Oy Tampella Ab was a Finnish heavy industry manufacturer, a maker of paper machines, locomotives, military weaponry, as well as wood-based products such as packaging. The company was based mainly in the Naistenlahti district of the city of Tampere .
69-434: Until 1963 the company was called Tampereen Pellava- ja Rauta-Teollisuus Osake-Yhtiö (The Flax and Iron Industry of Tampere Stock Company). In Swedish it was called Tammerfors Linne-&Jern-Manufakt.A.B.. In 1993 the company’s forest and packaging business was bought by Enso-Gutzeit Oy . Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy was a company based on the merger in 1861 of two factories - a linen mill and foundry - situated by
138-430: A 20-kronor note was introduced. All remaining one krona banknotes became invalid after 31 December 1987. All remaining five krona and ten krona banknotes became invalid after 31 December 1998. An exhaustive list of every banknote design since 1874 is not included, but the following five designs were or will be retired in 2016–2017. The oldest design began to be printed in 1985. A 20-kronor banknote (a new denomination)
207-710: A majority stake in the German forestry company E. Holtzmann & Cie. [ de ] In 1998, the company merged with Stora to form Stora Enso. After the merger, Stora Enso expanded its operations by acquiring wood products businesses and bought paper merchant businesses in Europe. In 2000, the company bought Consolidated Papers in North America. Stora Enso also slowly expanded its operations in South America, Asia and Russia. In 2000, Stora Enso acquired
276-402: A modern shareholder company in 1862. Towards the end of the 19th century, it diversified from mining and entered pulp and paper production. In the 1970s, most of the mining and steel mill operations of the company were divested, and the focus changed to forestry-related activities. In 1984, the company name was shortened to Stora AB . The copper mine closed down in 1992. In 1997, the year before
345-464: A new series of coins with new sizes to replace the 1-krona and 5-kronor coins; the new coins arrived in October 2016. The design of the coins follows the theme of singer-songwriter Ted Gärdestad 's song, " Sol, vind och vatten " (English: "Sun, wind and water"), with the designs depicting the elements on the reverse side of the coins. This also included the reintroduction of the 2-kronor coin, while
414-401: A portrait of the singer Jenny Lind and on the reverse was a picture of a silver harp and its tonal range. The banknote became invalid after 31 December 2013. A more secure version with the same portrait was printed from 2006 to 2011 and became invalid after 30 June 2016. A 100-kronor banknote (3rd design since 1898) was printed 1986–2000 with a portrait of the botanist Carl Linnaeus and on
483-417: A reasonable smallest denomination coin was 1 öre. A 10 kr gold coin weighed 4.4803 grams with 900 fineness so that the fine weight was 4.03327 grams or exactly 1/248th of a kilogram. In 1902, production of gold coins ceased, and was briefly restarted in 1920 and 1925 before ceasing entirely. Due to metal shortages during World War I , iron replaced bronze between 1917 and 1919. Nickel-bronze replaced silver in
552-621: A significant percentage. According to Bank for International Settlements the last year Sweden was surpassed in cash on a per capita basis converted to United States dollars by the US in 1993, the Euro Area in 2003, Australia in 2007, Canada in 2009, United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia in 2013, South Korea in 2014, Russia in 2016, and Mexico in 2019. As of 2019 Sweden was still circulating more cash per person (converted to USD) than Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, India, Indonesia, and South Africa. The tables show
621-486: Is a legally-enforced method of rounding off change, up or down, to the nearest unit of physical currency, while retaining the öre as pricing and accounting unit. It was required in conjunction with the phaseout of smaller coins, as follows: In 1971 the 2-kronor coin ceased production. In 1972 the sizes of the 5-öre and 5-kronor coins were reduced. In 1991, aluminium-brass (" Nordic gold ") 10-kronor coins were introduced; previous 10-kronor coins are not legal tender. In
690-605: Is gained from the people and all the major parties. Therefore, the timing is now at the discretion of the Social Democrats . He added, the request of Mona Sahlin , former leader of the Social Democratic Party, for deferral of a new referendum until after the 2010 mandate period should be respected. As of 2014 , support for Swedish membership of the euro among the general population is low. In September 2013, support fell as low as 9%. The only party in
