Australia . It was later visited by the Russian explorer Otto von Kotzebue in April 1816, and then by

1300-418: The capital island of Rarotonga , 9 degrees south of the equator . Its nearest neighbours are Rakahanga and Manihiki , approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) to the southwest. Once one of the most heavily populated atolls, it was almost completely depopulated by Peruvian slavers in 1864. Penrhyn is a roughly circular coral atoll with a circumference of approximately 77 km (48 mi), enclosing

1350-716: The central north coast of Savai'i island in Samoa in August 1837. He left the LMS in 1850 when he accepted a position with the Congregational church in Auckland, New Zealand. 1839–1879 – The Rev. George Pratt served as a missionary in Samoa for many years, at the station at Matautu on Savai'i island. Pratt was a linguist and authored the first grammar and dictionary on the Samoan language , first published in 1862 at

1400-503: The completed field. Two additional runways were added later. During the war, U.S. Navy PBY Catalina and USAAF B-24 Liberator bombers were stationed on the island, along with about a thousand support personnel. A communications link through the island was established by the U.S. Army Signal Corps . American forces were withdrawn in September 1946. The U.S. Army vessel Southern Seas struck an uncharted reef on 22 July 1942 and

1450-551: The crew. Of the seventeen missionaries that arrived in Tahiti, eight soon left on the first British ship to arrive in Tahiti. When Duff returned to Britain it was immediately sent back to Tahiti with thirty more missionaries. This journey was disastrous. A French privateer captured Duff , landed its prisoners in Montevideo, and sold her. The expense of the journey cost 'The Missionary Society' ten thousand pounds , which

1500-585: The eastern rim. The inhabitants of the island are Christians , with 92% of the population belonging to the Cook Islands Christian Church , while the remaining 8% adhere to the Roman Catholic Church . The World War II airstrip is still used today as Tongareva Airport , with its initial 3,000-meter runway reduced to 1,700 meters. Weekly flights to the atoll by Air Rarotonga are subject to frequent cancellations due to

1550-441: The end of May 2015. Some work is possibly still ongoing for all northern atolls to be on renewable energy. The Omoka solar farm and Te Tautua solar farm now provide 126 kW and 42 kW, respectively. 9°00′20″S 157°58′10″W  /  9.00556°S 157.96944°W  / -9.00556; -157.96944 London Missionary Society In 1793, Edward Williams , then minister at Carr's Lane, Birmingham, wrote

Tongareva - Misplaced Pages Continue

1600-403: The following year, 1795, Spa Fields Chapel was approached for permission to preach a sermon to the various ministers and others by now keenly associated with the plan to send missionaries abroad. This was organised for Tuesday 22 September 1795, the host chapel insisting that no collection for the proposed society must be made during the founding event which would be more solemn, and formally mark

1650-597: The island of Erromango whilst he was preaching to them. He was traveling at the time in the Missionary ship Camden commanded by Captain Robert Clark Morgan (1798–1864). A memorial stone was erected on the island of Rarotonga in 1839 and is still there today. His widow is buried with their son, Samuel Tamatoa Williams, at the old Cedar Circle in London's Abney Park Cemetery , the name of her husband and

1700-501: The lagoon, and a virus killed the pearl oysters. The stocks never recovered, and the final harvest was in 2003, resulting in significant losses of equipment, outlay and resources. The present population of the island relies on the ocean for most of their food as well as locally grown plants such as coconut, pawpaw, breadfruit and puraka (yam). Every morning (except on Sundays), men from the island head out in small tin boats to spear or trawl for fish for their families. The islanders' diet

1750-465: The nations which are in like condition with yourselves of old, to entreat them that they turn from their dumb idol to the living God, and to wait for His Son from heaven? Verily their debtors ye are. John Eyre responded by inviting a leading and influential evangelical, the Rev. Thomas Haweis , to write a response to Bogue's appeal. The Cornishman sided firmly with Bogue, and immediately identified two donors, one of £500, and one of £100. From this start,

1800-417: The natives, build a mission house for sleeping and worship, and learn the native language. The missionaries faced unforeseen problems. The natives had firearms and were anxious to gain possessions from the crew. The Tahitians also had faced difficulties with diseases spread from the crews of ships that had previously docked there. The natives saw this as retribution from the gods, and they were very suspicious of

1850-690: The non-denominational lines of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade , to design a society that could prevail against the difficulties that evangelicals often faced when spreading the Word. This aimed to overcome the difficulties that establishment of overseas missions had faced. It had frequently proved hard to raise the finance because evangelicals belonged to many denominations and churches; all too often their missions would only reach

1900-470: The northwest, these are: Polynesians are believed to have lived on Penrhyn since 900 or 1000 AD. According to oral tradition , the island was fished up by Vatea , using part of his thigh as bait, and has been inhabited since the time of creation. Other legends tell of the island being visited by various ancestors of Tangiia-nui of Rarotonga on their way from Samoa to Tahiti . Other ancestors came from Aitutaki and Rakahanga . The Polynesians named

