88-479: DS Techeetah ( / t ə ˈ tʃ i t ə / , Chinese : DS钛麒 ; pinyin : DS tài qí ) was a Sino - French motor racing team under ownership of SECA - China Media Capital that competed in the electric racing series, Formula E . Team Aguri principal Aguri Suzuki announced he would leave the team in April 2016 as senior personnel entered "a period of consultation" over a future change in ownership. In
176-669: A 10-position double-penalty to his qualification result at the British Grand Prix , along with a €25,000 fine. This also proved to be his first race retirement in Formula One as he had finished consistently at the previous seven races on the schedule. Vergne would not score points again until the Belgian Grand Prix , but scored again four races later, at the Korean Grand Prix and then finally at
264-598: A DNF in both second races in New York and London, Both from contact. Vergne finished 6th in both races in Seoul which meant he finished the season in 4th with 144 points. In October 2022, it was announced that Vergne would be joining the newly formed DS Penske outfit alongside reigning champion Stoffel Vandoorne for the 2023 season . The season started out with disappointing rounds in Mexico City and Diriyah , with
352-555: A broken suspension two laps before the end of the race. He achieved his first podium in Long Beach , finishing second behind race winner Piquet. He finished third in the first race at the London ePrix , passing Piquet and Lucas di Grassi in the process. In the second race, he finished 16th after receiving a drive-through penalty. He ultimately finished seventh in the final championship standings, with 70 points. On 8 August 2015, it
440-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
528-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
616-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
704-549: A full-time drive for the 2015 Formula One season, he switched to the FIA Formula E Championship and signed for Andretti Autosport . Vergne made his debut in the third race of the season in Uruguay and secured pole position . Vergne was overtaken at the start by Nelson Piquet Jr. , and he retook the lead on lap 12. After the pit stops Vergne conceded the lead to Sébastien Buemi , but he attacked Buemi until retiring due to
792-610: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
880-573: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
968-470: A rain-affected race. In the European Grand Prix he turned into the car of Heikki Kovalainen from outside of the racing line during an overtake attempt, damaging both cars severely and scattering enough debris on the track that the safety car had to be deployed. After the race the stewards found that the accident had been avoidable and that Vergne had caused the accident. He would receive
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#17327936505101056-502: A record two Formula E Championship titles with Techeetah . Vergne became the 2017–18 ABB Formula E Champion, after clinching fifth in the New York ePrix in 2018, and he became the first Formula E driver to win two consecutive championships after his repeat success in the 2018–19 season . He competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso from 2012 to 2014, and was a Ferrari test and development driver from 2015 to 2016. He won
1144-612: A technical infringement. Vergne graduated to the series full-time in 2011 , switching from Tech 1 Racing to Carlin. After winning the second race at the Monza round in May, Vergne was given a time penalty and demoted to third place after he was adjudged to have cut a chicane in order to maintain the lead of the race. However, after an appeal by his Carlin team, the Italian Motorsports Commission (CSAI) overturned
1232-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
1320-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
1408-813: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
1496-623: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
1584-547: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
1672-518: The British Formula 3 Championship in 2010 and then finished runner up to teammate Robert Wickens in the 2011 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season . Jean-Éric Serge Raymond Vergne was born on 25 April 1990 in Pontoise , France. Vergne started competing in karting at age 4 at his dad's kart circuit near Paris . He entered his first competition in 2000 and became French champion in
1760-670: The Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
1848-738: The French Formula Renault Campus series which he won comfortably at the first attempt, taking ten podium places from thirteen races in the process. Vergne became a member of both the renowned Red Bull Junior Team and the French Automobile Sport Federation (FFSA), at the conclusion of the 2007 season. The following season , Vergne competed in both the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Renault 2.0 West European Cup championships for SG Formula . He finished sixth in
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#17327936505101936-604: The Indian Grand Prix to allow race drivers Jaime Alguersuari and Sébastien Buemi the maximum track time at the brand new circuit. Vergne was eleventh fastest during free practice at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix , less than 0.3 seconds off the pace of Alguersuari, who was in the other STR6. In November 2011, Vergne tested the title-winning Red Bull RB7 at the young driver test in Abu Dhabi , setting