759-514: Is owned by the occupational pension company Varma. The building was due to be completed in spring 2024. Stora Enso moved to a temporary headquarters in a property owned by Varma in Salmisaari. Veracel is a joint venture between Stora Enso (50 percent ownership) and Suzano Papel e Celulose in Brazil . In Uruguay, Stora Enso (50 percent ownership) and Celulosa Arauco y Constitución operate
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#1732780507693828-407: Is required to join the eurozone and therefore must convert to the euro once the convergence criteria are met. Notwithstanding this, on 14 September 2003, a consultative Swedish referendum was held on the euro, in which 56% of voters were opposed to the adoption of the currency, out of an overall turnout of 82.6%. The Swedish government has argued such a course of action is possible since one of
897-469: The Riksbank in denominations of 1 krona and 5, 10, 50, 100 and 1,000 kronor. The 1 krona was only initially issued for two years, although it reappeared between 1914 and 1920. In 1939 and 1958, 10,000-kronor notes were issued. Production of the 5-kronor note ceased in 1981, although a coin had been issued since 1972. With the introduction of a 10-krona coin in 1991, production of 10-kronor notes ceased and
966-703: The Riksdag formally decided to enact the law to abolish 50-öre coins as legal tender. Under that law, the final date payments could be made with 50-öre coins was 30 September 2010. Remaining 50-öre coins could be exchanged at banks until the end of March 2011. After the launch of the current coin series in 2016, all the old kronor coins have been invalid since 2017. They cannot be used for payments, nor can they be exchanged for legal tender at any bank, and are instead instructed to be recycled as metal. Jubilee and commemorative coins have been minted, and those since 1897 are also legal tender. In 1874, notes were introduced by
1035-496: The Riksdag that supports Swedish entry in the euro (as of 2015) is the Liberal Party . Sweden is a wealthy country and in the 1970s and 1980s the value of banknotes and coins per capita was one of the highest in the world. In 1991, the largest banknote worth 10,000kr that was in circulation since 1958 was declared invalid and no longer was legal tender. For a discussion of the financial and banking crisis that hit Sweden in
1104-465: The Tammerkoski rapids. After a modest start, it grew to become an institution employing thousands of people in the centre of Tampere alone, and more at its other units. In the 1950s the company's name was shortened to Tampella. The company went into decline during the 1980s and eventually went bankrupt in 1990. This was at a time just before the economic recession of the early 1990s. After bankruptcy
1173-522: The gold standard , with the krona/krone defined as 1 ⁄ 2480 of a kilogram of pure gold. The mutual equivalence of all three currencies ended in World War I when their convertibility to gold was suspended. While their gold parities remained during most of the interwar period, these currencies were generally quoted at varying market rates. On 11 September 2012, the Riksbank announced
1242-476: The 10, 25 and 50 öre in 1920, with silver returning in 1927. Metal shortages due to World War II again led to changes in the Swedish coinage. Between 1940 and 1947, the nickel-bronze 10, 25 and 50 öre were again issued. In 1942, iron again replaced bronze (until 1952) and the silver content of the other coins was reduced. In 1962, cupronickel replaced silver in the 10-öre, 25-öre and 50-öre coins. In 1968,
1311-530: The 10, 25, 50 öre and 1 krona and 2 kronor were in silver, and the 10 and 20 kronor were in gold. Gold 5-kronor coins were added in 1881. In 1873 the Scandinavian Monetary Union currency was fixed so that 2,480 kronor purchased 1 kg of gold. In 2017 the price of gold is 365,289 kronor per kg. So one öre in 1873 bought as much gold as 1.47 kronor in 2017. So if it is reasonable to have the smallest denomination coin 1 krona today, in 1873
1380-473: The 10,000-kronor banknotes a new 1,000-kronor banknotes (of the 4th design / without foil strips) was printed from 1989 to 1991 with a portrait of Gustav Vasa and on the reverse a harvest picture from Olaus Magnus 's Description of the Northern Peoples from 1555. Circulation peaked at over 48 million in 2001. On 15 March 2006, the Riksbank introduced a new, more secure 1,000-kronor banknote with
