A tehsil ( Hindustani pronunciation: [tɛɦsiːl] , also known as tahsil , taluk , or taluka ) is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan . It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of villages . The terms in India have replaced earlier terms, such as pargana ( pergunnah ) and thana .
35-452: Top Station is a tourist destination located in Theni district of Tamil nadu . Top Station is notable as the historic transshipment location for Kannan Devan tea delivered there from Munnar and Madupatty by railway and then down by ropeway to Kottagudi . This area is popular for the rare Neelakurinji flowers. The Kurinjimala Sanctuary is nearby. Top Station is the western entrance to
70-449: A designated place within tehsil area known as tehsil headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of tehsil office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level. Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/Panchayat system within the state. At the top is the zila/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/mandal panchayat/panchayat samiti/community development block is the second layer of this system and below them are
105-480: Is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks. Nevertheless, the two are often conflated. India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further divisions of these states are known as districts . These districts (zila/zilla) are again divided into many subdivisions , viz tehsils or taluks. These subdivisions are again divided into gram panchayats or village panchayats. Initially, this
140-701: Is also called "Cardamom City" because of the large quantity of cardamom trade in this area. It has an auction centre for cardamom. The Periyar and Surliar Hydro Power Stations and the Vaigai Micro Hydro Power Station have 181 MW installed capacity and actual power generation of 494 MW in 1996 in this district. Theni is one of the active business hubs in the western side of Tamil Nadu, inviting more industries to its locality. The district ha 41.09 km of Metre gauge track serving 3 Railway Stations which connect to Madurai now converted to broad gauge. The Teni Junction Railway Station
175-915: Is bounded by Dindigul District to the north, Madurai District to the east, Virudhunagar District to the southwest, and Idukki district of the Kerala State to the west. The district is home to Theni, Periyakulam , Bodinayakanur, Cumbum , Uthamapalayam, Kombai, Gudalur , Gandamanur, Chinnamanur , Kuchanur , Andipatti , Rasingapuram, Thevaram , Pottipuram, Ramakrishnapuram, B. Ammapatti, Lakshmipuram, Ambasamudram, Govindanagaram, Mayladumparai, Srirengapuram, Venkadachalapuram, K. Pudupatti, Devadhanapatti, Varusanadu, Odaipatti, Erasakkanayackanur and several other small villages like Gohilapuram, Pathirakalipuram, Sukkangalpatti, Kamarajapuram, Sadaiyalpatti, Meenatchipuram, Melasindalaichery, Hanumanthanpatty, Pallavarayan Patti, Genguvarpatti, Jeyamangalam, Thamaraikulam, Kallipatti, Devathanapatti and Kamatchipuram . It
210-501: Is diversified by several ranges and hills. Many villages likes Sangakonampatti are depends only on agricultural incomes. A range of hills which runs parallel to Western Ghats from north to south separate it from the neighboring state of Kerala . In the plains, the temperatures range from a minimum of 15 °C (59 °F ) to a maximum of 40 °C (104 °F). In the hills the temperatures can range from as low as 4–5 °C (39–41 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F). The district
245-538: Is economically good. Kolukkumalai located in Theni district atop the Western ghats is the home to the highest tea plantation in the world. Cumbum Valley is a major centre for grape production with 4,000 small farmers producing over 90,000 tonnes of Muscat grapes , locally known as panneer dhrakshai , and about 10,000 tonnes of Thomson seedless grapes . The unique feature here is that the grapes are harvested throughout
280-406: Is known for its salubrious climate, hills and lakes. The Vaigai River , Kottagudi River , Varaganathi River , Shanmuganathi River and Manjalar River flow through the district. The main reservoirs in the district are Lower Periyar Dam , Vaigai Dam , Shanmuganathi Dam and Sothuparai Dam . The economy of Theni district is mostly agricultural. Utilisation of land area for cultivation in
315-632: Is located at 10°07′24″N 77°14′02″E / 10.12333°N 77.23389°E / 10.12333; 77.23389 . Its elevation is 1,880 meters (6,170 ft). It is 6.6 kilometers (4.1 mi) southwest of the highest point on the old Kodaikanal-Cochin escape road at 2,260 meters (7,410 ft) on the eastern shoulder of Vandaravu Peak, 10°08′58″N 77°17′19″E / 10.14944°N 77.28861°E / 10.14944; 77.28861 . 10°07′24″N 77°14′42″E / 10.123396°N 77.24511°E / 10.123396; 77.24511 Theni district Theni District
