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22-557: Tanganekald may be, Tanganekald people Tanganekald language Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tanganekald . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanganekald&oldid=881416157 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

44-721: A 2019 article about the Maria massacre : "The ancient identity and name of the Milmendjeri, one of the Tanganekald peoples, belong to the Coorong. They are ancient names that have become almost lost to living memory. Post-invasion, the peoples and territories of the Coorong have become known as Ngarrindjeri — this name is now privileged in native title claims over the lands and affairs of traditional First Nations nations such as Ramindjeri , Tanganekald, and Yaralde ." A distinction

66-656: A common descent from original inhabitants of this region-- even though their traditional identifying labels have been lost." In 1864, the publication of the Ngarrindjerri Bible was the first time portions of the Bible were translated into an Aboriginal language . 8 Genesis 2:8 follows in Ngarrindjerri from the 1864 translation and a literal English translation. " Jehovah winmin gardenowe Edenald, kile yuppun ityan korn gardenungai. " "Jehovah God planted

88-463: A crater near McGrath Flat homestead , concerns an aged woman, Prupe, and her sister Koromarange, both of the Marntandi clan. Growing sightless, Prupe had turned cannibal and had eaten almost all of the district's children, save one, her sister's granddaughter Koakaŋgi . To save her grandchild and stave off Prupe's intrusive foraging for her, Koromarange would bring her sister food. This only made

110-433: A dialect ). Berndt , Berndt & Stanton (1993) wrote: "The appropriate traditional categorisation of the whole group was Kukabrak: this term, as we mention again below, was used by these people to differentiate themselves from neighbours whom they regarded as being socio-culturally and linguistically dissimilar. However, the term Narrinyeri has been used consistently in the literature and by Aborigines today who recognise

132-501: A garden in Eden, toward the east, and there he put the man whom he had formed." The last fluent speaker of Ngarrindjerri died in the 1960s, but there have been attempts to revive the language in the 21st century, including the release of a Ngarrindjeri dictionary in 2009. The work of Lutheran missionaries Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann in the early days of the colonisation of South Australia have contributed enormously to

154-711: A pierced skull as a water-dish, causing Prupe to lose time ladling in the water, while Koromarange contrived a snare nearby, and fled with the child. On discovering the deception, Prupe rushed forth, only to be trapped in the snare, and, kicking some live coals as she lashed out, was incinerated. The intensity of the fire caused a crater to be formed on the spot where she camped. Thus, Koromarange and her grandchild Koakaŋgi managed to get back to their beach camp. According to Tindale, various names were applied to this group: Tindale 1974 Notable people of Tanganekald heritage include: Tanganekald language Ngarrindjeri , also written Narrinyeri , Ngarinyeri and other variants,

176-401: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tanganekald people The clan name Milmenrura (also spelt Milmendura, Milmendjuri, or Milmendjeri) was often used in the early days of the colony of South Australia to mean the whole tribe, in particular in association with the Maria massacre , in which 25 or 26 shipwrecked survivors of

198-521: Is now extinct. Linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann suggests that the original pronunciation of Ngarrindjeri had two distinct rhotic consonants : the first was rr (as in Italian) and the second was r (as in English). However, in revitalized Ngarrindjeri, both rhotics "are pronounced unlike English". Zuckermann analyses this phenomenon as over-applied, hypercorrect "emblematicity" due to Othering :

220-615: Is the language of the Ngarrindjeri and related peoples of southern South Australia . Five dialects have been distinguished by a 2002 study: Warki , Tanganekald , Ramindjeri , Portaulun and Yaraldi (or Yaralde Tingar ). Ngarrindjerri is Pama–Nyungan . McDonald (2002) distinguishes five dialects: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi. Bowern (2011) lists the Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, and Ramindjeri varieties as separate languages. Tanganekald, also known as Thangal,

242-457: The Robe district's limestone coastal area . They could render themselves invisible at will, and were the object of particular horror for their piercing eyes, which could, at a mere glance, kill a person. They could only be observed by making swift slanting gazes. These people were said to have finally driven out of their habitats by the ancestral forefathers of the tribe, who managed to drive them into

