Misplaced Pages

#125874

48-468: The first European settlements occurred around 1640, by colonists from Zeeland . After a landslide destroyed their original settlement, these settlers established a village in The Bottom. The original name of the village was De Botte , old Dutch for "The Bowl", referring to its geographical position in a valley surrounded by the various mountains. "The Bottom" is an English corruption of this name. After

96-530: A Fort Zeelandia , the former Fort Willoughby during British colonization. Fort Zeelandia was a fortress built over ten years from 1624 to 1634 by the Dutch East India Company , in the town of Anping (Tainan) on the island of Formosa , present day Taiwan , during their 38-year rule over the western part of it. Zeelandic Zeelandic ( Zeeuws : Zeêuws ; Dutch : Zeeuws [zeːu̯s] ; West Flemish : Zêeuws )

144-407: A lesser extent, Terneuzen , Zeelandic dialect is being mostly replaced by Standard Dutch, although elderly people and people from surrounding rural areas can often still speak Zeelandic. There are clear differences between Zeelandic and Hollandic , Brabantine and East-Flemish dialects, but there is more of a dialect continuum with West-Flemish language varieties. The dialects spoken more towards

192-583: A library, the Queen's Hotel resort, and various shops, restaurants, and bars. The Bottom is also the location of the Saba University School of Medicine . The city also has the smallest Cruyff Court in the world As capital of the island, The Bottom hosts a number of events throughout the year. During the summer, the island's Carnival celebration (called Saba Carnival or Saba Summer Festival) takes place. Usually in late July, Saba Carnival

240-443: A village roughly on the middle of the island, can use widely different words for something than speakers from Sint-Maartensdijk do, which lies only 5 km to the west of Poortvliet . Zeelandic is strongly associated with the rural population, as it is spoken mainly in the countryside. The town dialects of Middelburg and Vlissingen are both much closer to Hollandic than the rural variants and are almost extinct. Surveys held in

288-584: Is a group of language varieties spoken in the southwestern parts of the Netherlands. It is currently considered a Low Franconian dialect of Dutch , but there have been movements to promote the status of Zeelandic from a dialect of Dutch to a separate regional language, which have been denied by the Dutch Ministry of Internal Affairs . More specifically, it is spoken in the southernmost part of South Holland ( Goeree-Overflakkee ) and large parts of

336-411: Is a large river delta situated at the mouth of several major rivers, namely Scheldt ('Schelde'), Rhine ('Rijn') and Meuse ('Maas'). Most of the province lies below sea level and was reclaimed from the sea by inhabitants over time. What used to be a muddy landscape, flooding at high tide and reappearing at low tide, became a series of small man-made hills that stayed dry at all times. The people of

384-601: Is a weeklong festival that includes live music, food, dancing, games, and parades. Carnival Village, where the majority of the events take place, is located in The Bottom. Each night during the week, there is live music at Carnival Village. The jourvert parade (very early Saturday morning) begins in Windwardside and ends in The Bottom. The Grand Parade and the Second Parade take place in The Bottom on Saturday and Sunday. Locals and tourists congregate in The Bottom for

432-399: Is an important economic activity. In the summer, its beaches make it a popular destination for tourists, especially German tourists. In some areas, the population can be two to four times higher during the high summer season. The coat of arms of Zeeland shows a lion half-emerged from water, and the text luctor et emergo ( Latin for "I struggle and emerge"). The country of New Zealand

480-533: Is in the other part, western North Brabant , and enlarged further in 1955, gaining territory from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Haarlem–Amsterdam . The States of Zeeland is the provincial council of Zeeland. As of the 2023 provincial election , the governing coalition consists of the BBB , SGP , CDA , and VVD , with 23 of 39 seats. The Provincial executive ( Gedeputeerde Staten ) of Zeeland

528-558: Is one passenger railway line, running from Flushing to Roosendaal. It serves the following stations in Zeeland: Bus lines in Zeeland include: Nehalennia is a mythological goddess of an ancient religion known around the province of Zeeland. Her worship dates back at least to the 2nd century BC, and flourished in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. She was possibly a regional god, either Celtic or pre- Germanic – but sources differ on

SECTION 10

#1732786721126

576-477: Is still spoken on the island of Goeree-Overflakkee . Traditionally, the Zeelandic language area also extended further north to the island Voorne-Putten , but the dialect has mostly disappeared from that area due to migration from urban areas such as Rotterdam . In urban areas in Zeeland, the dialect is in decline due to migration from other areas in the Netherlands. In Vlissingen , Goes , Middelburg and, to