350-488: Is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in India. Well protected by the scenic hill locks, the district is located besides Madurai district . The town of Theni is the district headquarters. The district is divided into two natural divisions: The hilly areas are constituted by parts of the five taluk's Theni , Bodinayakanur , Periyakulam , Uthamapalayam and Andipatti with thick vegetation and perennial streams from
385-553: Is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the tehsildar or, less officially, the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar . Tehsil or taluk can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with " blocks " (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks or cd blocks) and come under
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#1732779839705420-530: Is the most important railway station in the district. The forest area in Theni district is about 33.70%. There are 27 forest areas in the district, constituting a total area of 795.81 km (307.26 sq mi). Of these, 19 areas fall under the Reserve Forest category with 255.44 km (98.63 sq mi) and 8 areas under Reserve Land category with 540.37 km (208.64 sq mi). Total area of forest under green cover classification
455-610: The Mullayar River. This project helped more people to settle down in Cumbum Valley. Also to be noted that Theni was itself was a small though lesser-known town by the 1900s. After the Mullai-Periyar merger project, many people from nearby arid regions ( Sivakasi , Kovilpatti , Virudhunagar , Sattur and several nearby towns) settled in Cumbum Valley (present day Theni District). So there was influx of people by
490-442: The district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact. Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka. In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar functions as the executive magistrate of that tehsil. Each tehsil will have an office called tehsil office or tehsildar office at
525-502: The 1890s to 1920s. Bodi and Periyakulam were famous places at that time. Later Theni developed rapidly due to commerce. The 2,889 km (1,115 sq mi) district lies at the foot of the Western Ghats between 9' 39' and 10' 30' North latitude and between 77' 00' and 78' 30' of East Longitude. Central location: 10°04′N 77°45′E / 10.067°N 77.750°E / 10.067; 77.750 . The district
560-482: The Famous Cinema Directors, music directors and Actors hail from Theni District. Many movies were shot here. The titles of some of the famous Movies are: " Pithamagan ", " Avan-ivan ", " Sundarapandiyan ", "Veeralaksumi", " Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam ", " Naan kadavul ". These Movies were mostly directed by Director Bala . For people from Theni town itself, see Theni , these are people from
595-653: The Western Ghats stretching from Kodaikanal to Kumily via Periyakulam . Theni District has the Western Ghats as its Western Boundary. Theni District has many tourist spots like Kumbakarai Falls, Sothuparai Dam, Vaigai Dam, Manjalaaru Dam, Kurathi Falls, which are originating from the Western Gahats. Theni District is having the other tourist attractive places like Veerapandi Gowmariyamman temple, Surulipatti kailasanaathar temple, Anumanthampatti Hanuman kovil, Periyakulam Balasubramanian Periya kovil. Some of
630-421: The district is 40.33%. The principal crop production (in tonnes ) in 2005-2006 were sugarcane 1,201,221, cotton 95,360 (561 bales of 170. kg lint each), rice (paddy) 66,093, millets and other cereals 57,081, pulses 6,677, groundnut 4,021 and gingelly 325. Silk , Banana , Coconut , Tea , Coffee , Cardamom , Grapes and Mangoes are other main produce of the district. even though this place
665-481: The district. The information of wild life census in Theni district is yet to be made available. According to 2011 census , Theni district had a population of 1,245,899 with a sex-ratio of 991 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 53.81% of the population lived in urban areas. A total of 119,661 were under the age of six, constituting 61,873 males and 57,788 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20.72% and 0.15% of
700-443: The gram panchayats or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration. Nayabat is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil
735-620: The hills on the western side and Cumbum valley which lies in Uthamapalayam taluk. As of 2011, Theni district had a population of 1,245,899 with a sex ratio of 980 females for every 1,000 males. Theni District was formed by the bifurcation from the former Madurai District as per G.O. Ms. No. 679 Revenue Department dated 7 July 1996. Consequent to the bifurcation, one new Revenue Division with headquarters at Uthamapalayam and two new Taluks at Theni and Bodinayakanur were also created with effect from 1 January 1997. Theni Municipal town
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#1732779839705770-515: The land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area. Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct. For example, Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state