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264-469: The Ngarrindjeri revivalists are trying to define themselves vis-à-vis the "Other", distancing themselves from "the colonizers' mother tongue, Australian English" (even at the expense of losing one of their own original rhotics). Other names include Jarildekald, Jaralde, Yarilde, Yarrildie, Jaraldi, Lakalinyeri, Warawalde, Yalawarre, Yarildewallin (although as mentioned above, Yaraldi is regarded as

286-649: The Tangane. from Middleton south to Twelve Mile Point (north of Kingston ); inland only to about inner margin of first inland swamp and dune terrace, the Woakwine or 25 foot (7.5 m.) terrace, usually no more than 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km.); on islands in Lake Alexandrina, except eastern and western extremities of Hindmarsh Island ; around Meningie at south and of Lake Albert , at Salt Creek and Taratap (Ten Mile Point). Law professor Irene Watson wrote in

308-519: The Tanganekeld people consisted of some 22 bands . The Tanganekald were divided into the following clans : Tindale recorded and transcribed many Tanganekald songs from Milerum, several of them bawdy. One story cycle describes legends associated with the people the Tanganekald regarded as having lived in their land before their arrival. These people, the Thakuni, inhabited the lagoons around

330-477: The brig Maria were massacred by local people on the Coorong . The Tanganekald lay to the southeast of the Jarildekald (aka Yaralde ) and occupied 750 square miles (1,900 km ), predominantly about the narrow coastal strip along Coorong . Norman Tindale gives the following precise locations, based on detailed work with his informant, Clarence Long ( Milerum ), the last full blooded adult survivor of

352-433: The community. University of Adelaide linguist Robert Amery and his wife, Mary-Anne Gale, have helped to drive the project. The musical group Deadly Nannas (Nragi Muthar) have been writing and singing songs in Ngarrindjerri and English, and using them to help teach the language in schools and other venues. The Yaralde had the southernmost attested Australian Aboriginal sign language . The following words are from

374-519: The dictionary, again compiled by Gale and Williams, was published by AIATSIS in 2020. Hundreds of new words have been added, including words for items which did not exist in the 19th century, such as " solar panel ". In 2021 the first students of the first training course to be specially tailored to the teaching of Aboriginal language , run by Tauondi Aboriginal College in Port Adelaide , graduated, and are now able to pass on their skills to

396-516: The latter suspicious and, as she went blind, she thought of taking the child to harvest her eyes so she might regain her sight. While the grandmother was netting fish, Prupe managed to kidnap her young ward, who had revealed her presence by crying out for water, and took her back to her camp. When Koromarange realized what had happened, she followed their spoors and came across Prupe, who was about to extract Koakaŋgi's eyes. Feigning fatigue she asked her sister to fetch her some restorative water, giving her

418-474: The revival of both Ngarrindjeri and Kaurna . There were 312 speakers of Ngarrindjerri recorded in the 2016 Australian census . A second edition of the dictionary was published in 2019, with 500 additional words, bringing the total to 4,200. Ngarrindjeri elder Phyllis Williams has been collaborating with linguist Mary-Anne Gale for many years, teaching the language to adults and developing resources to aid language revival . The third, expanded edition of

440-472: The sea. There they were transmogrified either into jagged limestone boulders on the outer reefs, or became fairy penguins . According to Tanganekald belief, ancestral human-like beings, the Ŋurunderi and others, collectively referred to by the term maldawuli, were responsible, together with ŋaitje, (totemtotemic animals, consisting mostly of birds) for the creation of the landscape they now inhabit. One story in this sequence, whose events are associated with

462-433: The traditional Tanganekald landscape, leading one aged informant to grieve that, 'Our maldawuli (ancestors) told us, long, long ago, to 'beware of ants'. Whitemen must be the 'ants' he spoke of, for he has eaten away all my people, my herbs, my game, and even my sandhills.' Tanganekald , also known as Thangal, is one of several dialects of the Ngarrindjeri language , but is now extinct. According to Norman Tindale ,

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484-497: Was made between (a) teŋgi - the sandy grassed limestone slopes just back of the pandalapi (Coorong lagoon) where they fished and favoured for camping, as was the southern seaward side, the pariŋari , protected by the natunijuru , duned sandhills between them and the seashore ( jurli ) - and the inland mallee and swamps, known as lerami , which were good for hunting. The introduction of intensive pastoral practices, with sheep and cattle livestock, and rabbits, wrought havoc on

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