Thushin Takayutpi ( သုရှင်တကာရွတ်ပိ , pronounced [θṵʃɪ̀ɰ̃ dəɡàjʊʔpḭ] , or Taka Yut Pi or Taka Rat Pi ; 1511–1539) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1526 to 1539. At his accession, the 15-year-old inherited the most prosperous and powerful kingdom of all post- Pagan kingdoms. But he never had control of his vassals who scarcely acknowledged him. A dozen years later, due to the young king's inexperience and mismanagement, the Mon -speaking kingdom founded in 1287 fell to a smaller Toungoo .
21-424: Taka Yut Pi was a son of King Binnya Ran II of Hanthawaddy. He was only 15 when he succeeded the throne. He ascended the throne three days after his father's death. The throne was first succeeded by the heir-apparent Prince Yazadipati at mid-morning but he died mysteriously in the same afternoon. Unlike his father, considered one of ablest kings of the coastal kingdom, the young king never took an interest in running
42-502: A stratagem to create a split in the Hanthawaddy camp. Takayutpi foolishly believed Toungoo's misinformation about the loyalty of the two ministers, who had been his tutors since childhood and were absolutely devoted to him, and executed them. When Toungoo again invaded in late 1538, Takayutpi, now without his best generals, lost heart and fled Pegu for Prome Kingdom (Pyay) where another brother-in-law of his, Narapati of Prome ,
63-730: A decimated force, Takayutpi urged his allies– the king of Prome and the Confederation of Shan States – to restore him to his throne but they refused. Within the year, the king entered the Irrawaddy delta with a small armed band to collect war elephants. At Ingabin near Maubin he suddenly fell ill and died. Takayutpi was the last Hanthawaddy king who had legitimate or nominal claim over the Lower Burma kingdom founded in 1287. After his death, Saw Binnya, who had been de facto independent since 1534, proclaimed himself king at Martaban. He
84-580: A multitude of rebellions–the most serious one by his younger brother, Gov. Minye Kyawswa of Yamethin . Unlike the usual unrest in remote regions, the Yamethin rebellion was so close to Ava itself, and was a grave threat to the new king. Taking advantage of the power struggle between his two nephews, the governor of Tharrawaddy , Thado Minsaw , seized Prome and declared himself king. Thado Minsaw raised his brother Mingyi Swa's chief queen as his chief queen. Minkhaung managed to send an army to reclaim Prome. But
105-506: A nominal vassal to Confederation controlled Ava. Although his authority did not extend beyond the immediate region around Prome, he became ensnarled in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–41). Narapati was an ally of King Takayutpi of Hanthawaddy, and was married to Takayutpi's sister. Narapati provided shelter to the fleeing Hanthawaddy troops in 1539. When Toungoo troops attacked a heavily fortified Prome, Narapati asked for help from
126-430: A peaceful relationship with Hanthawaddy, the most powerful kingdom in the region. Thado Minsaw changed his policy in the 1520s when Ava was on its last legs suffering from the sustained assaults by Confederation of Shan States . He entered into a league with Sawlon , the confederation's leader. In March 1525, the combined armies of Confederation and Prome sacked the city of Ava . The king of Ava, Shwenankyawshin , who
147-574: A stalemate, left Ava exhausted, and its vassals restless. From the 1420s to the 1480s, each new king of Ava had to put down rebellions. In 1469, Prome's long-time governor, Mingyi Swa (r. 1446–1482) rebelled against his brother, when the latter ascended to the Ava throne as Thihathura . But the new king laid siege on Prome, and Mingyi Swa submitted to his brother. Mingyi Swa was forgiven, and reappointed to his former position. Thihathura died in 1480, and Mingyi Swa died in 1482. The new king Minkhaung II faced
168-648: The Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–1541) . Despite military assistance from the Confederation and the Mrauk U Kingdom , the small kingdom fell to the Toungoo (Taungoo) forces in 1542. For much of the first half of the second millennium, Prome was a vassal state of Upper Burma -based kingdoms– Pagan , Pinya and Ava . During the Ava period (14th–15th centuries), Prome was the southernmost region abutting
189-491: The Ava throne. Sawlon was unsatisfied with the level of support he received from Prome, and held a grudge. In 1532, the Confederation forces came down and attacked Prome. Bayin Htwe was taken prisoner back to Upper Burma. The captive king escaped after Sawlon was assassinated by his own ministers. But Bayin Htwe's son Narapati shut the gates against his father. Bayin Htwe died soon after in the adjoining forests. Narapati remained
210-571: The Avan army could not take Prome, and retreated. Ava could not send another force again as the much more serious Yamethin rebellion (and rebellions by the Shan States of Mohnyin and Kale ) consumed its resources for the next two decades. Prome became an independent kingdom with territories up to Tharrawaddy and Myede. Thado Minsaw largely stayed out of the fighting in Upper Burma. He forged
