A mill town , also known as factory town or mill village , is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories, often cotton mills or factories producing textiles.
55-466: Tameside is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester , England, named after the River Tame , which flows through it, and includes the towns of Ashton-under-Lyne , Audenshaw , Denton , Droylsden , Dukinfield , Hyde , Mossley and Stalybridge . Tameside is bordered by the metropolitan boroughs of Stockport to the south, Oldham to the north and northeast, Manchester to the west, and to
110-681: A bog body in Ashton Moss, occupation sites at Werneth Low, Harridge Pike, Roe Cross, and Mottram. A 4th-century coin hoard was found in Denton and is one of only four hoards from the 4th century in the Mersey basin . A Byzantine coin from the 6th or 7th centuries, also found in Denton, indicates continued or renewed occupation once the Romans left Britain in the early 5th century. Nico Ditch, an earthwork stretching from Stretford to Ashton-under-Lyne,
165-485: A company town , grew in the shadow of the industries. The region became a manufacturing powerhouse along rivers like the Housatonic , Quinebaug , Shetucket , Blackstone , Merrimack , Nashua , Cocheco , Saco , Androscoggin , Kennebec or Winooski . In the 20th century, alternatives to water power were developed, and it became more profitable for companies to manufacture textiles in southern states where cotton
220-550: A concocted name with no historical basis) won 15 votes to Hartshead's 10 in a final stage of voting. The new district was awarded borough status from its creation, allowing the chairman of the council to take the title of mayor. In 1986 Tameside effectively became a unitary authority with the abolition of the Greater Manchester County Council . Tameside borders High Peak in Derbyshire to
275-596: A "high-tech business incubator" with help from the European Regional Development Fund and the Heritage Lottery Fund. Work at the mid-Victorian building, which closed as a swimming baths in 1975, has involved cleaning, repairs and the replacement of external stonework. The new office space is housed inside a free-standing timber-clad pod within the former main pool. At the same time, Ashton's market has been refurbished with
330-571: A 17th-century farm building, is listed on the council's website as grade I but is listed by English Heritage as grade II.) In Tameside are three of Greater Manchester's Sites of Special Scientific Interest , Boar Flat, part of Dark Peak , the Hollinwood Branch Canal and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal . The Huddersfield Narrow Canal runs for 20 miles (32 km) from Huddersfield to Ashton-under-Lyne ; it
385-730: A nursery. Metropolitan borough A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district ) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 , metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties . All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status ). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since
440-431: A partnership between Tameside council and Tameside College – is a redevelopment strategy. Three "advanced learning centres" are being built in central Ashton town and at the college's Beaufort Road home. Phase one comprises two sites. The new Clarendon Sixth Form College, which began taking students in the autumn of 2015, was officially opened by Coronation Street actress Brooke Vincent on 9 March 2016. The college theatre
495-474: A textile factory founded in 1833 by the sons of Feliks Lubienski , who owned the land where it was built. They brought in a specialist from France and his newly designed machines. He was French inventor, Philippe de Girard from Lourmarin . He became a director of the firm. The factory town developed during the 19th century into a significant textile mill town in Poland . In honour of Girard, 'Ruda Guzowska' as
550-490: A wide range of vocational subjects including hair and beauty, hospitality and catering, bakery and confectionery, travel and tourism and business skills. Ashton's Victorian town hall and the old water board offices, which are both listed buildings, are being retained. Work should be completed in early 2018. Phase three will ensure the Beaufort Road campus offers learners modern, inspirational learning spaces. Alongside
605-476: Is a 15th-century parish church which was virtually rebuilt in the 19th century. A church on the site dates back to at least 1262. St Lawrence's Church , in Denton, is a Grade II* listed building and a timber-framed church. It was remodelled by J Medland Taylor in 1872. Tameside is currently undergoing redevelopment through the Vision Tameside project which should be completed by 2018. Vision Tameside –
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#1732773306971660-647: Is an earthwork running from Ashton-under-Lyne in the east to Stretford in the west, in the borough of Trafford . It survives to a depth of 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in some places and is up to 4 metres (13 ft) wide. Tameside has nine conservation areas: Ashton and Stalybridge town centres; Carrbrook, Copley St. Paul's, and Millbrook in Stalybridge; Fairfield in Droylsden; Mottram-in-Longdendale; Portland Basin ; and St. Anne's in Haughton. The Museum of