2024-604: The Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy support series, fielding one car for the inaugural 2018–19 season with Stefan Rzadzinski behind the wheel. The team competed under the name TWR Techeetah and was part of the Pro class. The eTrophy entry included an arrangement with Ryan Walkinshaw to return his late father Tom 's TWR brand to international motorsport. A plain white livery was used during the first round in Ad Diriyah . Before
2112-586: The Paris ePrix , where Rzadzinski finished second. For the majority of the season, the TWR Techeetah team was consistently behind the likes of Jaguar Brazil Racing and Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing , whose drivers were regularly competing for wins. It was also the only team in the Pro class to not win a race during the season. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write
2200-607: The Singapore Grand Prix , Vergne was able to equal his best-ever Formula One result with a sixth-place finish after a late charge which saw him pass Nico Hülkenberg, Kimi Räikkönen and Valtteri Bottas in the last four laps of the race, despite two five-second time penalties. In Japan , Vergne finished 9th in worsening wet conditions despite starting 20th on the grid. At the Russian Grand Prix , he qualified ninth while Kvyat started fifth for his home race. At
2288-657: The Spa-Francorchamps round. This was enough to give him the title with six races remaining in the season. It was the third consecutive year that a driver from the Red Bull Junior Team had won the title with Carlin, following on from Jaime Alguersuari in 2008 and Daniel Ricciardo in 2009 . During the season, Vergne also contested the two main non-championship Formula Three races, the Masters of Formula 3 at Zandvoort , where he finished just off
2376-685: The "Dot" stroke : The traditional components ⺥ and 爫 become ⺈ : The traditional component 奐 becomes 奂 : Jean-%C3%89ric Vergne Jean-Éric Serge Raymond Vergne ( French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃.e.ʁik sɛʁʒ ʁe.mɔ̃ vɛʁɲ] ; born 25 April 1990), also known by his initials JEV , is a French racing driver , currently competing in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Peugeot and in Formula E for DS Penske . In formula racing , Vergne competed in Formula One from 2012 to 2014 , and has won
2464-459: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
2552-661: The "kids" (" Minimes ") category in 2001. Three years later, he became runner–up in the French Rotax Max championship. In 2005, he finished as runner-up in the ICA class of the European Championship, behind James Calado , with the highlight of his karting career coming the following year when he finished seventh in the premier KF1 World Championship , held at Angerville , another track near Paris. In 2007, Vergne moved up to single-seater racing, joining
2640-482: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
2728-520: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
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2816-405: The 2019/2020 season. Season six saw the largest end of season gap in both Drivers (71 points) and Teams (77 points). António Félix da Costa About Antonio's 2019/2020 Formula E season Wins: 4 (3 consecutive) Podiums: 9 (7 consecutive) Pole positions: 5 (consecutive) Fastest in qualifying groups: 4 Lap lead: 174 Jean-Éric Vergne Techeetah became the first Formula E team to join
2904-724: The 24th slot on the grid after the lights went out the next day, giving him his second DNF. Vergne again failed to score in London and finished the season in 10th with 80 points, 19 behind De Vries who won the championship. Vergne stayed with DS Techeetah for a sixth straight season. Vergne got 12 points from Diriyah and took 3rd in Mexico. His 2 poles were in the second race in Rome and Jakarta, finishing second in both to Mitch Evans and scored 2 more podium in Monaco and Berlin inbetween. Vergne had
2992-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
3080-654: The Drivers' Championship. The team got overtaken by Audi at the last second, missing out on Teams' Championship by only two points. In July 2018, Peugeot Sport with DS Automobiles -rebadged partnered with Techeetah and the team renamed to DS Techeetah. Techeetah switched powertrain from Renault to DS Automobiles powertrain, which also makes Techeetah a manufacturer team with its own DS E-TENSE. In October 2018, DS Techeetah introduced its new headquarters in Versailles . James Rossiter and Zhou Guanyu were announced as
3168-599: The Eurocup standings, taking nine points scoring positions in fourteen races, including a podium in the final race of the season at Barcelona . In the West European Cup, he took fourth place in the championship, scoring three podium places. In both series, he finished as the highest placed rookie driver, and in addition, he also won the French Formula Renault 2.0 title, which was awarded to
