A tenor drum is a membranophone without a snare. There are several types of tenor drums.
36-450: The tambourin is a low-pitched tenor drum of the French region of Provence , which has also lent its name to a Provençal dance accompanied by lively duple meter music. The dance is so named because the music imitates the drum ( tambour being a generic French term for "drum"), usually as a repetitive not-very-melodic figure in the bass. A deep, two-headed drum of Arabic origin, called
72-557: A "cow town" with "semi-civilized" fans during the 2002 Western Conference Finals . The cowbell has become a tradition for the Melbourne Storm fans in the NRL and is rung by a group of 3 people in the active supporter bay behind the goals at AAMI Park , as well as a few other people around the ground. The supporters of Huddersfield Giants also have a small, enthusiastic group of fans known as "the cowbell army" who try and create
108-539: A line of tenor percussionists can run split parts amongst them, in France, Spain, Italy and Germany the form is that of a cylindric drum similar to those used in the field snare drums and the aforementioned early music drum but without the snares. It can also be referred to as a Flub drum. In the US, single-head tenor drums are popular amongst the ranks of HBCU (historically Black colleges and universities) drumlines, especially in
144-1149: A novelty act or tourist attraction in the northern Alps , and sometimes in classical music , as in Richard Strauss 's Alpine Symphony . Since they are tuned differently, in order to distinguish individual animals, they can be collected "from the pasture" in random tunings, but commercial sets in equal temperament are also available. The metal clapper is retained, and they sound much noisier than handbells , which are otherwise used similarly in ensembles. Composers who included Almglocken among their musical palette include Tōru Takemitsu , Jo Kondo , Gustav Mahler , Richard Strauss , Roy Harter , John Adams , Thomas Ades , Joseph Schwantner , and Karlheinz Stockhausen . Olivier Messiaen used multiple chromatic sets of clapperless cowbells in several of his compositions, notably Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum and Couleurs de la cité celeste . Clapperless cowbells made of metal are an important element in Latin-American and go-go music. These cowbells are struck with
180-495: A stick – the tone being modulated by striking different parts of the bell and by damping with the hand holding the bell. In several parts of the world (notably in West Africa) pairs or trios of clapperless bells are joined in such a way that they can be struck separately or clashed together. The Brazilian name for these is "agogo" bells. Cylindrical wood blocks played in the same way are also called " Agogô ". In Cuban music
216-645: A symphony orchestra's percussion section, a tenor drum is a low-pitched drum, similar in size to a field snare, but without snares and played with soft mallets or hard sticks. It is larger in diameter than depth, and tonally is midway between the bass drum and unsnared side drum . Berlioz scored for 2 tenor drums in the "Grande messe des morts". His "Te Deum" requires 6 tenor drums. Wagner wrote for this drum in "Rienzi", "Lohengrin", "Die Walküre", “Götterdämmerung”, and "Parsifal". Strauss used it in "Ein Heldenleben", and Elgar in his 3rd "Pomp and Circumstance" march. It
252-591: Is beaten in similar manner just like in the Commonwealth alto tenor drums of pipe bands. Only the French Republican Guard Band has a sole single head tenor drum used as part of the drumline, played using hard sticks. Cowbell (instrument) The cowbell is an idiophone hand percussion instrument used in various styles of music, such as Latin and rock . It is named after the similar bell used by herdsmen to keep track of
288-421: Is easier to balance than if the drums were in ascending size order. This arrangement is ideal for right-handed players and is almost always the arrangement in lines that consist of more than one tenor player for uniformity. If there is a fifth drum (often called the shot or spock drum) it is placed between the player and the highest two drums. If there are six drums, the fifth and sixth drum are centered closest to
324-828: Is noticeable in scores by 20th-century composers such as Stravinsky , Honegger , Milhaud , Benjamin Britten , William Walton , Aaron Copland and Samuel Barber . Witold Lutoslawski calls for a tenor drum in his Concerto for Orchestra and Arnold Schoenberg writes for it in his Gurrelieder . Tenor drums are used as a marching percussion instrument, commonly as mounted sets of 4-6 drums allowing one person to carry and play multiple drums simultaneously. Other names for these drums include names specific to configurations by number of drums: "duos" (2 drums), "tris", "trios", "trips", or "triples" (3 drums), "quads" (4 drums), "quints" (5 drums), and "squints," "hexes," "six-packs," "tenors" or "sextets" (6 drums). The number-specific term "quads"
360-719: Is often used as a generic term for configurations with more than four drums due to it being the original and most common configuration. Typically there are four main drums, usually either 8, 10, 12, and 13 inches in diameter (which is referred to as a high school configuration or small block tenors) or 10, 12, 13, and 14 inches in diameter (referred to as a Corps configuration or big block tenors), plus one or two accent drums (typically 6 or 8 inches in diameter). The accent drums are also known as shot , gock , spock , or spike drums; they are usually tightened as high as they can go to achieve maximum effect. Other percussion instruments, such as cowbells or cymbals mounted to