1449-663: The 1860s and inherited the company in 1869. In 1871, he started to operate in Finland, together with Lars J. Bredesen, who was from Norway too. Gutzeit started a sawmill in Kotka in November 1872 and called it W. Gutzeit & Comp. In 1897, the company became a Finnish company, and its name was changed to Aktiebolaget W. Gutzeit & Co. As Gutzeit & Co bought Aktiebolaget Pankakoski in 1908 and Enso Träsliperi Ab in Jääski in 1911,
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#17327805076931518-563: The 2-kronor switched to cupronickel and the 1-krona switched to cupronickel-clad copper (it was replaced entirely by cupronickel in 1982). Nonetheless, all previous mintages of the 1-krona (since 1875) and 2-kronor (since 1876) were still legal tender until 2017, though 2-kronor coins were extremely rarely seen in circulation as they have not been issued since 1971. The 2-kronor coins contained 40% silver until 1966, which meant they had been for several years worth much more than face value, so most have been bought and melted down by arbitrageurs , and
1587-573: The European Union . Both the ISO code "SEK" and currency sign "kr" are in common use for the krona; the former precedes or follows the value, the latter usually follows it but, especially in the past, it sometimes preceded the value. In English, the currency is sometimes referred to as the Swedish crown , as krona means " crown " in Swedish. The Swedish krona was the ninth-most traded currency in
1656-716: The Israeli defence contractor Soltam , in 1950. Stora Enso Stora Enso Oyj (from Swedish : Stora [ˈstǔːra] and Finnish : Enso [ˈenso] ) is a Finnish and Swedish forest industry company. It develops and produces various materials, mostly based on wood, for a range of industries and applications worldwide. It has headquarters in Helsinki , Finland, and Stockholm , Sweden. The majority of sales takes place in Europe, but there are also significant operations in Asia and South America. Stora Enso
1725-526: The Montes del Plata joint venture. Hans Sohlström, CEO Previous CEOs were The board of directors in 2024: Kari Jordan (chair of board), Håkan Buskhe (vice chair of the board), Elisabeth Fleuriot, Helena Hedblom, Astrid Hermann, Christiane Kuehne, Richard Nilsson, and Reima Rytsölä. In May 2024, the Finnish state was, through the state-owned Solidium fund and Social Insurance Institution of Finland ,
1794-643: The Nazi era, and the association is that Hitler liked his music. The Riksbank replied saying that it is "unfortunate that the choice of design is seen as negative", and stated that it is not going to be changed. Dagens Nyheter journalist Björn Wiman went further in his criticism, condemning the Riksbank for selecting Nilsson at all for the 500-kronor banknote. He brings up an example from Nilsson's 1995 autobiography, where she described Mauritz Rosengarten from Decca using antisemitic jokes about greed. To see where Swedish krona ranks in "most traded currencies", read
1863-577: The North American pulp and paper manufacturer Consolidated Papers for EUR 4.9 billion. The acquisition has, in hindsight, been noted in the financial press as a massive value destroyer. In the same year, Stora Enso and AssiDomän formed a joint company, Billerud AB , to produce packaging paper. In 2002, Stora Enso started investigating the possibility of establishing plantations and production facilities in Guangxi , China. In recent years,
1932-453: The Riksbank announced the names of the persons whose portraits would decorate the new series of banknotes that would be introduced in 2015. This would also include a new 200-kronor banknote. These are: On 24 April 2012, the Riksbank announced the base for the new designs of the banknotes, based on Göran Österlund's entry titled Cultural Journey . The first banknotes, the 20, 50, 200, and 1,000 krona, were issued on 1 October 2015 with
2001-469: The academic journal Business Communication Quarterly, concluded that the analyzed communication "seemed to work well". Metsä Group and Stora Enso were fined €500,000 for forming a cartel in 2001. Swedish krona The krona ( Swedish: [ˈkrûːna] ; plural: kronor ; sign : kr ; code : SEK ) is the currency of the Kingdom of Sweden . It is one of the currencies of
2070-454: The article on the Foreign exchange market . The exchange rate of the Swedish krona against other currencies has historically been dependent on the monetary policy pursued by Sweden at the time. Since the Swedish banking rescue , a managed float regimen has been upheld. The weakest the krona has been relative to the euro was 6 March 2009 when one euro bought 11.6465 SEK. The strongest