805-404: The main forest plantation species in the district. The forest area in the district is 1,179.29 km (455.33 sq mi), which is 40.98% of the total geographical area of the district. The Meghamalai Wildlife sanctuary , Srivilliputhur elephant reserve , and part of Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary are situated in Theni district. There has been no conservation of biological resources in
840-608: The planned Palani Hills National Park . Top Station was a transshipment point for delivery of tea from Munnar to Bodinayakkanur . Top Station derived its name from its being the upper terminus of the Kottagudi Aerial Ropeway. It was also the location of the terminal railway station on the Kundala Valley Railway , built in 1902 between Munnar, Kundalai and this low point in the crest of the hills above steep cliffs. A monorail goods carriage system
875-552: The population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 69.84%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 338,112 households. There were a total of 591,642 workers, comprising 36,371 cultivators, 275,585 main agricultural labourers, 12,714 in house hold industries, 205,921 other workers, 61,051 marginal workers, 1,996 marginal cultivators, 39,576 marginal agricultural labourers, 2,225 marginal workers in household industries and 17,254 other marginal workers. Languages of Theni district (2011) At
910-477: The south to Kurangani , Tamil Nadu. The tea was then shipped 15 km by cart to Bodinayakkanur , then by rail to other places in India and by ship to England . Remains of the ropeway station at Top Station are still visible. The elevation at the top of the Bodi ropeway was 1,911 meters (6,270 ft). Top Station offers a panoramic view of the majestic Western Ghats and the valley of Theni district. Top Station
945-424: The surrounding area Tehsil In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , a newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayat system . In West Bengal , Bihar, Jharkhand, community development blocks are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. Tehsil office
980-552: The term tehsil is commonly used in all northern states . In Maharashtra , Gujarat , Goa , Karnataka , Kerala and Tamil Nadu , taluka or taluk is more common. In Eastern India , instead of tehsils, the term Subdivision is used in Bihar , Assam , Jharkhand and West Bengal , as well as large parts of Northeast India ( Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Sikkim and Tripura ). In Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland , they are called circle . Tehsil/tahsil and taluk/taluka and
1015-438: The time of the 2011 census, 79.04% of the population spoke Tamil , 12.75% Telugu and 7.86% Kannada as their first language. Periyakulam , Theni , Uthamapalayam , Cumbum , and Bodinayakanur are charming towns in the district. Cascades, silver-lined clouds resting atop green hill tops, sheer rock faces and temples of antiquity distinguish these places. Theni is the orchid of Tamil Nadu. It has numerous green lands like
1050-488: The variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India):
1085-499: The year, while in most grape growing centres elsewhere the season ends with summer. Cotton Spinning Mills and Sugar Mills are the major industries in this district. In Andipatti Taluk Handloom weaving and power looms are flourishing. In Uthamapalayam Taluk, the Highwavis Estate produces an important amount of Tea. Bodinayakanur is a major market place (Auction Centres) for cardamom, coffee, tea and black pepper . This city
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1120-405: Was 806.86 km (311.53 sq mi). Dense forest and sparse forest are 292.81 km (113.05 sq mi) and 22.43 km (8.66 sq mi), respectively. There is no unclassed forest type in the district. About 44.65 km (17.24 sq mi) of artificial forest area are cultivated in the district. Wattle , softwood , fuel wood , cashew , neem , and tamarind are
1155-402: Was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluk level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily. In India,
1190-551: Was initially installed along this cart route. In 1908 the monorail was replaced by a 24 inch gauge railway . Kundalai is 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) west from Top Station on the way from Munnar station. Some remains of Kundala Valley Railway can be seen at the Munnar Tea Museum. Tea chests arriving at Top Station from the Kundalai Valley were transported by a ropeway from Top Station 5 km downhill to
1225-474: Was only a firka headquarters until 31 December 1996. Consequent to the formation of the new District, Theni Municipal Town was upgraded as the Taluk and District headquarters on 1 January 1997. The region covered by present-day Theni District was sparsely populated before the 1900s. In 1886 Mullaperiyar dam project bought some part of the water from Periyar River downhill to the Cumbum Valley and merged it into
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