715-569: Is entirely within Tameside, is represented by Jonathan Reynolds (Labour). In 2007, Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council was assessed by the Audit Commission and judged to be "improving strongly" in providing services for local people. Overall the council was awarded "four star" status meaning it was "performing strongly" and "well above minimum requirements", putting it in the top 38% of all local authorities. Civil parishes form
770-498: Is evidence of Anglo-Saxon activity in Tameside. It was probably dug between the 7th and 9th centuries and may have been used as a boundary between the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria . Further evidence of Anglo-Saxon era activity in Tameside comes from the derivation of settlement names from Old English such as - tun , meaning farmstead, and leah meaning clearing. According to the Domesday Survey of 1086, Tameside
825-595: Is expected to create 500 new jobs as well as attract other businesses to the area. The store opened on 19 October 2006 and covers 27,500 square metres (296,000 sq ft) At the time of its creation, the store was the tallest in Britain. Life science industries have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in Oldham and Tameside. Average house prices in Tameside are
880-499: Is protected for its biological interest, and is "the best example of a flowing eutrophic water system in Greater Manchester". There are three Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the borough, a Bronze Age cairn in Stalybridge, Buckton Castle , and Nico Ditch . Buckton Castle is a 12th-century enclosure castle near Carrbrook and was probably built by one of the earls of Chester. The castle lay ruinous by 1360, and has been described as "one of England's most important castles". Nico Ditch
935-758: Is shown in brackets. An urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area. Ashton-under-Lyne, Audenshaw, Denton, Droylsden, and Mossley were previously in Lancashire. Dukinfield, Hyde, Longdendale, and Stalybridge were in Cheshire. At the 2011 UK census , the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside had a total population of 219,324. Of the 94,953 households in Tameside, 30.8% were married couples living together, 32.7% were one-person households, 11.5% were co-habiting couples and 12.8% were lone parents. The population density
990-458: Is the most complete prehistoric funerary monument in the borough. The people in the area changed from hunter-gatherers to farmers around 2500 BC–1500 BC due to climate change. Werneth Low is the most likely Iron Age farmstead site in the borough, probably dating to the late 1st millennium BC. Before the Roman conquest of Britain in the 1st century AD, the area was probably part of
1045-413: The 1974 reforms, whilst the other five districts had been in the administrative county of Lancashire . A name for the metropolitan borough proved problematic. The Redcliffe-Maud Report had used the name Ashton-Hyde, but double-barrelled names were prohibited for the new districts. Had Ashton-under-Lyne been a county borough , or had had a less common name, "it might have been chosen as the new name" for
1100-401: The 5th lowest of the ten boroughs in Greater Manchester and are prices just 60% of the average price for the England. At the 2011 UK census, Tameside had 161,459 residents aged 16 to 74. 4.3% of these people were students, 4.0% looking after home or family, 6.2% long-term sick or disabled and 2.2% economically inactive for other reasons. In 2011, of 101,892 residents of Tameside in employment,
1155-794: The Manchester Regiment is housed in Ashton-under-Lyne's town hall. The museum displays relics related to the Manchester Regiment including five Victoria Crosses awarded to members of the regiment. Park Bridge Heritage Centre in the Medlock Valley is a museum dedicated to the history of the settlement of Park Bridge and its industry. Broad Mills Heritage Site, in Broadbottom, preserves the remains of an early 19th-century textile works. Art galleries in
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#17327733069711210-601: The River Tame crosses the borough north to south, giving Tameside its name. The Ashton Canal , the Hollinwood Branch Canal , the Huddersfield Narrow Canal , and the Peak Forest Canal all run through the borough. There are also several reservoirs , including the Audenshaw Reservoirs . Greenspace accounts for 63.5% of the Tameside's total area, domestic buildings and gardens comprise 17.4%, and
1265-569: The Tameside are represented in the United Kingdom Parliament by Members of Parliament (MPs) for three constituencies. Ashton-under-Lyne , which also includes parts of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , is represented by Angela Rayner ( Labour ). Denton and Reddish , which also covers parts of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport , is represented by Andrew Gwynne (Labour). Stalybridge and Hyde , which