2139-579: The beginning of 2020, Stora Enso started a new division called Forest. It included In July 2021, Stora Enso informed that it was selling its RFID tag technology called ECO to Grupo CCRR. In March 2022, Stora Enso announced its intention to sell four paper mills located in Anjala in Finland, Hylte and Nymölla in Sweden and Maxau in Germany. If no buyer could be found, the company would continue to run
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2208-457: The board production was added to company portfolio. In 1918, the company shares were bought by Finland which became independent in 1917, and Gutzeit became fully state owned company. In 1924, the company headquarter was moved from Kotka to Helsinki. The company's name was changed to Enso-Gutzeit Osakeyhtiö in 1928. The company started to build Kaukopää mill in Imatra in 1935. At the time it
2277-515: The building to the German property company Deka Immobilien GmbH for €30 million and started renting the building, while also declaring its intention to move to other rented premises in the Helsinki area. In December 2021, it was announced that the construction of Stora Enso's new headquarters in Katajanokka had started. Other office space and a hotel were also planned for the building, which
2346-601: The centuries. In 1998, the company merged with Enso to form Stora Enso. The roots of Enso go back to the 1850s, when Wilhelm Gutzeit [ no ] started Wilh. Gutzeit & Co. in Norway. He was a native of Königsberg who had moved to Norway to work as a secretary for his step-cousin Benjamin Wegner , an industrialist. Only one of Gutzeit's five children survived to adulthood and thus his son Hans Gutzeit [ fi ] started to work with him in
2415-582: The company has gone through heavy restructuring. The North American operations were divested in 2007 to NewPage Corporation . Stora Enso has sold and closed down some of its mills in Finland, Sweden and Germany. The closure of a plant in Kemijärvi in 2008 and subsequent events were subject to significant Finnish media coverage. In 2009, Stora Enso entered into a joint venture in Uruguay, called Montes del Plata, with access to 250,000 hectares of woodland and
2484-584: The company's operations were split and sold to various, mostly international, owners. Among the company's products was the manufacture of linen: in later times this was not an important product, but the company continued it for apparently historic reasons. However, its main concern was iron and steel products. These included grave crosses (in the very early days), guns, mining drills, paper machines, locomotives (both steam and diesel ), steam boilers and turbines. The company also produced cardboard and packaging at its Inkeroinen mill. The industrial activity, under
2553-517: The current 10-kronor coin remained the same. The new coins also have a new portrait of the king in their design. One of the reasons for a new series of coins was to end the use of nickel (for allergy reasons). Vending machines and parking meters have to a fairly high degree stopped accepting coins and accept only bank cards or mobile phone payments . Between 1873 and 1876, coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 öre and 1, 2, 10, and 20 kronor were introduced. The 1, 2 and 5 öre were in bronze,
2622-471: The early 1990s see the article History of Sweden (1991–present) and Swedish banking rescue . Unlike the United States, which by policy never declares issued money invalid, Sweden and most other European countries have a date when older series of banknotes or older coin designs are invalid and are no longer legal tender. Invalid old banknotes of any age can, however, be deposited in the Riksbank, and
2691-479: The intention to build a large-capacity mill. In 2010, Stora Enso acquired a 30 per cent stake in the Chinese printed paper packaging manufacturer Inpac. In September 2012, Stora Enso signed an agreement with Packages Ltd., the largest packaging company of Pakistan, to set up a joint venture named Bulleh Shah Packaging (Pvt.) Ltd. at Kasur , Pakistan. The ownership stake for Stora Enso was 35 per cent. In 2017,
2760-544: The krona has been relative to the euro was on 13 August 2012 when one euro bought 8.2065 SEK. The weakness in the euro was due to the crisis in Greece which began in July 2012 and fear of further spreading to Italy and Spain. The average exchange rate since the beginning of 2002 when the euro banknote and coins were issued and 1 March 2017 was 9.2884 SEK/EUR. According to the 1994 accession treaty (effective 1 January 1995), Sweden