624-519: Is the executive branch of the province, which consists of several ministers and the King's commissioner of Zeeland. Han Polman ( D66 ) has been the commissioner since 2013. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 13.6 billion € in 2018, accounting for 1.8% of the Netherlands economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €30,900, or 102% of the EU27 average that year. There

672-514: Is the location of many trailheads. [REDACTED] Media related to The Bottom at Wikimedia Commons Zeeland Zeeland ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzeːlɑnt] ; Zeelandic : Zeêland , [ˈzɪəlɑnt] ), historically known in English by the exonym Zealand , is the westernmost and least populous province of the Netherlands . The province, located in

720-455: The Antillian island of Tobago , were both named after parts of Zeeland. The Canadian town of Zealand, New Brunswick , was named for the Zeeland birthplace of Dutchman Philip Crouse who settled in the area in 1789. Zeeland, North Dakota is another town named for this province and whose earliest settlers were of Dutch heritage. Paramaribo , the capital and largest city of Suriname , has

768-545: The Western Scheldt Tunnel was opened. It was the first solid connection between both banks of the Western Scheldt and ended the era of water separating the islands and peninsulas of Zeeland. Zeeland consists of several islands and peninsulas. These are, from north to south, Schouwen-Duiveland , Tholen , Noord-Beveland , Walcheren and Zuid-Beveland . It also includes a strip of land bordering

816-399: The 1990s found that at least 60% of Zeeland's population still use Zeelandic as their everyday language. An estimated 250,000 people speak Zeelandic as a mother tongue (West Zeelandic Flemish is included in that count), and although it is in decline, just as other regional languages, it is in no direct danger of extinction since in some villages with strong isolated communities, more than 90% of

864-484: The 19th century. Most women engaged in domestic work in the home, as well as hatmaking and local drawn thread work known as Saba Lace . By 1900, The Bottom was one of four main villages on Saba, along with St. John's, Windwardside, and Hell's Gate. In 1909, a navigation school opened in The Bottom; it operated until 1922. In 1919, construction began on the Weselyan Holiness Church in The Bottom;

912-556: The Belgian region of Flanders , the Zeelandic Flanders . The province of Zeeland has 13 municipalities : The largest cities are: Middelburg with 42,000 inhabitants; Vlissingen with 34,000; Goes with 28,000; and Terneuzen with 25,000. As of 1 January 2023, Zeeland had a population of 391,124 and a population density of 220/km (570/sq mi). It is the least populous and the 3rd least densely populated province of

960-651: The Count of Holland as well as the Count of Flanders , and the area was exposed to influence from both directions. The dialects clearly show a gradual increase of Hollandic elements as one goes northwards. However, Zeelandic is fairly coherent with clear borders, as the broad sea arms form strong isoglosses . The name Zeeuws is an old Zeelandic word that has been attested since the Middle Ages . An early citation by Jacob van Maerlant in his description of Sint-Francis goes as follows: The name Zeeuws has been in use for

1008-463: The Dutch settlers, Irish, English, and Scottish settlers followed, along with enslaved Africans, and the main language of the island's villages became English. By the 1860s, The Bottom was one of 7 main districts, with St. John's , Windwardside , Booby Hill, Mary's Point (Palmetto Point), Hell's Gate , and Middle Island. The Bottom district had its own elected head, as did the other districts. In 1865,

SECTION 20

#1732786721126

1056-596: The Netherlands in its Golden Age were Holland and Zeeland, and the Dutch explorers originally named the largest landmass of Oceania and the two islands to the southeast Nieuw Holland and Nieuw Zeeland, respectively. The former was eventually replaced by the name Australia, but the name New Zealand remained in place for the latter. Captain James Cook of Britain later anglicised the name to New Zealand and, after British settlers arrived in New Zealand, English became

1104-420: The Netherlands. Religion in Zeeland (2015) Zeeland is more religious than the Netherlands as a whole, with over 53% being religious. The Dutch Bible Belt runs through Zeeland. Zeelandic Flanders is more religious (58.5%) than the rest of Zeeland (51.6%). Among the religious population, Reformed Christianity (Calvinism) is dominant. About 16% of residents are Roman Catholic . After being long part of

1152-411: The church is still operational today. In 1923, Queen Wilhemina Library opened in The Bottom; the library is still operational today. Saba's first movie theater opened in 1953, and its second in 1964. In the early- to mid- 20th century, there was extensive emigration from Saba, and The Bottom's population was cut almost in half. By 1972, the population of The Bottom had decreased to 341 inhabitants. In