1320-418: The abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985 . Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as Local enterprise partnerships and Combined authorities and combined county authorities , with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor . The term "metropolitan borough"
1375-413: The borough include Astley Cheetham Art Gallery in Stalybridge and Central Art Gallery in Ashton-under-Lyne. Tameside has eight designated Local Nature Reserves which are Knott Hill, Hollinwood Branch Canal, Great Wood, Haughton Dale, Hulmes and Hardy Woods, Castle Clough and Cowbury Dale, Hurst Clough and Rocher Vale. Four more are to be designated. Since 2007 Tameside's schools have been transformed as
1430-654: The bottom tier of local government; the parish councils are involved in planning, management of town and parish centres, and promoting tourism. Mossley is the only civil parish in Tameside. In 2001 9,856 people lived there, 4.6% of the borough's population. Before becoming a civil parish, Mossley was a municipal borough . The unparished areas are: Ashton-under-Lyne (municipal borough), Audenshaw ( urban district ), Denton (urban district), Droylsden (urban district), Dukinfield (municipal borough), Hyde (municipal borough), Longdendale (urban district), and Stalybridge (municipal borough). The status of each area before 1974
1485-416: The centre of the borough, there are areas of peat in the north east and there are large areas of boulder clay all over Tameside. Ashton Moss is a peat bog covering about 107 hectares (260 acres) and Denton Moor is an area of about 81 hectares (200 acres) of peat. Waterways in Tameside include the rivers Medlock and Etherow , which form parts of Tameside's western and eastern boundaries respectively, and
1540-584: The districts in the Tame Valley. Following deindustrialisation , the area had suffered "gross-neglect" and had large areas of housing unsuitable for human habitation. This joint enterprise comprised the nine districts that would become Tameside ten years later, plus the County Borough of Stockport . This collective agreed on creating "a linear park in the valley [of the River Tame] for the use of
1595-536: The east by the Borough of High Peak in Derbyshire . As of 2022, the population of Tameside was 232,753, making it the 8th-most populous borough of Greater Manchester. There are over 300 listed buildings in Tameside and three Scheduled Ancient Monuments , including Buckton Castle . Its townships were agricultural until the Industrial Revolution when they grew with the cotton industry. The borough
1650-547: The east, the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham to the north, the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport to the south, and the City of Manchester to the west. Tameside features flat lowlands in the west and highlands in the east where the western edge of the Pennines encroaches on the borough. The hills in the east include Hartshead Pike and Werneth Low which is also a country park. As well as coal measures running north–south through
1705-506: The hands of the same families until the 16th century. Manorialism continued as the main form of administration and governance until the mid-19th century. The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on Tameside; the area, whose main towns had previously been Ashton-under-Lyne and Mottram-in-Longdendale, was transformed from a collection of the rural, farming communities into mill towns . The towns of Ashton-under-Lyne, Dukinfield, Hyde, Mossley and Stalybridge have been described as "amongst
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1760-829: The industry of employment was 17.7% retail and wholesale, 13.2% manufacturing, 12.4% health and social work, 8.5% construction, 8.3% education, 5.8% public administration and defence, 5.3% transport, 5.0% professional, scientific and technical, 4.8% administrative, 4.5% hotels and restaurants, 4.1% financial, 2.4% information and communication, 1.7% real estate, 1.6% energy and water supply, and 4.5% others. In February 2001, Tameside had one Grade I listed buildings, 19 Grade II*, and 289 Grade II. The number of Grade I listed buildings in Tameside has increased to two, these are St Anne's Church in Haughton ; St Michael and All Angels' Church in Ashton-under-Lyne . (Fairbottom Farm Barn,
1815-412: The installation of kiosks alongside traditional stalls. The Ashton Arcades shopping centre opened in 1995. The centre covers 13,000 square metres (140,000 sq ft) on two floors with over 40 shops. In 2006, after failing twice to gain permission to develop a site in the neighbouring borough of Stockport , IKEA announced plans to build its first town centre-store in Ashton-under-Lyne. The store
1870-525: The material appearance of the tall chimneys under which they live. Here and there the height of the latter may differ by a few rounds of brick, but in all essential respects, a description of one is a description of all. Beginning with Samuel Slater and technological information smuggled out of England by Francis Cabot Lowell , large mills were established in New England in the early to mid-19th century. Mill towns, sometimes planned, built and owned as
