55-503: The Illustrated London News , founded by Herbert Ingram and first published on Saturday 14 May 1842, was the world's first illustrated weekly news magazine . The magazine was published weekly for most of its existence, switched to a less frequent publication schedule in 1971, and eventually ceased publication in 2003. The company continues today as Illustrated London News Ltd, a publishing, content, and digital agency in London, which holds
110-527: A competing magazine, The Spear , which appeared two days before The Sphere on 25 January 1900. The name was deliberately chosen to confuse and siphon off readers, and advertisements for The Sphere emphasised the difference between the magazines: "S-P-H-E-R-E… you may be offered something else you don't want." While editor of the ILN , Clement Shorter had been instrumental in the establishment and publication of The Sketch . In 1903, he established The Tatler as
165-422: A director and manager. Control passed to Ingram's widow Ann, and his friend Sir Edward William Watkin , who managed the business for 12 years. Once Ingram's two younger sons, William and Charles, were old enough, they took over as managing directors, although William took the lead. This was also a period of expansion and increased competition for the ILN . As reading habits and the illustrated news market changed,
220-491: A disavowal of the unconquerable aversion to the name of Party." However, this may have been no more than a desire to gain the widest possible readership, because as time progressed, the paper displayed its Whig inclination. It showed moderation and caution in its reportage and this extended to that of the Irish Famine , which was largely sympathetic, even if not quite able to denounce the inadequacy of government policy or
275-488: A management buy-out, and was re-established as Illustrated London News Ltd. From 2007, it has continued its activity as an independent content and creative agency. In 2007, the former Orient Express magazine was relaunched as Sphere , a luxury lifestyle and travel magazine. In addition to its independent publications, Illustrated London News Ltd now acts as a content agency for various other luxury and heritage organisations. Illustrated London News Ltd also manages and curates
330-525: A move that was met with rejoicing and brass bands when the taps were turned on for the first time. In 1860, Ingram went to the US with his eldest son to obtain material for The Illustrated London News . On 8 September, they were aboard the Lady Elgin on Lake Michigan when the ship was sunk after colliding with another vessel. Herbert Ingram, his son, and hundreds of other passengers were drowned. Herbert
385-460: A newsagent, he noticed that when newspapers included woodcuts, their sales increased. He concluded that making a good profit would be possible from a magazine that included a large number of illustrations. However, a while was needed before he could put this theory into practice. The newsagent business failed to make much progress until Ingram purchased the rights to a laxative known as Parr's Life Pills. The profits from marketing these pills provided
440-427: A similar sister publication for The Sphere , with a similar focus on illustrated culture and society news. With the departure of Shorter, the role of editor of the ILN was taken over by Bruce Ingram, the 23-year-old grandson of the paper's founder. Bruce Ingram was editor of The Illustrated London News and (from 1905) The Sketch , and ran the company for the next 63 years, presiding over some significant changes in
495-423: A subordinate role in the business and parted on bad terms around 1854. The departure of William Little was in 1858. In addition to providing a loan of £10,000, he was the printer and publisher of the paper for 15 years. Little's relationship with Ingram deteriorated over Ingram's harassment of their mutual sister-in-law. Herbert Ingram died on 8 September 1860 in a paddle-steamer accident on Lake Michigan , and he
550-649: A week. High prices were charged for advertisements, and Ingram was soon making £12,000 a year from this publishing venture. Encouraged by the success of The Illustrated London News , Ingram decided in 1848 to start a daily newspaper, the London Telegraph . When Andrew Spottiswoode started a rival paper, the Pictorial Times , Ingram purchased it and merged it with the Illustrated London News . In 1855, Ingram took over another rival,
605-545: A weekly newspaper that would contain pictures in every edition. Ingram rented an office, recruited artists and reporters, and employed as his editor Frederick William Naylor Bayley (1808–1853), formerly editor of the National Omnibus . The first issue of The Illustrated London News appeared on Saturday, 14 May 1842, timed to report on the young Queen Victoria 's first masquerade ball. The 16 pages and 32 wood engravings of that first edition covered topics such as
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#1732765091181660-579: Is held by Gale Primary Sources . TheGenealogist has a full collection online available from 1842 to 1879 and a number of issues from 1890. The original woodblocks of the first issue are held by the Victoria and Albert Museum , London. In Jules Verne 's fictional Around the World in Eighty Days , The Illustrated London News is referenced as reporting extensively on Phileas Fogg's travel around
715-531: The Duke of Wellington in 1852 sold between 150,000 and 250,000 copies, according to various accounts. Illustrations came from all corners of the globe. By 1855, Ingram was using colour and had artists in Great Britain and continental Europe racing to the scene of stories to capture the drama in print. The Crimean War caused a further boost to sales. By 1863, after Ingram's death, The Illustrated London News