3256-552: The Frenchman only taking points in one of the three races. In an unexpected manner however, Vergne bounced back at the inaugural Hyderabad ePrix , where he scored his first victory of the season, defending from a hard-charging Nick Cassidy during the final sequence of laps. He would come close to the top in the next round in Cape Town , where an audacious overtake from former teammate Felix da Costa relegated Vergne to second by
3344-1031: The LMP2 class. In 2018, Vergne signed a partnership with Veloce Esports . They became the co-founders of Veloce Racing , a racing team currently part of Extreme E . Vergne plays the piano. In addition to his native French , Vergne also speaks English , Spanish , and Italian . He considers André Lotterer , his teammate from 2017 to 2019, a close friend. Season still in progress. ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Driver did not finish
3432-687: The Marussia and Caterham while his rookie teammate Kvyat finished tenth. Vergne then retired again in the following race in Bahrain . At the Chinese Grand Prix , Vergne qualified in ninth while Kvyat qualified 13th in the wet conditions. Vergne again had a poor start and finished in 12th place while Kvyat scored again in tenth place. As the calendar moved to Europe for the Spanish Grand Prix , Vergne's luck did not improve. A wheel
3520-587: The acquisition of Team Aguri in 2016. In July 2016, Jean-Éric Vergne and Qinghua Ma (who competed with Team Aguri in the final rounds of the previous season prior to CMC's takeover) were confirmed as the team's drivers. With Renault providing powertrains for Techeetah's debut season , Vergne scored the team's maiden podium with a second place at the Buenos Aires ePrix . In March 2017, Techeetah announced former F1 driver Esteban Gutiérrez would replace Ma from round four onwards. However, after Gutiérrez left
3608-520: The best French driver in the West European Cup standings. For 2009 , Vergne remained in both championships with SG Formula. He finished second behind Spain 's Albert Costa in both the Eurocup , and the WEC. 2010 saw Vergne move to the British Formula 3 Championship , competing for multiple champions Carlin . He took 12 victories from the first 24 races, including a clean sweep of three victories at
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3696-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
3784-530: The checkered flag. Vergne continued his relationship with DS Penske for the 2023–24 season alongside Stoffel Vandoorne once again. He finished 6th in the first race in Mexico, and became the second driver in history to score 1000 points. After a 7th place finish at Misano , he broke the record for the most points scored in Formula E, previously held by di Grassi. Having setting pole positions for Diriyah race 1, Shanghai race 2 and Portland race 2, he broke
3872-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
3960-473: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
4048-498: The development drivers for Techeetah the 2018/2019 season. Techeetah's other line-up remained unchanged for the 2018–19 season. After the first race in New York City , Jean-Éric Vergne secured enough points to become the Drivers' Champion, winning his second Formula E championship. Techeetah won their first ever team championship in Formula E. Lotterer subsequently left the team, switching to Porsche . In September 2019, it
4136-476: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
4224-479: The fastest lap time on all three days. On 14 December 2011, it was officially confirmed that Vergne would race for Toro Rosso in the 2012 season, alongside fellow Red Bull Junior Team member Daniel Ricciardo . After qualifying and finishing in eleventh place at the season-opening Australian Grand Prix , Vergne scored his first World Championship points at the following race in Malaysia by finishing eighth in
4312-608: The fifth time in eight races, after finishing the previous race in Canada in eighth place. In the following race at Silverstone , Vergne was able to get in to Q3 for the 6th time, finishing the race in 10th. In Hungary, Vergne qualified eighth in changing conditions, but in the race he managed to get as high as second after pitting after a safety car; he held position in front of a battle which included Nico Rosberg , Sebastian Vettel and Lewis Hamilton . However, after his second stop he dropped back to eventually finish in ninth place. At
4400-634: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
4488-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
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#17327936505104576-414: The following day, in the race. The rest of the season was a nightmare with a highest finish of 12th with three retirements, finishing the final race in 15th place and 15th in the standings with a total of 13 points while Daniel Ricciardo outshone him to earn 20 points. It was announced in 2013 that Vergne would drive again for Toro Rosso alongside rookie, 19-year-old Daniil Kvyat , who replaced Ricciardo at
4664-475: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
4752-511: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
