The Tanais Tablets are two tablets from the city of Tanais near modern Rostov-on-Don , Russia . They are written in Greek and are dated to the late 2nd–3rd century AD. At the time, Tanais had a mixed Greek , Gothic and Sarmatian population. The tablets are public inscriptions which commemorate renovation works in the city. One of the tablets, Tanais Tablet A, is damaged and not fully reconstructed. The other, Tanais Tablet B, is fully preserved and is dated to 220 AD.
26-574: The tablets were discovered by Russian archaeologist Pavel Leontiev [ fr ] in 1853. Today, they are kept in the lapidary of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg . The tablets are considered important in early Croatian history. Three male names are mentioned on the tablets: Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος). These names have been interpreted by scholars as anthroponyms of
52-537: A Persian and Seleucid - Greek by lineage) and the Roman triumvir Mark Antony through Antonia Tryphaena , Queen of Thrace and her mother Pythodorida of Pontus . Eupator died at some point between 170 and 172 and Sauromates II succeeded him as Bosporan King, reigning from that date until his death in 210/211. He expressed his royal title in Greek on his coinage: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ or of King Sauromates . He
78-589: A mixed tribe of Alans and Crimean Goths who became Slavicized in the ensuing centuries. The tablets were discovered by the Russian archeologist Pavel Leontiev [ fr ] in September 1853. Croatian scholars Stjepan Krizin Sakač , Dominik Mandić and Radoslav Katičić have written significantly about the tablets. When Croatia was part of Yugoslavia , Yugoslav scholars avoided discussing them, or in
104-518: A name of Iranian origin or were ruled by a Sarmatian elite caste, or theories that early Croats were Slavicized Sarmatians cannot dismiss the remote Irano-Sarmatian elements or influence on the Croatian ethnogenesis. Still, the secure connection of those three personal names with the Croatian ethnonym, or ethnic identity, is rather difficult without more evidence. Tablet A is the larger and older inscription, dated to 175–211 AD, and which originates from
130-484: The Bosporan calculation of time ). This inscription is younger, which is apparent as it mentions Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis III , the son of Sauromates II. This inscription sustained less damage, having broken into four parts and being relatively readable. On it are engraved twenty lines in Greek monumental capitals. Cited in the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth lines, along with the names of their fathers, are
156-662: The Scythians and Sirachi tribes, and successfully defeated them. These victories are known from an inscription found in Tanais , dedicating and celebrating the King's military victories. This military campaign perhaps began in 186, when it spurred a financial crisis within the Bosporan Kingdom. In order to improve the flagging economy of his kingdom, Sauromates II initiated a series of monetary reforms in 186 that, over
182-526: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Pavel Leontiev " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
208-523: The Croatian ethnogenesis . Open debate only followed after Croatian independence in 1991. In 1902, A. L. Pogodin was the first scholar to connect the tablets' personal names with Croatian ethonyms. In 1911, Konstantin Josef Jireček was the first to consider these ethonyms to be of Iranian origin. Some scholars use these tablets only to explain the etymology, and not necessarily the ethnogenesis. Theories that early Croats were Slavs who had adopted
