21-436: Teazle , teasle , teazel or teasel may refer to: Plants of the genus Dipsacus , including: Fuller's teazle , Dipsacus fullonum Sir Peter Teazle (1784 – 1811), a racehorse Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Teazle . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
42-438: A considerable risk to the average user but may be beneficial in certain circumstances. Ethanol extracts of Dipsacus asper contain phenolic acids including caffeic acid, 2,6-dihydroxycinnamic acid, vanillic acid, 2′-O-caffeoyl-D-glucopyranoside ester, and caffeoylquinic acid, iridoid glucosides, triterpenoids oleanic acid and akebiasaponin D. Leaf shape The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in
63-399: A description of a particular plant practically loses its value. Use of these terms is not restricted to leaves, but may be applied to morphology of other parts of plants, e.g. bracts , bracteoles , stipules , sepals , petals , carpels or scales . Some of these terms are also used for similar-looking anatomical features on animals. Leaves of most plants include a flat structure called
84-430: A head on the end of the stem(s). The inflorescence is ovoid, 4–10 centimetres (1.6–3.9 in) long and 3–5 centimetres (1.2–2.0 in) broad, with a basal whorl of spiny bracts . The first flowers begin opening in a belt around the middle of the spherical or oval flowerhead, and then open sequentially toward the top and bottom, forming two narrow belts as the flowering progresses. The dried head persists afterwards, with
105-399: A leaf. may be coarsely dentate , having large teeth or glandular dentate , having teeth which bear glands Leaves may also be folded, sculpted or rolled in various ways. If the leaves are initially folded in the bud, but later unrolls it is called vernation , ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud. The Latin word for 'leaf', folium , is neuter. In descriptions of
126-419: Is commonly used for plant identification. Similar terms are used for other plant parts, such as petals , tepals , and bracts . Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and are an easy characteristic to observe. Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of
147-645: Is considered an invasive species in the United States. It is known to form a monoculture, capable of crowding out all native plant species, and therefore is discouraged or eliminated within restored open lands and other conservation areas. Two moths useful for biological control were tested in Slovakia in 2003–2004, including the monophagous Endothenia gentianaeana , but the USDA has not approved either of them for introduction as of February 2018. Instead,
168-516: Is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "acuminate", "lanceolate", or "linear" could depend on individual judgement, or which part of the tree one collected them from. The same cautions might apply to "caudate", "cuspidate", and "mucronate", or to "crenate", "dentate", and "serrate". Another problem
189-535: Is to establish definitions that meet all cases or satisfy all authorities and readers. For example, it seems altogether reasonable to define a mucro as "a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib", but it may not be clear how small is small enough, how sharp is sharp enough, how hard the point must be, and what to call the point when one cannot tell whether the leaf has a midrib at all. Various authors or field workers might come to incompatible conclusions, or might try to compromise by qualifying terms so vaguely that
210-513: The USDA continues to suggest the use of herbicidal chemicals. As of June 2023 , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: Since Roman times, Fuller's teasel (the cultivar group Dipsacus fullonum Sativus Group; syn. D. sativus ) was widely used in textile processing, as it provides a natural comb for cleaning, aligning and raising the nap on fabrics, particularly wool (i.e. ' fulling '). The product of
231-429: The blade or lamina, but not all leaves are flat, some are cylindrical. Leaves may be simple, with a single leaf blade, or compound, with several leaflets . In flowering plants , as well as the blade of the leaf, there may be a petiole and stipules ; compound leaves may have a rachis supporting the leaflets. Leaf structure is described by several terms that include: Being one of the more visible features, leaf shape
SECTION 10
#1732771838560252-436: The cup-like formation made where sessile leaves merge at the stem. The name teasel derives from words such as Old English tǣsl , tǣsel ; relating to the verb "to tease" – the dried heads of the plant were once used in the textile industry to raise the nap on woolen cloth. Teasels are easily identified with their prickly stem and leaves, and the inflorescence of purple, dark pink, lavender or white flowers that form
273-685: The description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets ). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, and may be smooth or have hair, bristles, or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it
294-484: The family Caprifoliaceae . The members of this genus are known as teasel , teazel or teazle . The genus includes about 15 species of tall herbaceous biennial plants (rarely short-lived perennial plants ) growing to 1–2.5 metres (3.3–8.2 ft) tall. Dipsacus species are native to Europe , Asia and northern Africa . The genus name ( Dipsacus ) is derived from the Greek word for thirst ( dipsa ) and refers to
315-581: The function of preventing sap-sucking insects such as aphids from climbing the stem. These in turn may also be used to collect the nutrients from any animal matter that accumulates within them, making them a form of protocarnivorous plant . Contemporary attempts to replicate Darwin's experiments on the common teasel continue to fuel debate over whether or not Dipsacus is truly carnivorous. A 2011 study revealed increased seed production (but not height) dependent on both amount and nature of introduced animal supplementation, while 2019 experiments suggested that
336-548: The import of fuller's teasel for textile processing, and partly by the seed being a contaminant mixed with crop seeds. Common teasel ( Dipsacus fullonum ) and cut-leaved teasel ( Dipsacus laciniatus ) have both been observed as invasive species in the United States. Common is more widespread, but cut-leaved is more aggressive. Due to the chemical dipsacus saponin C , Dipsacus asper has medically significant procoagulant properties, likely due to an increase of intracellular calcium , and apoptosis of mitochondria . This presents
357-541: The increased seed set was a response to poor soil conditions rather than proof of proto-carnivory. The leaf shape is lanceolate, 20–40 centimetres (7.9–15.7 in) long and 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) broad, with a row of small spines on the underside of the midrib. The seeds are an important winter food resource for some birds , notably the European goldfinch . Teasels are often grown in gardens and encouraged on some nature reserves to attract them. Teasel
378-416: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teazle&oldid=979583228 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dipsacus See text Dipsacus is a genus of flowering plant in
399-477: The small (4–6-millimetre (0.16–0.24 in)) seeds maturing in mid autumn. In rainy weather, some seeds may germinate when still in the seedhead ( vivipary ). Carnivory in teasels was discussed by Francis Darwin (son of Charles Darwin ) in a paper held by the Royal Society . Rain water can collect in the cup-like receptacles that form where sessile leaves join the stem; this structure may perform
420-466: The teasel heads wear. However, some people who weave wool still prefer to use teasels for raising the nap, claiming that the result is better; in particular, if a teasel meets serious resistance in the fabric, it will break, whereas a metal tool will rip the cloth. Teasels are also occasionally grown as ornamental plants , and the dried heads are used in floristry . Teasels have been naturalised in many regions away from their native range, partly due to
441-456: The teasing process is called teased wool . The cultivar differs from the wild type in having stouter, somewhat recurved spines on the seed heads. The dried flower heads were attached to spindles, wheels, or cylinders, sometimes called teasel frames, to raise the nap on fabrics (that is, to tease the fibres). By the 20th century, teasels had been largely replaced by metal cards , which can be made uniformly and do not require constant replacement as
SECTION 20
#1732771838560#559440