4840-586: The fourth different driver's champion in four seasons. For the 2018–19 season Vergne stayed with Techeetah and won 3 races in Sanya , Monaco and Bern . He also became champion for the second year in a row, becoming Formula E 's first repeat champion. It was announced that in the 2019–20 season , Vergne would be racing alongside António Félix da Costa , who would replace the TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team bound André Lotterer (who
4928-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
5016-465: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
5104-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
5192-531: The penalty and reinstated Vergne to the victory. Going into the final round of the season in Barcelona, Vergne trailed series leader and teammate Robert Wickens by two points, having taken five race victories including a double win at the Hungaroring . In the final race of the season, Wickens and Vergne collided on the opening lap, sending Wickens into retirement. Although Vergne was able to continue, he
5280-732: The podium in fourth, and the Macau Grand Prix where he finished in seventh position. On both occasions he was also the highest placed finisher from the British series. In May 2010, Vergne was signed by Tech 1 Racing to contest the opening GP3 Series round in Barcelona . He was replaced by countryman Jim Pla for the next round in Turkey as it clashed dates with the British Formula 3 event at Hockenheim , but returned to
5368-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
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#17327936505105456-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
5544-523: The record for most pole positions in Formula E held by Sebastien Buemi. Once again, he remained with DS Penske for the 2024–25 season alongside his new partner Maximilian Günther . Vergne signed with the Peugeot Sport factory team to compete at the 2022 FIA World Endurance Championship at the Hypercar class, having previously raced with CEFC Manor TRS Racing and G-Drive Racing at
5632-481: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
5720-587: The season in round four. He would ultimately finish third in the championship standings, just one point behind Stoffel Vandoorne . Vergne remained with DS Techeetah for the 2020-21 season . Vergne failed to score in Diriyah and won the first race in Rome, leaving Italy with 25 points after 4 races. Vergne failed to finish in the first race in Puebla after being squeezed into the wall after activating attack mode. Vergne took second in New York on day 1 but remained in
5808-412: The season with tenth place in Malaysia , despite contact with the Caterham of Charles Pic . Vergne did not score points again until the Monaco Grand Prix , where he finished the race in eighth place, matching the best result of his career. Vergne had the best qualifying of his career for the Canadian Grand Prix , when he qualified seventh on the grid, before going on to take a career best finish of sixth
5896-416: The season-ending race, the Brazilian Grand Prix . Vergne finished the season in 17th in the Drivers' Championship with 16 points, the total being accrued with four eighth-place finishes. Despite not scoring points as frequently as Daniel Ricciardo , he finished the season ahead of Ricciardo. Vergne started the season with a twelfth-place finish at the Australian Grand Prix , before taking his first point of
5984-408: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
6072-426: The second round in Mexico City , a retro Silk Cut -based livery was introduced, which has been in use ever since. Rzadzinski's deal with the team came to end before the Berlin ePrix . Former Panasonic Jaguar Racing driver and 2008–09 A1GP champion Adam Carroll was announced as his replacement. The team, however, completely withdrew from the following round held in New York City . The team's best result came at
6160-433: The start of the race, Vergne climbed to fifth and pulled a move around the outside of Kevin Magnussen at turn three on the third lap. However, Vergne slowly dropped back, finishing 13th, directly ahead of Kvyat. In August, Red Bull announced that Kvyat would be joined in the Toro Rosso team by Max Verstappen for 2015 , leaving Vergne without a drive for the 2015 season. However, after Sebastian Vettel left Red Bull, it
6248-455: The team after only three races after being given an opportunity with Dale Coyne Racing to compete in the IndyCar Series , the team then signed Stéphane Sarrazin to compete with the team for the remainder of the season. Techeetah signed André Lotterer to partner Vergne for its second season in the series. Vergne was supremely consistent over the whole course of the season, finishing on points in every race, accumulating 198 points and winning
6336-580: The team for the following round in Valencia . However, in early July it was announced that Daniel Juncadella would take Vergne's seat at the team for the remainder of the season. Along with his Formula Three campaign, Vergne had been due to compete in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for SG Formula . However, SG Formula pulled out a week before the first race, meaning that Vergne could concentrate on his Formula Three campaign. In July 2010, it
