Tongling ( simplified Chinese : 铜陵 ; traditional Chinese : 銅陵 ; pinyin : Tónglíng ; Wade–Giles : T'ung-ling ; lit. 'Copper Hillock') is a prefecture-level city in southern Anhui province of China . A river port along the Yangtze River , Tongling borders Wuhu to the east, Chizhou to the southwest and Anqing to the west.
31-522: As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,311,726 inhabitants whom 842,675 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts. The asteroid 12418 Tongling was named after the city. Tongling has been famous as a beautiful mountain city since its origins in the Han dynasty over 1500 years ago. Owing to its copper and tin deposits, it was an important center in the past for bronze production. The scale of industrial activity gradually increased through
62-480: A human being. There are about 300 programs, surveys and observatories credited as discoverers . Among these, a small group of U.S. programs and surveys actually account for most of all discoveries made so far (see pie chart) . As the total of numbered minor planets is growing by the tens of thousands every year, all statistical figures are constantly changing. In contrast to the Top 10 discoverers displayed in this articles,
93-417: A magnitude-to-diameter conversion, using an assumed albedo derived from the body's orbital parameters or, if available, from a family -specific mean albedo (also see asteroid family table ) . This is an overview of all existing partial lists of numbered minor planets ( LoMP ). Each table stands for 100,000 minor planets, each cell for a specific partial list of 1,000 sequentially numbered bodies. The data
124-518: A mean-diameter, sourced from JPL's SBDB or otherwise calculated estimates in italics ( § Diameter ) , and a reference (Ref) to the corresponding pages at MPC and JPL SBDB. The MPC may credit one or several astronomers, a survey or similar program, or even the observatory site with the discovery. In the first column of the table, an existing stand-alone article is linked in boldface, while (self-)redirects are never linked. Discoverers, discovery site and category are only linked if they differ from
155-411: A minor planet includes a permanent and provisional designation ( § Designation ) , a citation that links to the meanings of minor planet names (only if named), the discovery date, location, and credited discoverers ( § Discovery and § Discoverers ) , a category with a more refined classification than the principal grouping represented by the background color ( § Category ) ,
186-410: A name can be given, replacing the provisional part of the designation, e.g. 4179 Toutatis . (On Misplaced Pages, named minor planets also drop their parentheses.) In modern times, a minor planet receives a sequential number only after it has been observed several times over at least 4 oppositions. Minor planets whose orbits are not (yet) precisely known are known by their provisional designation. This rule
217-660: A symbol of friendship a statue was erected in local Tianjinhu-Lake-Park. Tongling has been twinned with the Borough of Halton in England since 1997. A Chinese friendship garden was created in the grounds of Runcorn Town Hall in 2006, including a bronze statue gifted by the twin city of Tongling. "China Tongling" . Tongling People's Government. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019 . Retrieved 22 March 2013 . "Tongline News" . Tongling News . Retrieved 22 March 2013 . 12418 Tongling The following
248-759: A trillion minor planets in the Kuiper belt . For minor planets grouped by a particular aspect or property, see § Specific lists . The list of minor planets consists of more than 700 partial lists, each containing 1000 minor planets grouped into 10 tables. The data is sourced from the Minor Planet Center (MPC) and expanded with data from the JPL SBDB (mean-diameter), Johnston's archive (sub-classification) and others (see detailed field descriptions below) . For an overview of all existing partial lists, see § Main index . The information given for
279-437: Is 1 Ceres , discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801, while its best-known entry is Pluto , listed as 134340 Pluto . The vast majority (97.3%) of minor planets are asteroids from the asteroid belt (the catalog uses a color code to indicate a body's dynamical classification ). There are more than a thousand different minor-planet discoverers observing from a growing list of registered observatories . In terms of numbers,
310-503: Is a partial list of minor planets , running from minor-planet number 12001 through 13000, inclusive. The primary data for this and other partial lists is based on JPL 's "Small-Body Orbital Elements" and data available from the Minor Planet Center . Critical list information is also provided by the MPC, unless otherwise specified from Lowell Observatory . A detailed description of the table's columns and additional sources are given on