1950-794: The origin of the Missionary Society . Hundreds of evangelicals attended, and the newly launched society quickly began receiving letters of financial support, and interest from prospective missionaries. Joseph Hardcastle of Hatcham House, Deptford became the first Treasurer, and the Rev. John Eyre of Hackney (editor of the Evangelical Magazine ) became the first Secretary to the Missionary Society—the latter appointment providing it with an effective 'newspaper' to promote its cause. The Missionary Society's board quickly began interviewing prospective candidates. In 1800

2000-797: The record of his death described first on the stone. John Williams' remains were sought by a group from Samoa and his bones were brought back to Samoa, where throngs of the LMS mission attended a funeral service attended by Samoan royalty, high-ranking chiefs and the LMS missionaries. His remains were interred at the native LMS church in Apia. A monument stands in his memory across from the Congregational Christian Church of Apia chapel. The Rev. Alexander MacDonald and his wife Selina ( née Blomfield ) arrived in Rarotonga in May 1836, then Samoa in April 1837 and settled at Safune on

2050-591: The school during the 1850s. Eric Liddell , Olympic athlete and Missionary, also attended the school. 1844 – London Missionary Society established Malua Theological College at the village of Malua on Upolu to educate local men to become village clergy for the rapidly growing mission with over 250 villages and 25,000 membership. 1844 – London Missionary Society sent Samoan missionaries to surrounding islands; Rotuma , Niue , Tokelau , Ellice Islands , Papua , Vanuatu . Over 300 served in Papua alone. 1865 -

Tongareva - Misplaced Pages Continue

2100-767: The world. After Ryland showed Carey's letter to Henry Overton Wills , an anti-slavery campaigner in Bristol , he quickly gained support. Scottish ministers in the London area, David Bogue and James Steven, as well as other evangelicals such as John Hey, joined forces to organize a new society. Bogue wrote an influential appeal in the Evangelical Magazine for September 1794: Ye were once Pagans, living in cruel and abominable idolatry. The servants of Jesus came from other lands, and preached His Gospel among you. Hence your knowledge of salvation. And ought ye not, as an equitable compensation for their kindness, to send messengers to

2150-489: Was always turned off overnight (11 pm to 6 am). The New Zealand Government ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade ) decided to assist the Cook Islands Government by funding solar power arrays in all the northern atolls. The Aid programme Uira Natura ko Tokerau was for NZ$ 20 million. The build was by PowerSmart Solar of New Zealand. Construction began on 23 February 2015, each village was solar powered by

2200-590: Was appointed superintendent of the London Missionary Society stations in South Africa where he fought for the rights of the indigenous people. 1821 – John Williams is the first recorded reverend of the Cook Islands Christian Church (CICC) in Arutanga, Aitutaki, Cook Islands. It is here that the missionary work was first established. In later years John Williams visited Rarotonga, taking with him two Tahitians he picked up from Tahiti. One of

2250-582: Was informed that men of their village have accepted the 'lotu' brought by Ioane Viliamu in Savai'i; not knowing John Williams now stood before them. A monument stands before the large Siona Chapel – now CCCAS in Leone, American Samoa – in honor of John Williams. In 1839, John Williams's missionary work whilst visiting the New Hebrides came to an abrupt end, when he was killed and eaten by cannibals on

2300-700: Was initially devastating to the Society. Gradually it recovered, however, and in 1807 was able to establish a mission in Guangzhou (Canton), China under Robert Morrison . Another missionary who served in China was John Kenneth Mackenzie. A native of Yarmouth in England, he served in Hankow and Tientsin . Starting in 1815, they hired Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir as a translator, to work on many texts including

2350-545: Was officially annexed for Great Britain by Captain Sir William Wiseman of HMS Caroline on 22 March 1888. The island was considered to have a strategic location on the route of a proposed Trans-Pacific telegraphic connection between Canada and Australia. The Cook Islands were a British protectorate 1888 to 1900, when annexed to New Zealand , until independence in 1965 when residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. From 1856 to 1980,

2400-482: Was sent out to Russia to start a mission among the Buryat people of Siberia. The mission received the blessing of Alexander I of Russia , but was suppressed in 1840 under his successor Nicholas I . Alongside Stallybrass worked Cornelius Rahmn  [ Wikidata ] of Sweden, William Swan and Robert Yuille of Scotland. In 1818, the Society was renamed The London Missionary Society . In 1822, John Philip

2450-673: Was severely damaged with flooded engine rooms and abandoned in Taruia Pass while on an island charting assignment in support of the construction. The ship was later salvaged by the Navy and commissioned for naval use. In February 2010, much of Omoka was damaged by Cyclone Pat , but there were no serious casualties. The village school was demolished, and the community was left without teaching facilities. Tongareva's Women's Craft Guild loaned their meeting house; however, this meant that five classes ranging from 3 to 16 years old had to be taught in

2500-480: Was under Cook Islands sovereignty. In early 1942, Japanese advances had placed the South Pacific air ferry route's initial path at some risk so that an alternate route was directed. In March, Leif J. Sverdrup was determined for a tour of suitable islands for local labour that could help build an airfield. U.S. Navy Seabees began work on a runway in July 1942, with aviation gasoline storage tanks added to

#160839