231-708: The Confederation and Mrauk U sent in help to break the siege. But Toungoo forces under the command of Gen. Bayinnaung defeated both armies. Mrauk U also sent in a naval flotilla that landed in Bassein (Pathein). Upon hearing of the Mrauk U army's defeat, the flotilla turned back. After a five months' siege, starvation set in. The besieged deserted the city in great numbers. On 19 May 1542 (5th waxing of Nayon 904 ME ), Minkhaung surrendered. Minkhaung and his queen Thiri Hponhtut were taken to Toungoo (Taungoo). King Tabinshwehti of Toungoo appointed Thado Dhamma Yaza I , restoring
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#1732775978538252-494: The Confederation in Ava. The Confederation troops broke the siege, and refused to follow up on the retreating Toungoo armies. Narapati formed an alliance with Mrauk U Kingdom of Arakan by sending his sister and his queen (Takayutpi's sister) to King Min Bin of Mrauk U. (Takayutpi had died soon after the battle.) Narapati too died soon after and was succeeded by Minkhaung . In late 1541, Toungoo again laid siege to Prome. Prome's allies
273-568: The Shwezigon". He returned peacefully after having worshiped there. The king had at least four senior queens in 1495. The king had at least three sons: Heir-apparent Yazadipati , Taka Yut Pi (Taka Rat Pi), and Smim Htaw . Prome Kingdom The Prome Kingdom ( Burmese : ဒုတိယ သရေခေတ္တရာ နေပြည်တော် , lit. "Second Sri Ksetra Kingdom") also known as Pyay Kingdom was a kingdom that existed for six decades between 1482 and 1542 in present-day central Burma (Myanmar). Based out of
294-435: The city of Prome (Pyay), the minor kingdom was one of the several statelets that broke away from the dominant Ava Kingdom in the late 15th century. Throughout the 1520s, Prome was an ally of the Confederation of Shan States , and together they raided Avan territory. After Ava fell to the Confederation armies in 1527, Prome itself became a tributary of the Confederation in 1532. In the late 1530s, Prome became ensnarled in
315-883: The kingdom. He "never looked at a book; he gave himself up for sport in the woods with elephants and horses; he searched for shellfish and crabs; he was like one witless". He was not respected by his vassals. His brother-in-law Saw Binnya ruled the province of Martaban (Mottama) like a sovereign. Takayutpi's weak leadership gave an opening to Toungoo's ambitious king Tabinshwehti and his deputy Gen. Bayinnaung . Beginning in 1534, Toungoo began annual dry-season raids into Hanthawaddy territory. Saw Binnya did not send any help to Takayutpi. Toungoo could not make headway against Pegu's fortified defenses led by two experienced ministers ( Binnya Law and Binnya Kyan ) and aided by foreign mercenaries with guns. By 1537, Peguan defenses had successfully repulsed Toungoo's three consecutive annual invasions. Unable to break Peguan defenses, Toungoo finally used
336-489: The rival Hanthawaddy Kingdom . The region was a frequent battlefield during the Forty Years' War (1385–1424) between Ava and Hanthawaddy. Avan kings considered the region the most strategic, and appointed only the most senior princes as viceroys of Prome (Pyay). For example, Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa , King Thihathu of Ava and King Narapati of Ava were once governor of Prome. The Forty Years' War, which ended in
357-469: The show of force, Hanthawaddy was free of any incursions. In 1501, he assembled an army of thousands to travel up the Irrawaddy river to pay pilgrimage to the Shwezigon Pagoda at Pagan inside Ava's territory. When the king of Prome , a small kingdom wedged between Ava and Hanthawaddy, checked him, he replied: "I could conquer both you and Ava but I do not wish. I only wish to worship before
378-492: Was Thado Minsaw's grandnephew, escaped. Prome and Confederation forces looted the city. The Prome armies brought back the famed poet monk Shin Maha Rattathara . Prome remained in a league with the Confederation, which continued its attacks on Ava. Thado Minsaw died in 1526, and was succeeded by his son Bayin Htwe . On 25 March 1527, the Confederation forces captured Ava, and placed Sawlon's eldest son Thohanbwa on
399-544: Was defeated and killed in 1541. After the death of Tabinshwehti in 1550, Smim Sawhtut and Smim Htaw proclaimed themselves as king. They never controlled any territory of significance, and were driven out by 1552. Binnya Ran II Binnya Ran II ( Burmese : ဒုတိယ ဗညားရံ , pronounced [dṵtḭja̰ bəɲá jàɰ̃] ; Mon : ဗညားရာံ; 1469–1526) the 17th king of the Kingdom of Hanthawaddy in Burma from 1492 to 1526. He
420-458: Was king. (He did not retreat to Martaban, which was nominally still part of Hanthawaddy because he did not trust its governor Saw Binnya.) Toungoo took the capital city of Pegu without firing a shot. On their flight to Prome, his demoralized forces, though far superior in numbers, were defeated by Bayinnaung's smaller but better disciplined forces at the Battle of Naungyo . Having reached Prome with
441-432: Was revered for his gentleness although his first act as king was to enforce the massacre of the kinsmen, putting all the royal offspring to death. During the confusion of Binnya Ran's ascension, Mingyi Nyo of Toungoo who at the time was a vassal of Ava , without King Minkhaung II 's permission, sent a probing raid into Hanthawaddy territory. Binnya Ran II sent in a retaliatory raid of the city of Toungoo itself. After
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