6424-603: The team later confirming that he would drive the Toro Rosso STR5 for both days of the test. On the first day of the test he set the seventh fastest time with a lap of 1:42.489, completing 93 laps in the process. On the second day of the test, Vergne finished ninth fastest with a lap time of 1:40.974, just 0.030 seconds behind the Williams of new GP2 champion Pastor Maldonado . As well as suffering an engine-related issue which limited his running, he also had to leave
6512-463: The team's first win at the 2016–17 season finale in Montréal. Vergne was confirmed to continue with the team in the 2017–18 season . He scored his second win at the 2018 Santiago ePrix, and achieved his third win in his Formula E career at the 2018 Punta del Este ePrix. After stringing together a consistent run of points finishes, Vergne clinched the title with a race to spare in New York, becoming
6600-460: The team. Vergne qualified well in the season opener in Australia in sixth place beating champions Kimi Räikkönen , Sebastian Vettel and Jenson Button and he finished the race just ahead of his teammate in ninth, however after Daniel Ricciardo was disqualified, he moved up to eighth place. In Malaysia he qualified ninth but did not finish the race after getting a poor start and colliding with
6688-430: The test early to travel to Macau for the end-of-season Formula Three race. In August 2011, during the Belgian Grand Prix weekend, it was confirmed that Vergne would participate in selected first practice sessions later in the season for Toro Rosso, with the team later confirming that he would take part in three of the final four race weekends, beginning at the Korean Grand Prix . He did not take part in practice at
6776-497: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
6864-833: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
6952-522: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
7040-405: The week before the 2016 London ePrix , the Chinese public equity and venture capital firm China Media Capital announced its purchase of Team Aguri and established a new entity named Techeetah in its place. Senior personnel from Team Aguri, including team principal Mark Preston , retained their jobs with Techeetah, and the cars ran a custom Renault powertrain. The team entered the sport following
7128-464: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
7216-426: Was announced that António Félix da Costa would replace Lotterer in the team (as he had departed for the new Porsche Formula E Team ). Vergne was set to continue with the team as he signed a long-term contract back in 2018. In the 2021-2022 season DS Techeetah was registered as a French team, though the ownership were still under SECA and China Media Capital. DS Techeetah has earned various record results following
7304-569: Was announced that Kvyat would replace him, leaving a possible seat for Vergne at Toro Rosso for 2015. On 26 November 2014 however, Vergne announced that he would be leaving Toro Rosso for 2015, and Carlos Sainz Jr would replace him. On 19 December 2014, it was announced that Vergne would join Ferrari in 2015, as test and development driver particularly in respect of simulator work. He left Ferrari in February 2017. After being unable to secure
7392-467: Was announced that Vergne would join the DS Virgin Racing team for the 2015–16 Formula E season , partnering Sam Bird . Vergne struggled to compete with Bird and finished ninth in the championship. In July 2016, it was announced Vergne would compete with the newly formed Techeetah , following their acquisition of Team Aguri . Vergne went on to score the first podiums, fastest lap award and
7480-401: Was announced that Vergne would replace Brendon Hartley at Tech 1 Racing for the final three events of the season after Hartley was released by the Red Bull Junior Team. Despite only taking part in those meetings, Vergne finished 8th in the championship with four podium places, including his first series win at Silverstone after original race winner Esteban Guerrieri was disqualified for
7568-626: Was his teammate from 2017 to 2019). After two points finishes and two retirements, Vergne scored his first podium finish in Marrakesh despite missing FP1 due to a fever. Super GT and Super Formula veteran James Rossiter took his place during FP1. After a brief hiatus to the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic , Vergne scored two podium finishes in two of the six rounds in the Berlin , finishing third in round three, and scoring his first victory of
7656-658: Was later taken out of the race by Mofaz Racing 's Fairuz Fauzy , handing the title to Wickens by just nine points. Vergne had his first outing in a Formula One car at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in July 2010, driving a Red Bull RB5 . In September 2010, it was announced that he would drive for Toro Rosso in the post-season young driver test to be held at the Yas Marina Circuit in November, with
7744-666: Was not properly fitted in Friday practice ending his session early and earning him a 10 place grid penalty. As a result, he started from 21st position, only ahead of Pastor Maldonado who crashed in Q1. Vergne got off to a decent start getting through the Marussias and Caterhams while pulling away from Maldonado, but he retired for the third time in five races due to technical problems. At the Austrian Grand Prix , Vergne retired for
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