1200-723: The culture that first worshipped her. During the Roman era , her main function appeared to be the protection of travelers, especially seagoing travelers crossing the North Sea . Most of what is known about her mythology comes from the remains of carved stone offerings ( votives ) which have been dredged up from the Oosterschelde (Eastern Scheldt) since 1870. Two more Nehalennia offering stones have also been found in Cologne , Germany. Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant and BN/De Stem are

1248-576: The dialects spoken in Voorne-Putten , Hoeksche Waard and Rotterdam . There is hardly any dialectal influence from Zeelandic in the neighbouring Brabantine dialects, however, with the exception of the neighbouring villages of Oud-Vossemeer in Tholen and Nieuw-Vossemeer in North-Brabant . Zeelandic still has three grammatical genders and the final schwa of feminine words. It has kept

1296-482: The differences (the orthography is Dutch): The province of Zeeland consists of several former islands that were difficult to reach until well into the 20th century. As a result, there is roughly one dialect per island. The respective dialects differ clearly but only slightly. The Goeree-Overflakkee dialect, for example, does not drop the h , and the Walcheren and Zuid-Beveland dialects have umlauted words, unlike

1344-454: The face of the province. The infrastructure, although very distinct by the number of bridges, tunnels and dams, has not shaped the geography of the province so much as the geography of the province has shaped its infrastructure. The dams, tunnels and bridges that are currently a vital part of the province's road system were constructed over the span of decades and came to replace old ferry lines. The final touch to this process came in 2003 when

1392-933: The fate of the Northern part of The Netherlands. In 1432, it became part of the Low Countries possessions of Philip the Good of Burgundy , the later Seventeen Provinces . Through marriage, the Seventeen Provinces became the property of the Habsburgs in 1477. In the Eighty Years' War , Zeeland was on the side of the Union of Utrecht , and became one of the United Provinces . The area now called Zeeuws-Vlaanderen (or Zeelandic Flanders )

1440-519: The language spoken in Zeeland ever since, but in addition to this there are various other names. Speakers often refer to their dialect with the name of their own area, such as Walchers for Walcheren or Plat Axels for Zeelandic-Flanders (named after the town of Axel , but also used in other towns in this region to distinguish it from the West-Zeelandic-Flemish dialects spoken in the region surrounding Breskens ), or sometimes with

1488-416: The largest municipality in Zeeland is Terneuzen (population 54,589). Zeeland has two seaports : Vlissingen and Terneuzen. Its area is 2,933 square kilometres (1,132 sq mi), of which 1,154 square kilometres (446 sq mi) is water; it had a population of about 391,000 as of January 2023. Large parts of Zeeland are below sea level. The last great flooding of the area was in 1953 . Tourism

The Bottom - Misplaced Pages Continue

1536-582: The main language. The city of Zeeland in the US state of Michigan was settled in 1847 by Dutchman Jannes van de Luyster and was incorporated in 1907. Flushing , a neighborhood within the borough of Queens , New York, is named after the city Flushing (Vlissingen in Dutch) in Zeeland. This dates from the period of the colony of New Netherland , when New York was still known as New Amsterdam . The Dutch colonies of Nieuw Walcheren and Nieuw Vlissingen , both on

1584-415: The mid- to late- 20th century, there was economic development on Saba, and especially in The Bottom and Windwardside. The first supermarket opened in The Bottom in 1964. In 1992, the Saba University School of Medicine opened in The Bottom. In 2001, the population of Windwardside was 462 inhabitants. The Bottom is home to the government offices, a hospital , a nursing home , a sports field, three churches,

1632-440: The monophthongs [i] and [y] for ij and ui , rather than breaking them into [ɛi] and [œy] . It usually umlauts [aː] into [ɛː] and renders the old Germanic [ai] and [au] as falling diphthongs ( [ɪə ~ ɪɐ ~ iɐ] and [ʊə ~ ʊɐ ~ uɐ] , respectively, with the exact realisation depending on the dialect. Standard Dutch has merged them with etymological [eː] and [oː] . Finally, Zeelandic drops [h] . This table illustrates

1680-596: The name of their own village, such as Wasschappels for Westkapelle . This practice stems from the idea that each village has their own dialect, which is markedly different even from the dialect in the adjacent village, and that there is no such thing as one homogenous Zeelandic dialect or language. There is a large amount of resistance specifically in Goeree-Overflakkee against calling the local dialect Zeelandic, due to historical animosity between this region which belongs to South Holland , and Zeeland proper. In

1728-422: The northern dialects (for example: beuter [bøtər] as opposed to boter [botər] . Within the island dialects themselves, dialectal differences also exist, and native speakers can frequently tell the village (at least on their own island) a person is from by the specific dialect that is spoken, even if the differences are inaudible to outsiders. For example, within the Tholen dialect, speakers from Poortvliet ,