396-606: Is often used in pipe bands around the world, along with individual solo competitions. It is mainly used in the "flourishing tenor" style, as a part of the bass section (or midsection). In most countries under the Commonwealth of Nations, as well as in the United States, the Philippines, Taiwan, the Netherlands, Indonesia, Italy, Colombia, Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Germany, Spain and France,
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#1732772371094432-493: Is played with a particular rhythm and accompanying chant. Worldwide, in cross-country skiing , cowbells are often rung vigorously at the start and finishes of races, to cheer on the racers. They are used by cyclocross fans in much the same way. Cornell ice hockey fans who are also known for their zealous support of their team have cheers that feature use of a cowbell while in Lynah Rink . The San Jose SaberCats of
468-741: The Arena Football League are also infamous for their fans' use of cowbells. In New Zealand , supporters of the Waikato Rugby Union invariably use cowbells at home matches; this has been carried over to home matches of the Chiefs , the Super Rugby franchise centered on the Waikato region. During University of New Hampshire ice hockey games, a small group of fans at the base of the student section show their support for
504-493: The Southeastern Conference . SEC guidelines were changed in 2010 to permit limited cowbell use at Mississippi State football games, and again in 2014 to permit cowbells to be freely rung at any time except between the time that the offensive center is over the football until the play is whistled dead. Elsewhere in college football, the cowbell can be found at Penn State and Michigan football games, where it
540-538: The tambourin [de Provence] , is mentioned as early as the 1080s and noted as the "tabor" in the Chanson de Roland . This type of instrument, commonly found in the Provence region of France, is played by a musician who wears the drum on a strap hanging from the player's left arm and elbow. The player strikes the drum head with a beater held in the right hand, and plays a little pipe with their left hand. The combination of
576-665: The 18th century and can be found in Handel 's Alcina and Gluck 's Iphigénie en Aulide , among others. This article about a music genre is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tenor drum Early music tenor drums, or long drums, are cylindrical membranophone without snare used in Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music. They consist in of a cylinder of wood, covered with skin heads on both ends, that are tensioned by ropes. Played with two sticks, this type of drum varies in pitch, according to its size. In
612-496: The UNH Wildcats with a cowbell. This group also leads the chants and shows their support with posters and other props. Finally the 2006–2007 American Basketball Association (ABA) champion Vermont Frost Heaves have a large cowbell following at their home games. A small number of Toronto Blue Jays fans at Rogers Centre frequently bring cowbells to Blue Jays home games. They are common enough at Tampa Bay Rays home games that
648-399: The alto tenor form or rhythm tenor to accent the bass and snare drums. The show-style (or Historical Black College University) style incorporates specialized solos for tenor drums, including fanfares (also known as drum callouts), which are played predominantly though football games. In Spain and Italy, the tenor drums in military bands there are beaten using only a single soft mallet, which
684-618: The bell would ring, thus making it easier to know of the animal's whereabouts. Though the bells were used on various types of animals, they are typically referred to as "cowbells" due to their extensive use with cattle . Tuned cowbells or Almglocken (their German name, ‘Alm’ meaning a mountain meadow, and ‘Glocken’ bells), sometimes known by the English translation alpine bells (also Alpenglocken in German), typically refer to bulbous brass bells that are used to play music, sometimes as
720-674: The case of a 6-drum set). Tenor drums are played with mallets or drumsticks. A wide variety of implements are available, encompassing a full spectrum of shaft materials (hickory and aluminum are the most popular), head materials (wood, plastic/nylon, rubber, felt, and fleece "puffs" are all common), and head shape/size (ranging from large "cartwheel" discs, sometimes referred to as "cookie cutters", to traditional drum stick beads). Tenor players use matched grip . This facilitates tenor techniques such as "sweeps" or "scrapes" (playing double-bounce, or roll strokes in succession, while moving across different drums) and "crossovers" (crossing one hand over
756-478: The choice of sticks; hard hits can warp aluminum sticks. The player's sticks can move across the main four drums in a pattern that forms a straight line from drum-to-drum, or the closest part of the drum to the player's body. This reduces the amount of space the player must travel to execute some of the more complex movement patterns. It also allows for less upper arm motion from side-to-side, which streamlines movement to play patterns, and also makes it easier to balance
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#1732772371094792-468: The cowbell is called cencerro and often played by the same player as the bongos . In Caribbean music two or three are often mounted together with a pair of timbales . This type of cowbell can also be played with the foot using a modified bass drum pedal or bowed with a double bass bow . Cowbells are sometimes popular noisemakers at sporting events, despite attempts to suppress them. While different sports teams seem to have their own story explaining
828-573: The knee single head tenor drums. Either way, these drums are mounted in the same manner as in the marching snare drum, in either slings or the shoulder harness, and can be beaten by either sticks or soft/hard mallets; if in the latter, a mixed form of the pipe band flourish and alto beat is used, while some single tenor drummers are of the rhythm type like those in the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band , while others, like in Germany's many civil fanfare bands, play