234-547: The Croatian ethnonym Hrvat . This ethonym is generally considered to be of Iranian origin, and can be traced to the Tanais Tablets. Tanais Tablet B mentions Horoathos as the son of (or from) Sandarz who was (or had been) the archon of the Tanaisians (one of theory Sandakšatru gens ), which is a Scytho-Sarmatian name. Scholars use this to indicate that early Croatians may have, at the time, been Sarmatians or
260-469: The Supreme. May it be with fortune! In the time of the reign of king Tiberius Julius Sauromates , Friend of Caesar and of the people of Rome, Pious. The devotional assembly with the priest Julius, the son of Rhalchades, at the head, and the father of the devotional assembly Horuat[a, the son of ---]o[---], and the gathered devotional assembly, with Ardarak, the son of [S]ynegdemus, and the noble Diaion,
286-466: The case of scholars such as Ferdo Šišić , Trpimir Macan , Josip Horvat, Bogo Grafenauer , Jaroslav Šidak, Gordan Ravančić, Ivan Biondić, and Stjepan Pantelić, discussed the tablets in a superficial way and misinterpreted their content. Croatian writer Miroslav Krleža saw the connection as "historical lunacy", while Nada Klaić used them in her criticism of the Iranian-Caucasian theory of
SECTION 10
#1732773398077312-1301: The council at their own expense once again renovate [the square] for the city and the merchants, through the supervision of Zenon, the son of Phannes, Pharnoxarthos, the son of Taureus, Phaldaranos, the son of Apollonius, and the architect Diophantus, the son of Neopolus and Aurelius, the son of Antoninus, Nauakos, the son of Meuakos. The year 517. Pavel Leontiev Look for Pavel Leontiev on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Pavel Leontiev in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
338-548: The course of a decade, gradually reduced the weight of his bronze coinage while increasing the circulation of the golden stater . In the last decade of the 2nd century AD, the coins of Sauromates II also commonly featured the portrait of Septimius Severus; it is not known whether or not this was a command given by the Roman emperor to his client or if the Bosporan king did this on his own volition. The name of Sauromates' wife
364-1832: The date, from which is saved only the appellation of the Greek-Macedonian month, which corresponds to either July or August. Greek original: ΘΕΩι ΥΨΙΣΤΩι. ΆΓΑΘΗι ΤΥΧΗι. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΤΙΒ(ΕΡΙΟΥ) ΙΟΥΛ(ΙΟΥ) ΣΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΚΑΙΣΑΡ[ΟΣ ΚΑ]Ι ΦΙΛΟ[Ρ]ΩΜΑΙΟΥ, ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ, Η ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ Η ΠΕΡΙ Ι[ΕΡΕΑ ΙΟΥ)ΛΙΟΝ ΡΑΛΧΑΔΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΤΕΡΑ Σ[Υ]ΝΟΔΟΥ ΧΟΡΟΥΑΘ[ΟΝ]-----Ο — ΚΑΙ ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΩΝ ΆΡΔΑ[ΡΑ] ΚΟΝ [Σ]ΥΝΕΓΔΗΜ[ΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛ]ΑΓ[ΑΘ]ΟΝ ΔΙΑΙ[Ο]Ν ΚΕΡΔΩΝΑΚΟΥ (?) ΚΑΙ [Π]ΑΡΑΦΙΛΑΓΑΘΟ[Ν]------ΙΟΝ ΦΟΡΓΑΒΑΚ[ΟΥ] ΚΑΙ [ΝΕΑ]ΝΙΣ- [Κ]ΑΡΧΗΝ ΔΗΜΗΤ[ΡΙΟΝ ΑΠΟ]ΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΓΥΜ(Ν]ΑΣΙΑ[ΡΧΗΝ] ΒΑ - [ΣΙ]ΛΕΙΔΗΝ ΘΕΟΝ[ΕΙΚ]Ο[Υ ΚΑΙ Α]ΤΤΑΝ ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΟΥ ΦΙΛΟ[Ν]? ΤΗΣ [ΣΥ]ΝΟΔΟΥ [ΚΑΙ] ΟΙ ΛΟ[ΙΠΟ]Ι [ΘΙΑ]ΣΪΤΑΙ· ΆΡΔΑΡΑΚΟΣ ΖΙΑ---ΟΥ, ΔΗ[ΜΗΤ]ΡΙΟΣ------ΟΥ, ΛΕΙΜΑΝΟΣ ΦΙΔΑ, [ΜΙ]ΔΑΧΟΣ?-------ΑΝΟΥ, Ά[ΣΚ]ΛΗΠΙΑΔΗΣ ΟΥΑΛΕ[Ρ]ΙΟΥ . .