341-539: Is expected that the upcoming survey by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will discover another 5 million minor planets during the next ten years—almost a tenfold increase from current numbers. While all main-belt asteroids with a diameter above 10 km (6.2 mi) have already been discovered, there might be as many as 10 trillion 1 m (3.3 ft)-sized asteroids or larger out to the orbit of Jupiter; and more than
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#1732771867504372-749: The Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties, the Japanese occupation of 1938–45, and especially under the Communist government since 1949. Tongling has been a mining center since the 7th century CE. While it has only been an industrial city for the second half of the 20th century. Tongling is located in southern Anhui on the southern (right) bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with latitude ranging from 30° 45' 12" to 31° 07' 56" N and longitude ranging from 117° 42' 00" to 118° 10' 06" E;
403-535: The Minor Planet Center , which operates on behalf of the International Astronomical Union , publishes thousands of newly numbered minor planets in its Minor Planet Circulars (see index ) . As of October 2024 , there are 740,000 numbered minor planets (secured discoveries) out of a total of 1,386,752 observed small Solar System bodies, with the remainder being unnumbered minor planets and comets. The catalog's first object
434-556: The Palomar Observatory , or G96 for the Mount Lemmon Survey . On numbering, the MPC may directly credit such an observatory or program as the discoverer of an object, rather than one or several astronomers. In this catalog, minor planets are classified into one of 8 principal orbital groups and highlighted with a distinct color. These are: The vast majority of minor planets are evenly distributed between
465-571: The MPC summarizes the total of discoveries somewhat differently, that is by a distinct group of discoverers. For example, bodies discovered in the Palomar–Leiden Survey are directly credited to the program's principal investigators. Observatories, telescopes and surveys that report astrometric observations of small Solar System bodies to the Minor Planet Center receive a numeric or alphanumeric MPC code such as 675 for
496-465: The beauty and richness of Tongling. The Tongling Sports Centre Stadium is located in the city. The football stadium has a capacity of 30,000 and it opened in 2018. Tongling ginger is one of the "eight treasures" of Tongling. It is a perennial herb and an annual cultivated crop. Tongling ginger is scientifically identified by the Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Horticulture and belongs to
527-491: The city of Marbach am Neckar in Baden-Württemberg , Germany was established in 1990 and was among the first Sino-German town-twinnings, or sister city relationships. One lady citizen of Marbach am Neckar has been awarded honorary citizenship of Tongling City in 2005, recognizing her relentless effort to keep up the town-twinning. Marbach is the birthplace of the famous German poet Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805), as
558-421: The end of the twentieth century, large-scale automated asteroid discovery programs such as LINEAR have increased the pace of discoveries so much that the vast majority of minor planets will most likely never receive names. For these reasons, the sequence of numbers only approximately matches the timeline of discovery. In extreme cases, such as lost minor planets, there may be a considerable mismatch: for instance
589-426: The high-numbered 69230 Hermes was originally discovered in 1937, but it was lost until 2003. Only after it was rediscovered could its orbit be established and a number assigned. The MPC credits more than 1,000 professional and amateur astronomers as discoverers of minor planets . Many of them have discovered only a few minor planets or even just co-discovered a single one. Moreover, a discoverer does not need to be
620-419: The inner (white), central (light-grey) and outer regions (dark grey) of the asteroid belt . The provisional designation for all objects is an uncommon survey designation . After discovery, minor planets generally receive a provisional designation , e.g. 1989 AC , then a leading sequential number in parentheses, e.g. (4179) 1989 AC , turning it into a permanent designation (numbered minor planet). Optionally,