864-431: The other to reach a drum). These techniques allow an incredible variety of rhythmic and melodic figures possible on the tenors, as well as adding a distinct visual element to tenor playing. The drums are played near the edge of the head, like timpani , these areas are often called "zones". This allows for the optimum resonance and fundamental tone of the drum to project. Rim shots are not needed to be hit hard depending on
900-439: The player's body. Most of the time, tenor drums are tuned relatively tightly, giving them a high-pitched sound that carries well outdoors. Within the set of drums, the main drums are tuned to relative intervals (more common intervals being the minor 3rd, perfect 4th, and perfect 5th), while the accent drums are generally tuned as high as possible without breaking the head (often humorously referred to as "higher" and "highest", in
936-415: The rim, are sometimes also added. The purpose of the tenors in the marching band is to add more color to the music. In big lines, there can be as many as 6 tenor players. Many high school marching bands will have one to three tenors, while it is typical for World Class drum corps to contain as many as four or five. They tend to supplement the snare part, and often the tenor parts are rudimentally identical to
972-637: The skit on their video scoreboard and "More Cowbell" as a catchphrase during the 2007 playoffs. Their goalie Edward Pasquale has several Will Ferrell characters painted on his goalie mask, including the one from the Saturday Night Live skit with the cowbell and others. Fans of the National Basketball Association 's Sacramento Kings began bringing cowbells to the team's games at ARCO Arena after Los Angeles Lakers head coach Phil Jackson referred to Sacramento as
1008-411: The snare parts. Movement around the drums allows tenors to function as melodic percussion, as each drum has a different pitch. A four drum configuration is typically arranged so that the lowest drum is to the player's far left, the second lowest is on the player's far right, the second highest is on the middle left, and the highest is on the middle right. This makes it easier to play common patterns, and
1044-563: The southern states, where they are used on either the basis of being knee tenors (how snare drums are played) or upright tenors (how bass drums are played). For example, the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) Marching Musical Machine of the Mid-South's 2 Kold Krank tenor section uses the upright style single-head tenor drums while their rivals, The Alabama State University (ASU) Mighty Marching Hornets' TTB tenor section incorporates
1080-558: The stadium scoreboard graphics crew have a pre-built graphic that says "More Cowbell!!". The Everett Silvertips fans also use cowbells, after the team watched the Saturday Night Live skit while on their tour bus in their inaugural season, and said they wanted the fans to have cowbells. They have a "more cowbell" that sometimes shows on the jumbotron . The Belleville Bulls in the Ontario Hockey League used
1116-401: The tambourin, played together with a small flute, known as the galoubet or flaviol, forms a Provençal pipe and tabor . Jean-Philippe Rameau included tambourins in many of his operas, such as Platée , Les Indes galantes , and Les fêtes d'Hébé . The last gained more fame in a keyboard arrangement from the E minor suite of his Pièces de Clavecin . The tambourin was popular throughout
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1152-505: The time. Cowbells were easily found or taken from around the necks of cows in the pasture and were utilized as noisemakers. The tradition naturally grew to be common practice at various sporting events, not just baseball. In the United States , they are most closely identified with Mississippi State University , whose football fans once smuggled in cowbells by the thousands despite a ban on artificial noisemakers by its conference ,
1188-402: The tradition of the single tenor drum is maintained by a few military bands , several police bands and many civil marching bands , corps of drums , classic style drum and bugle corps and fanfare bands . The form of the single tenor drum used in these countries is that of a marching drum similar to a snare drum but is without snares, these drums can also be tuned to have a high pitch so that
1224-413: The use of cowbells at their games, it is unlikely that so many teams across varying levels of sports and geographical regions would not have a common cultural reason for the practice. Although the origin of cowbell noisemakers is unclear, the most plausible explanation has to do with early baseball. Baseball games in the 19th century were often played in cow pastures, as American society was agrarian-based at
1260-423: The weight of the drums while marching, or even running, with the drums on. Originally a rope-tensioned drum, giving way to modern rod tension, the single tenor drum occupied a unique position in the drum corps of military and civilian pipe bands, being used as both timekeepers, accents to the musical ensemble, as well as spectacle. Three types of tenor drum are played in modern pipe bands : This type of drum
1296-420: The whereabouts of cows . The instrument initially and traditionally has been metallic; however, contemporarily, some variants are made of synthetic materials. While the cowbell is commonly found in musical contexts, its origin can be traced to freely roaming animals. In order to help identify the herd to which these animals belonged, herdsmen placed these bells around the animal's neck. As the animals moved about
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