1776-600: The parades, which include energetic music, colorful floats , and troupes wearing colorful costumes. Another event held in The Bottom is Saba Day . This is the celebratory national day of the island, when all offices, schools and businesses are closed. The islanders honour their diversity and culture through various activities, performances and parades. The Bottom hosts a concert at the sports field, where local (and neighbouring) Caribbean artists come to perform. There are fishing competitions at sea, drawing competitions for children, dance performances, cookouts, and more. The Bottom

1824-545: The past, Zeelandic was also called boers (farmer-like), in contrast to Standard Dutch which was known as op z'n burgers (like civilians, like the bourgeoisie), but this nomenclature has fallen out of fashion in recent times. The word plat , which is also used in other dialects to refer to any non-Standard-Dutch dialect, is also frequently used in Zeeland. Zeelandic is spoken in most areas in Zeeland province, excluding East-Zeelandic-Flanders where, traditionally, more East-Flemish dialects are spoken. North of Zeeland, Zeelandic

1872-409: The population of The Bottom was 616 inhabitants. In 1877, construction of Sacred Heart Catholic Church began in The Bottom; the church is still operational today, although the building was replaced in 1909 and again in 1934. Throughout the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, most men in The Bottom engaged in farming or fishing. They also engaged in shipbuilding, which was one of Saba's industries in

1920-406: The province of Zeeland , with the notable exception of eastern Zeelandic Flanders . It has notable differences from Standard Dutch mainly in pronunciation but also in grammar and vocabulary , which separates it clearly from Standard Dutch. This makes mutual intelligibility with speakers of Standard Dutch difficult. In the Middle Ages and the early modern period , Zeeland was claimed by

1968-480: The province would later connect the hills by creating dikes , which led to a chain of dry land that later grew into bigger islands and gave the province its current shape. The shape of the islands has changed over time at the hands of both people and nature. The North Sea flood of 1953 inundated vast amounts of land that were only partially reclaimed. The subsequent construction of the Delta Works also changed

The Bottom - Misplaced Pages Continue

2016-541: The regional daily newspapers in the province. The first westerners to sight New Zealand were captained by Dutch navigator Abel Tasman in 1642, although he did not land there. Tasman named it Staten Landt , believing it to be part of the land of that name off the coast of Argentina that is now known as Isla de los Estados . When that was shown not to be so, Dutch authorities named it Nova Zeelandia in Latin , Nieuw Zeeland in Dutch. The two major seafaring provinces of

2064-459: The southwest of the country, borders North Brabant to the east, South Holland to the north, as well as the country of Belgium to the south and west. It consists of a number of islands and peninsulas (hence its name, meaning "Sealand") and a strip bordering the Flemish provinces of East and West Flanders . Its capital is Middelburg with a population of 48,544 as of November 2019, although

2112-538: The vast Franco-Flemish Roman Catholic Diocese of Cambrai , Zeeland got its own bishopric, the Diocese of Middelburg , on 5 December 1559, which was suppressed in 1603, its territory being merged into the Apostolic Vicariate of Batavia , only to be 'restored' on 22 March 1803 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Breda , which was promoted to the present large (yet counting few faithful) Diocese of Breda, whose See

2160-490: The western coastal region of Zeelandic-Flanders, locally referred to as Bressiaans , resemble the West-Flemish dialects spoken across the border more than the dialects spoken around Terneuzen and Axel, which preserve more Zeelandic features while also exhibiting West-Flemish features. Although these similarities are greater than those between Zeelandic and Hollandic dialects, there are some minor dialectal influences in

2208-462: Was named after Zeeland after it was sighted by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman . Zeeland was a contested area between the counts of Holland and Flanders until 1299, when the last count of Holland died. The Counts of Hainaut then gained control of the County of Zeeland , followed by the counts of Bavaria , Burgundy , and Habsburg . After 1585, Zeeland followed, as one of the 7 independent provinces,

2256-607: Was not part of Zeeland, but a part of the county of Flanders (still under Habsburg control) that was conquered by the United Provinces, hence called Staats-Vlaanderen (see: Generality Lands ). After the French occupation (see département Bouches-de-l'Escaut ) and the formation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, the present province Zeeland was formed. During World War II, Zeeland

2304-682: Was occupied by Nazi Germany between June 1940 and November 1944. In 1944, Zeeland was devastated by the Battle of the Scheldt and the Walcheren Landings , which brought about the Inundation of Walcheren , between British and Canadian forces, and the occupying Germans. The catastrophic North Sea flood of 1953 , which killed over 1800 people in Zeeland, led to the construction of the protective Delta Works . The province of Zeeland

#125874