2829-489: The largest owner by number of shares, while the Wallenberg family foundations, through FAM AB , was the second largest. These two owners were also the largest ones by number of votes. The five biggest owners on 31 May 2024 were: Following the merger, English became the lingua franca of the company. A study of the implications of this for the effectiveness of Stora Enso's internal business communication, published in
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2898-559: The merger with Enso, Stora had 20,400 employees and a turnover of 44.5 billion SEK . The company owned 2.3 million hectares of forest of which 1.6 million hectares (an area larger than Connecticut ) in Sweden and the rest in Canada, Portugal and Brazil. It also produced 7.5 TWh of mostly hydroelectric power . A 1997 article in Harvard Business Review praised Stora's ability to adapt to changing circumstances over
2967-432: The mills. In 2021, Stora Enso offer products and services through six corporate divisions. In 2021, the sales figures and relative contributions to group earnings by divisions were: Stora Enso has the majority of its operations in Europe. In 2021 The first Stora Enso HQ in Helsinki was designed by Alvar Aalto as the head office of Enso-Gutzeit Oy. The building was taken into use in 1961. In 2008, Stora Enso sold
3036-467: The monarch is also inscribed on many of the coins. A new 5-kronor coin was designed in 1974, at a time when there were political efforts to abandon the monarchy and the young inexperienced king. The monarchy remained, but the 5-kronor was not given a portrait. Coins minted before 1974 have the same size, but contain the portrait of King Gustav VI Adolf and his royal motto. Cash rounding (Swedish: öresavrundning ), commonly called Swedish rounding ,
3105-450: The most valuable banknotes in the world. The first design featuring the Head of Mercury was printed in 1939 and became invalid after 31 December 1987. The second design was printed 1958 and featured a portrait of Gustav VI Adolf , and became invalid after 31 December 1991. Invalid banknotes can be redeemed via the Riksbank, with an administration fee of 200 kronor. On 6 April 2011,
3174-831: The nearest krona when paying with cash. The word öre is ultimately derived from the Latin word for gold ( aurum ). The introduction of the krona, which replaced the riksdaler at par , was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union , which came into effect in 1876 and lasted until the beginning of World War I . The parties to the union were the Scandinavian countries, where the name was krona in Sweden and krone in Denmark and Norway , which in English literally means "crown". The three currencies were on
3243-508: The new ownership, in the centre of Tampere gradually ceased and the machines finally stopped operating in 2000. Soon after this, many of the buildings in the industrial complex have been taken into new uses as museums, cultural centres, artist's workshops etc. though some had already been demolished. Other buildings were converted to new commercial uses, but many were demolished to make way for blocks of flats. Together with an Israeli cooperative organisation Solel Boneh , Tampella also founded
3312-497: The oldest known preserved share certificate in the world, issued in 1288. Based on this, some observers consider Stora Enso to be the oldest limited liability company in the world. Stora Enso was formed by the merger of Swedish mining and forestry products company Stora and Finnish forestry products company Enso Oyj in 1998. The oldest preserved share in the Swedish copper mining company Stora Kopparberg ( Falun Mine ) in Falun
3381-461: The other two notes, the 100 and 500 krona, to follow on 3 October 2016. Opera singer Malena Ernman has criticized the Riksbank for choosing a design where Birgit Nilsson was depicted performing Die Walküre by Richard Wagner . She pointed out that it was very inappropriate to include something by Wagner, whose works were associated with Nazi Germany , in a time of increasing problems with antisemitism in Sweden . Wagner died long before
3450-428: The referendum, and none have shown any interest in raising the issue again. There was an agreement among the parties not to discuss the issue before the 2010 general election . In a poll from May 2007, 33.3% were in favour, while 53.8% were against and 13.0% were uncertain. In February 2009, Fredrik Reinfeldt , the prime minister of Sweden , stated that a new referendum on the euro issue will not be held until support