651-455: The inner-, central and outer parts of the asteroid belt , which are separated by the two Kirkwood gaps at 2.5 and 2.82 AU . Nearly 97.5% of all minor planets are main-belt asteroids (MBA), while Jupiter trojans , Mars-crossing and near-Earth asteroids each account for less than 1% of the overall population. Only a small number of distant minor planets , that is the centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects , have been numbered so far. In
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#1732771867504682-536: The list of minor planets diverges from the Discovery Circumstances in the official MPC list. ) 189004 Capys , discovered on 16 October 1977, is the only named minor planet among these five. Its background color indicates that it is a Jupiter trojan (from the Trojan camp at Jupiter's L 5 ), estimated to be approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. All other objects are smaller asteroids from
713-402: The main page including a complete list of every page in this series, and a statistical break-up on the dynamical classification of minor planets. Also see the summary list of all named bodies in numerical and alphabetical order, and the corresponding naming citations for the number range of this particular list. New namings may only be added to this list after official publication, as
744-540: The maximal north–south extent is 42.5 kilometres (26.4 mi), and the greatest east–west width is 40.6 km (25.2 mi). It borders Fanchang County to the southeast, Qingyang County and Nanling County to the south, Guichi District of Chizhou to the southwest, and, northwest across the Yangtze, Wuwei County and Zongyang County . The prefecture-level city of Tongling administers 4 county-level divisions , including 3 districts and 1 county . In 2012,
775-400: The most prolific discoverers are Spacewatch , LINEAR , MLS , NEAT and CSS . There are also 24,975 named minor planets mostly after people, places and figures from mythology and fiction , which account for only 3.4% of all numbered catalog entries. (4596) 1981 QB and 734551 Monin are currently the lowest-numbered unnamed and highest-numbered named minor planets, respectively. It
806-559: The partial lists, table column "category" further refines this principal grouping: If available, a minor planet's mean diameter in meters (m) or kilometers (km) is taken from the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer , which the Small-Body Database has also adopted. Mean diameters are rounded to two significant figures if smaller than 100 kilometers. Estimates are in italics and calculated from
837-654: The preannouncement of names is condemned by the Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature of the International Astronomical Union . List of minor planets The following is a list of numbered minor planets in ascending numerical order. With the exception of comets , minor planets are all small bodies in the Solar System , including asteroids , distant objects and dwarf planets . The catalog consists of hundreds of pages, each containing 1,000 minor planets. Every year,
868-456: The preceding catalog entry. The example above shows five catalog entries from one of the partial lists . All five asteroids were discovered at Palomar Observatory by the Palomar–Leiden survey (PLS). The MPC directly credits the survey's principal investigators, that is, the astronomers Cornelis van Houten , Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels . (This is the only instance where
899-545: The provincial government made plans to cede Zongyang County from Anqing City to Tongling City, in order to grant the latter land across the Yangtze. As of November 2017, Tongling has two bridges across the Yangtze River . Tongling is served by the Nanjing–Tongling , Tongling–Jiujiang , Lujiang-Tongling Railways, Nanjing–Anqing Intercity Railway and Hefei-Fuzhou High-Speed Railway . The famous poet of Tang Dynasty, Li Bai (c.700–762, also known as Li Po) praised
930-628: The type of white ginger. The fresh ginger skin is white and slightly yellow, the ginger is bergamot-shaped, and the petals are thick and thick. Tongling dried tofu which began production in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. Because Datong Town is the only way to the Buddhist shrine Jiuhua Mountain, pilgrims worshipping Buddhas from all over the country and Korea, India and other countries must purchase Tongling dried tofu for vegetarian food. The contract of town-twinning with
961-445: Was not necessarily followed in earlier times, and some bodies received a number but subsequently became lost minor planets . The 2000 recovery of 719 Albert , which had been lost for nearly 89 years, eliminated the last numbered lost asteroid. Only after a number is assigned is the minor planet eligible to receive a name. Usually the discoverer has up to 10 years to pick a name; many minor planets now remain unnamed. Especially towards