Γ?ΟΔΑΝ[Ο]Σ [ΔΗΜΗΤ?]ΡΙΟΥ, [Μ]ΕΝΕΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ ΛΥΚΙΣ [ΚΟ]Υ --------ΙΚΑΧΟ[Υ], ΔΙΟΦΑΝΤ[ΟΣ] ΔΕΙΟΥ, ΠΟΠΛ[ΙΟ]Σ 15 -----------ΔΑ, ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔ[ΗΣ] ΕΠΙΓΟΝΟΥ, ΊΑΡΔΟ---------------[Δ] ΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ, Α[Φ]ΡΟΔΕΙΣΙΟΣ ΧΡΥΣΕ- [ΡΩΤΟΣ, ΦΑΛ]ΔΑ[ΡΑ]ΝΟΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ, ΦΙΛΙΠ- [ΠΟΣ]------------ΝΟ[Υ], ΚΑΛΟΫΣ ΑΘΗΝΙΟΥ, ΚΟΦΑΡΝΟΣ --------------------------------[Τ]ΡΥΦΩΝ ΑΝΔΡΟΜ[ΕΝ]ΟΥΣ, 20 Ο-------------------------ΧΟΡΟΑΘΟΥ, ΘΕΟΤΕΙΜΟΣ ΨΥΧΑ- ΡΙΩΝ[ΟΣ]----------ΔΙΒΑΛΟΣ ΦΑΡ[ΝΑΚΟΥ], ΕΫΙΟΣ 'ΡΟ- ΔΩΝ[ΟΣ, ΗΡΑ]ΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ "ΑΤΤ[Α----------------'ΑΡΙΣ]- ΤΟΔ[ΗΜΟΥ, Σ]ΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ ΣΑ--------------- ΚΟΣ---------------------------- 25 ΦΙΛΟ------------------------------ ΟΡΑΝΣ - - - [ΖΩΡΘΪ? ]ΝΟΣ ΒΕ [ ΛΛΙΚΟΥ?]------ 'ΡΑΔΑΜ[ΕΙΣΤΟΣ?)------ΦΑΔΙΝΑ[ΜΟΥ]------ ΜΥΡ[ΩΝ? ]----------ΜΑΣΤΟΫ------------ ΠΟ------------ΟΣ ΆΡΔΑ[ΡΑΚΟΥ?]------ 50 ΦΙΔ[Α]----------ΝΟΣ ΧΑΡΙ[ΤΩΝ--------:Α]- ΡΑΘΙ-------------------------- ΈΝ Τ[Ωι-----ΕΤΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΜΗ]ΝΙ ΛΩ[Ωι]----- English translation: God
390-620: The epithets meaning " friend of Caesar, friend of Rome, pious one " ) was a Roman client king of the Bosporan Kingdom . His coins are known from the period 172–210, probably accounting for his entire reign. Tiberius Julius Sauromates II is known from inscriptions to have been the son of the Bosporan king Rhoemetalces . Sauromates II's predecessor Eupator might have been his uncle. Although his surname "Sauromates" indicates alleged Sarmatian ancestry by marriages to Sarmatian princesses, this does not necessarily mean those who bore
416-556: The first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Leontiev " Tiberius Julius Sauromates II Tiberius Julius Sauromates II Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes , also known as Sauromates II ( Greek : Τιβέριος Ἰούλιος Σαυρομάτης Β΄ Φιλοκαῖσαρ Φιλορωμαῖος Eὐσεβής , Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes ,
442-921: The four leaders of the city of Tanais at the time when this monument was erected (Hofarno, Babos, Niblobor, and Horoathos). The monument was erected because of the renovation of the central square in the city of Tanais. Greek original: ΑΓΑΘΗΙ ΤΥΧΗΙ. ΕΠΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙ ΡΗΣΚΟΥΠΟΡΙΔΙ, ΥΙΩ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ, ΚΑ[Ι] ΖΗΝΩΝ ΦΑΝΝΕΩΣ ΠΡΕΣΒΕΥΤΗ ΒΑ- ΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΡΗΣΚΟΥΠΟΡΙΔΟΣ, ΚΑΙ ΧΟ- ΦΑΡΝΟΥ ΣΑΝΔΑΡΖΙΟΥ, ΒΑΒΟΣ ΒΑΙΟ- ΡΑΣΠΟΥ, ΝΙΒΛΟΒΩΡΟΣ ΔΟΣΥΜΟΞΑΡ– ΘΟΥ, ΧΟΡΟΑΘΟΣ ΣΑΝΔΑΡΖΙΟΥ ΑΡΧΟΝ– ΤΕΣ ΤΑΝΑΕΙΤΩΝ, ΧΟΦΡΑΖΜΟΣ ΦΟΡΓΑ- ΒΑΚΟΥ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΔΗΣ ΘΕΟΝΕΙΚΟΥ ΕΛ- ΛΗΝΑΡΧΗΣ ΕΞΑΡΤΙΣΑΣ ΤΗΝ ΑΓΟΡΑΝ ΕΚ ΤΩΝ ΙΔΙΩΝ ΑΝΑΛΩΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΠΕΚΑ– ΤΕΣΤΗΣΑ ΤΗ ΠΟΛΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΙΣ ΕΜΠΟ- ΡΟΙΣ ΔΙΑ ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΤΩΝ ΖΗΝΩΝΟΣ ΦΑ[Ν- Ν]ΕΩΣ, ΦΑΡΝΟΞΑΡΘΟΥ ΤΑΥΡΕΟΥ, ΦΑΛΔΑΡΑΝΟΥ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ [ΑΡ]ΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΩΝ ΔΙΟΦΑΝΤΟΥ ΝΕ- ΟΠΟΛΟΥ ΚΑ[Ι] ΑΥΡΗΛΙΟΥ ΑΝΤΩΝΕ[Ι]- ΝΟΥ, ΝΑΥΑΚΟΣ ΜΕΥΑΚΟΥ. EΝ ΤΩ ΖΙΦ'. English translation: May it be with fortune! In