1925-569: The most famous mills towns in the North West". With only a brief interruption for the Lancashire Cotton Famine of 1861 to 1865, factories producing and processing textiles were the main industry in Tameside from the late-18th century until the mid-20th century. In 1964, Dukinfield Borough Council convened a meeting of neighbouring local authorities with the aim of formulating a policy of cross-authority social improvement for
1980-608: The new advanced technologies centre, they will have access to facilities for engineering, construction and the built environment, motor-vehicle, sport and public services and health and social care provision Provision for students with severe learning difficulties and/or disabilities will continue to be based at the Beaufort Road where a new sports academy was opened in February, 2015, by former Manchester United and England footballer Paul Scholes. In addition, Ashton's old public baths, which lay derelict for many years, has been reborn as
2035-404: The new district. The eight other towns objected, adamant that "a new name should be found". Thirty suggestions were put forward, including Brigantia, Clarendon, Hartshead, Kayborough, Tame, Ninetowns, and West Pennine, with Hartshead (with reference to Hartshead Pike ) being the most popular throughout most of the consultation period. However, the name Tameside (with reference to the River Tame, but
2090-532: The original estate was called, was renamed Żyrardów , a toponym derived of the polonised spelling of Girard's name. Most of Żyrardów's monuments are located in the manufacturing area which dates from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is widely believed that Żyrardów's textile settlement is the only entire urban industrial complex from the 19th-century to be preserved in Europe. In the United Kingdom,
2145-652: The religious identity of residents residing in Tameside according to the 2011 and the 2021 census results. Tameside is covered by the Roman Catholic dioceses of Shrewsbury and Salford , and the Church of England dioceses of Manchester and Chester . There are two Grade I listed churches in Tameside, St Anne's Church , in Haughton , was built in 1881 in the Gothic Revival style by J Medland Taylor. St Michael and All Angels' Church in Ashton-under-Lyne
2200-477: The responsibility of county councils . Many metropolitan districts were boroughs from their establishment on 1 April 1974; others gained borough status later. In 1986 the metropolitan county councils were abolished under the Local Government Act 1985 and most of their functions were devolved to the metropolitan boroughs, making them, to a large extent, unitary authorities in all but name. At
2255-635: The rest is made up of roads and non-domestic buildings. Localities within the boundaries of Tameside include: Ashton-under-Lyne , Audenshaw , Broadbottom , Carrbrook , Copley , Denton , Droylsden , Dukinfield , Flowery Field , Gee Cross , Godley , Godley Green , Guide Bridge , Hartshead Green , Hattersley , Haughton Green , Hazelhurst , Heyrod , Hollingworth , Hyde , Landslow Green , Luzley , Millbrook , Mossley , Mottram in Longdendale , Newton , Park Bridge , Roe Cross , Stalybridge , Warhill , and Woolley Bridge . The residents of
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2310-421: The result of multimillion-pound investment. Virtually every high school has been replaced or remodelled. Eighteen primary schools have been rebuilt in recent years and another 20 have undergone major remodelling. In addition, the borough has opened the first entirely new schools in its history: Inspire Academy on Mossley Road, Ashton, and Discovery Academy off Porlock Avenue, Hattersley. Both offer 420 places plus
2365-570: The same time some of the functions of the abolished metropolitan county councils were taken over by joint bodies such as passenger transport authorities , and joint fire , police and waste disposal authorities. The metropolitan districts are administered by metropolitan district councils. They are the principal local authorities in the six metropolitan counties and are responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection, and roads. The 36 metropolitan boroughs are: Mill town The town grew out of
2420-627: The six largest urban areas in England outside Greater London. The new districts replaced the previous system of county boroughs , municipal boroughs , and urban and rural districts . Metropolitan districts were originally parts of a two-tier structure of local government, and shared power with metropolitan county councils. They differed from non-metropolitan districts in the division of powers between district and county councils. Metropolitan districts were local education authorities , and were also responsible for social services and libraries . In non-metropolitan counties these services were (and are)