3519-460: The requirements for eurozone membership is a prior two-year membership of the ERM II . By simply not joining the exchange rate mechanism, the Swedish government is provided a formal loophole avoiding the theoretical requirement of adopting the euro. Some of Sweden's major parties continue to believe it would be in the national interest to join, but all parties have pledged to abide by the results of
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#17327805076933588-433: The rest are kept by collectors . In 1954, 1955 and 1971, 5-kronor silver coins were produced, with designs similar to contemporary 1-krona and 2-kronor coins. In 1972, a new, smaller 5-kronor coin was introduced, struck in cupronickel-clad nickel. The current design has been produced since 1976. 5-kronor coins minted since 1954 are legal tender but tend to be kept by collectors for their silver content. The royal motto of
3657-545: The reverse was a drawing of a bee pollinating a flower. The banknote became invalid after 31 December 2005. A more secure version with the same portrait was introduced in 2001 and became invalid after 30 June 2017. A 500-kronor banknote (a new denomination) in a blue shade was introduced in 1985 with a portrait of King Charles XI and on the reverse an engraving depicts Christopher Polhem , the "father of Swedish engineering". These banknotes became invalid on 31 December 1998. A 500-kronor banknote (red, but without foil strips) with
3726-425: The same portrait and the Riksbank became the first central bank in the world to use the security feature of MOTION (a moving image in the striped band) on the new 1,000-kronor banknote. When the banknote is tilted, the picture in the striped band appears to move. The Vasa banknote without security thread became invalid after 31 December 2013 at which time there was only 10 million in circulation. The Vasa banknotes with
3795-643: The same portrait was printed 1989–2000. This banknote became invalid after 31 December 2005. A more secure version with the same portrait was introduced in 2001 and became invalid after 30 June 2017. The banknote had some controversy in 1985 because of the executions of " Snapphane " guerrilla warriors that King Charles XI ordered. The first two designs of 1,000-kronor banknotes (printed from 1894 to 1950 and 1952–1973) became invalid on 31 December 1987. The third design with portrait of King Charles XIV John and Jöns Jacob Berzelius (printed 1976–1988) and declared invalid on 31 December 1998. In preparation for retirement of
3864-451: The same year bronze-coloured 50-öre coins were introduced. On 18 December 2008, the Riksbank announced a proposal to phase out the 50-öre, the final öre coin, by 2010. The öre would still remain a subdivision unit for electronic payments. The reasons may have included low purchasing power, higher production and distribution cost than the value and the coins cannot be used in most parking machines and vending machines. On 25 March 2009,
3933-408: The security thread became invalid after 30 June 2016 at which time there was under 4 million in circulation. Replacement banknotes featuring Dag Hammarskjöld became valid on 1 October 2015, but were circulated in considerably fewer quantities (less than 3.5 million), thus reducing the supply of cash in Sweden. The 10,000 krona banknote was always printed in small quantities as it was one of
4002-512: The stake was sold back to Packages Ltd., at a loss of EUR 19 million. Between 2006 and 2014, the share of paper products of the total sales decreased from 62 per cent to 38 per cent, while packaging and wood products increased their shares of the revenue, as the company, according to Bloomberg News , was "betting on renewable packaging as online shopping grows." In 2015, the Financial Times and Bloomberg News reported that Stora Enso
4071-549: The total sales. It also reported that the current and foreseeable market conditions were such that forestry industry companies in general received and could be expected to receive comparatively low shares of their profits from paper production. In 2018, Stora Enso, along with 23 other Finnish and Swedish companies, formed a joint venture named Combient for research and knowledge sharing in the areas of artificial intelligence , deep learning , big data and automation . Examples of notable products launched in 2017–2019 were In
4140-428: The value be sent to a bank account. From the years 2001 to 2008 banknotes and coins were circulated at a near constant level of around 12,000 krona per capita, but in 2006 a modified 1,000-krona banknote with a motion security strip was produced. Within seven years the banknotes without the strip were declared invalid, leaving only a radically reduced number of banknotes with foil valid. The Swish mobile payment system