468-417: The son of Andromenes, o [--------------], the son of Horoath, Theotimus, the son of Psycharion, [-----]dibal, the son of Far[nak], Euios, the son of Rodon, [Hera]clius, the son of At[i, --------- the son of Aris]-tod [emus, S]ymmachus, the son of Sa[---------], kos[----------------] philo[---------------] orano[--- Zorthi?]n, the son of Be[lik?], Radam[istus?], the son of [---], the son of Phadina[mos] Myr[on?],
494-399: The son of Kerdonak (?) and the very noble [---]ion, the son of Forgabak, and the leader of the youth Demetrius, the son of Apollonius, and the gymnasium instructor Basilides, the son of Theonicus, and Atta, the son of Heraclius, a friend of the devotional assembly. And the remaining members: Ardarakos, the son of Zia-[---]on, Demetrius, the son of [---]on, Leimanus, the son of Phidas [Mi]dach?,
520-421: The son of [-----], the son of Mastoy[s------] po[-------]os, the son of Ardarak, [----] Fid[a, the son of -------]n, Chari[ton, the son of -----], [A]- rathi[----, the son of -----------] in [the year and month] Lo[u] [---] Tablet B is the smaller inscription, measuring 1.053 m × 0.71 m × 0.08 m (41.5 in × 28.0 in × 3.1 in) and dated to 220 AD (517 according to
546-464: The son of [---]an, Asklepiades the son of Valerius. [--g?]odan, the son of Demetrius, Menestratus, the son of Lyciscus, [the son of -----]ikachus, Diophantus, the son of Deius, Poplius [the son of -----]din, Heraclius, the son of Epigon, Iardo[---------], the son of Demetrius, Aphrodisius, the son of Chryserotus, [Phal]da[ra]nos, the son of Apollonius, Philip [the son of –------]n, Kaloys, the son of Athenius, Kopharnos [the son of -------------] [T]ryphon,
SECTION 20
#1732773398077572-410: The synod, or devotional assembly, the leadership of the devotional assembly, and its regular members, which were slightly less than forty. The fourth line ends by mentioning the father of the devotional assembly, Horoúathos (Χορούαθος), who is referred to by name in the fifth line, and amongst others, an unknown male who is said to be the son of Horoáthos (Χοροάθου) is also cited. The inscription ends with
598-415: The time of king Rhescuporis , the son of the great king Sauromates , and Zenon, the son of Phannes, emissary of king Rhescuporis, and [in the time of] Hopharnas, the son of Sandarzios, Babos, the son of Baioraspes, Nibloboros, the son of Dosymoxarthos, Horoathos, the son of Sandarz, the archons of the Tanaisians, Hophrazmos, the son of Phorgabakos, Basilides, the son of Theoneicus, the hellenarch. Prepared by
624-405: The time when the king Tiberius Julius Sauromates II (175–211 AD) ruled the Bosporan Kingdom . The marble tablet, measuring 0.92 m × 0.73 m × 0.09 m (36.2 in × 28.7 in × 3.5 in), probably sustained heavy damage even before the excavation. Thirty-two lines from thirty fragments were saved from the inscription. The public inscription mentions the king,
650-419: The title were actual Sarmatians. His Bosporan royal dynasty had been established in the 1st century AD by Tiberius Julius Aspurgus and his son Mithridates (i.e. the son and grandson, respectively, of Bosporan ruler Asander and his queen Dynamis ). Aspurgus and Mithridates were not only related to the ruling house of Thrace , but were also descendants of both Mithridates VI Eupator of Pontus (both
676-552: Was a contemporary of the Roman Emperors Marcus Aurelius , Commodus , Pertinax , Didius Julianus , Septimius Severus and Caracalla . Little is known of the life and reign of Sauromates II. According to surviving coinage, he appeared to be a religious person who was involved in the worship of the Goddess Aphrodite and her cult. In 193, Sauromates II finished a military campaign against
#76923