2475-1407: The term "mill town" usually refers to the 19th-century textile manufacturing towns of northern England and the Scottish Lowlands , particularly those in Lancashire (cotton) and Yorkshire ( wool ). Some former mill towns have a symbol of the textile industry in their town badge. Some towns may have statues dedicated to textile workers (e.g. Colne ) or have a symbol in the badge of local schools (e.g. Ossett School ). Congleton , Crewe , Macclesfield Glossop , Hadfield , New Mills Ashton-under-Lyne , Bolton , Bury , Chadderton , Failsworth , Heywood , Hyde , Lees , Leigh , Manchester, Middleton , Oldham , Radcliffe , Ramsbottom , Reddish , Rochdale , Royton , Shaw and Crompton , Stalybridge , Stockport , Wigan Accrington , Bacup , Barnoldswick , Blackburn , Burnley , Calder Vale , Chorley , Colne , Darwen , Nelson , Oakenclough , Padiham , Preston for others see table below. Batley , Bingley , Bradford , Brighouse , Cleckheaton , Dewsbury , Elland , Halifax , Hebden Bridge , Heckmondwike , Holmfirth , Huddersfield , Keighley , Morley , Mytholmroyd , Ossett , Pudsey , Shipley , Skipton , Sowerby Bridge , Todmorden , Yeadon The list above includes some towns where textiles
2530-573: The territory of the Brigantes , the Celtic tribe controlling most of what is now north west England. The area came under control of the Roman Empire in the second half of the 1st century. Roads through the area were established from Ardotalia fort in Derbyshire to Mamucium (Manchester) west of Tameside and Castleshaw Roman fort in the north. Romano-British finds in the borough include
2585-499: The townspeople and as a major recreational resource within the Manchester metropolis". Tameside was created on 1 April 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972 as one of the ten metropolitan districts of Greater Manchester. The new district covered the territory of nine former districts which were abolished at the same time: Dukinfield, Hyde, Longdendale and Stalybridge had been in the administrative county of Cheshire prior to
2640-412: Was middle class compared to 14% in England and Wales; this increased to 13.1% in 1931 (15% nationally) and 37.0% in 2001 (48% nationally). From 1841 to 1991, the working class population of Tameside and across the country was in decline, falling steadily from 58.0% (36% nationally) to 22.8% in 1991 (21% nationally). It has since increased slightly, up to 32.9% (26% nationwide). The rest of the population
2695-438: Was 2,126/km (5,510/sq mi) and for every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. Of those aged 16 and over in Tameside, 28.1% had no academic qualifications , significantly higher than 22.5% in all of England. 7% of Tameside's residents were born outside the United Kingdom, significantly lower than the national average of 13.8%. The largest minority group was Asian, at 6.6% of the population. In 1841, 8.5% of Tameside's population
2750-491: Was created in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . The history of the area stretches back up to 10,000 years; there are 22 Mesolithic sites in Tameside, the oldest dating to around 8000 BC; 21 of the 22 sites are in the hilly uplands in the north east of the borough. Evidence of Neolithic and Bronze Age activity is more limited in the borough, although the Bronze Age Stalybridge Cairn
2805-531: Was divided into four manors , those of Tintwistle, Hollingworth, Werneth, and Mottram. The land east of the River Tame was in the Hundred of Hamestan in Cheshire and held by the Earl of Chester while to the west of the river was in the Hundred of Salford under Roger de Poitevin . These manors were divided to create further manors, so that by the 13th century most of them were owned by local families and remained in
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#17327733069712860-531: Was first used for administrative subdivisions of the County of London between 1900 and 1965. There were 28 of these metropolitan boroughs, which were replaced by a new system of larger London boroughs in 1965, when the County of London was replaced by Greater London . The current metropolitan boroughs originated as metropolitan districts created in 1974 as subdivisions of new metropolitan counties, created to cover
2915-422: Was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers. Although Tameside has only existed as a Metropolitan Borough since 1974, the table below details the population change – including the percentage change since the last census 10 years earlier – in the area since 1801 using figures from the towns, villages, and civil parishes that would later become constituent parts of Tameside. The following table shows
2970-518: Was named in Brooke's honour. An "advanced technologies centre" is being built on Stamford Street, Ashton. When it opens in 2017 it will provide a learning facility to support the growth of advanced engineering and technology in Tameside. Phase two of VisionTameside will create an advanced skills centre for Tameside College alongside a new joint service centre for Tameside Council and partners. The skills centre will provide facilities for students studying
3025-568: Was not the predominant industry. For example, mining was a key industry in Wigan and Leigh in Greater Manchester, and in Ossett in Yorkshire. On his tour of northern England in 1849, Scottish publisher Angus Reach said: In general, these towns wear a monotonous sameness of aspect, physical and moral ... In fact, the social condition of the different town populations is almost as much alike as
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