4209-725: The value of the banknotes and coins per capita for participating countries on Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). Local currency is converted to US dollars using end of the year rates. The circulation levels in the table above were reported to the Bank for International Settlements . Possible discrepancies with these statistics and other sources may be because some sources exclude "commemorative banknotes and coins" (3.20% of total for Sweden in 2015) and other sources exclude "banknotes and coin held by banks" (2.68% of total for Sweden in 2015) as opposed "banknotes and coin in circulation outside banks". Circulation levels of cash on
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#17327805076934278-484: The world by value in April 2016. One krona is subdivided into 100 öre (singular; plural öre or ören , where the former is always used after a cardinal number, hence "50 öre", but otherwise the latter is often preferred in contemporary speech). Coins as small as 1 öre were formerly in use, but the last coin smaller than 1 krona was discontinued in 2010. Goods can still be priced in öre , but all sums are rounded to
4347-401: The world. For some periods during the 17th century, the mine provided two thirds of the world production of copper. In the 18th century, the copper mining gradually decreased in importance, and therefore, in 1731, the company bought its first iron ore mine. By the 1860s, iron ore was economically more important to the company than copper. Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags AB was incorporated as
4416-417: Was established in Sweden in 2012 and become a popular alternative to cash payments. The Vasa 1,000-krona banknote without the foil strip became invalid after 31 December 2013, and the pieces with the foil strip are invalid after 30 June 2016. Although many countries are performing larger and larger share of transactions by electronic means, Sweden is unique in that it is also reducing its cash in circulation by
4485-501: Was formed in 1998, when the Swedish mining and forestry products company Stora AB merged with the Finnish forestry products company Enso Oyj. In 2023, there were 20,000 employees. In 2015, Stora Enso was ranked seventh in the world by sales and fourth by earnings, among forest, paper and packaging industry companies. For the first two quarters of 2018, the company was ranked second by net earnings among European forest and paper industry companies. The corporate history can be traced back to
4554-482: Was investing in biomaterials and renewable construction products as possible future growth areas. By 2016 Stora Enso owned 90 per cent of Inpac. In July 2017, the Financial Times reiterated that a focus on renewable packaging, biomaterials and construction products formed part of the strategic direction of Stora Enso, while also reporting that the revenue from paper had decreased further to 30 per cent of
4623-484: Was issued in 1288. It granted the Bishop of Västerås 1/8th (12.5%) ownership, and it is also the oldest known preserved share in any company in the world. The corporate status of the company was further recognized in 1347, when King Magnus IV of Sweden granted it a charter . Some observers consider that these facts make Stora and its successor Stora Enso the oldest existing corporation or limited liability company in
4692-423: Was printed 1991–1995 with a portrait of the writer Selma Lagerlöf and on the reverse was an engraved interpretation of a passage from the book The Wonderful Adventures of Nils . The banknote became invalid after 31 December 2005. A more secure version with the same portrait was printed from 1997 to 2008 and became invalid after 30 June 2016. A 50-kronor banknote (3rd design since 1896) was printed 1996–2003 with
4761-587: Was the biggest sulfate pulp mill in Europe. Summa paper mill in Hamina was taken into use in 1955. The company's name was changed to Enso-Gutzeit Oy in 1981. Enso-Gutzeit bought A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiö's forest industries at Varkaus in 1987. In 1993, the company bought units from Tampella , Tampella Forest Oy and Tambox Europe's units from Finland and Sweden. In 1996, two state owned forest companies were merged and Enso-Gutzeit Oy and Veitsiluoto Oy from North Finland became Enso Oyj. In 1997, it acquired
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