770-582: The House of Commons in three periods between 1878 and 1895. Ingram was the son of Herbert Ingram and his wife Ann Little, daughter of William Little, of the Manor House, Eye , Northamptonshire. His father was the founder of The Illustrated London News , and had also been MP for Boston in Lincolnshire . Ingram was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Cambridge . He was admitted at
825-504: The ILN appeared in 1869, with the establishment of The Graphic , a weekly illustrated paper co-founded by William Luson Thomas . Thomas was a former wood engraver for The Illustrated London News , and brought his expertise in illustrated publishing to his new magazine. The Graphic was highly popular, particularly for its coverage of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, and was well regarded among artists; Vincent van Gogh
880-495: The ILN bought or established a number of new publications, evolving from a single newspaper to a larger-scale publishing business. As with Herbert Ingram's purchases in the 1850s, this expansion was also an effective way of managing competition – dominating markets and buying out competing ventures. As with the acquisitions of the 1850s, several similar illustrated publications were established in this period by former employees of The Illustrated London News . Serious competition for
935-534: The ILN established The Sketch , a sister publication that covered lighter news and society events with the same focus on illustration. From this point, the name of the company changed to the Illustrated London News and Sketch Ltd. In 1899, ILN editor Clement Shorter left the paper to found his own publication, The Sphere , which published its first issue on 27 January 1900. Ingram and The Illustrated London News responded by establishing
990-414: The ILN to found it. Ingram folded it into another purchase, The Lady's Newspaper , which became The Lady's Newspaper and Pictorial Times . Vizetelly was also behind a later competitor, Illustrated Times in 1855, which was similarly bought out by Ingram in 1859. Ingram's other early collaborators left the business in the 1850s. Nathanial Cooke, his business partner and brother-in-law, found himself in
1045-507: The Illustrated London News , Illustrated Newspapers Ltd and the Illustrated London News Group . In 2010, the entire back catalogue of The Illustrated London News was digitised, and is available online by subscription. The entire run of The Illustrated London News between 1914 and 1919 is available for free online. The archive for 1842 to 2003 can be searched through public libraries in several countries, and
1100-620: The Illustrated Times . Ingram employed leading artists of the day to illustrate social events, news stories, and towns and cities. The whole spectrum of Victorian Britain was recorded pictorially in The Illustrated London News for many decades; special events were important to its success. The magazine did very well during the Great Exhibition of 1851 and the edition that reported the funeral of
1155-599: The Middle Temple on 12 April 1869, and at the Inner Temple on 15 January 1870 and was called to the bar at Inner Temple on 18 November 1872. His father and brother died in a shipping accident on Lake Michigan in 1860 and Ingram eventually took over management of the Illustrated London News . He lived at Walton-on-Thames , Surrey and was a J.P. for Surrey and the Cinque Ports, Kent. In 1874, Ingram
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#17327650911811210-472: The 'Great Eight' publications. The Illustrated London News , the flagship publication, was supported by sister publications The Sketch , The Sphere , The Tatler , The Graphic , The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News , The Bystander , and Eve . With the exception of The Tatler , these publications remained as part of Illustrated News Ltd. until their closure at various times in the 20th century. The centenary of The Illustrated London News in 1942
1265-734: The First World War in July 2014, ILN Ltd launched illustratedfirstworldwar.com, a free historical resource funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund . The entire run of the Great Eight publications between 1914 and 1918 is available on this site. The company operates at 46–48 East Smithfield Street. In May 2024, Illustrated London News Ltd fell into administration and has subsequently appointed Opus Restructuring Llp of 1 Radian Court, Knowlhill, Milton Keynes, MK5 8PJ to wind up
1320-502: The abolition of the Stamp Act that taxed newspapers, it sold 200,000 copies per week. Competitors soon began to appear. Lloyd's Illustrated Paper was founded later that year, while Reynold's Newspaper opened in 1850. Both were successful Victorian publications, albeit less successful than The Illustrated London News . Andrew Spottiswoode's Pictorial Times lost £20,000 before it was sold to Ingram by Henry Vizetelly, who had left
1375-623: The archives of the Great Eight publications were sold to Sea Containers , an international transport corporation headed by James Sherwood . Along with the Illustrated London News Group, Sea Containers operated the Orient Express and Great North Eastern Railway , and a range of luxury hotels. As part of this activity, Illustrated London News Group launched a luxury travel and lifestyle magazine, Orient Express . In 1994, publication of The Illustrated London News
1430-544: The attention of mankind". Ingram was a staunch Liberal who favoured social reform. He announced in The Illustrated London News that the concern of the magazine would be "with the English poor" and the "three essential elements of discussion with us will be the poor laws, the factory laws, and the working of the mining system". Despite arguing the case for social reform, the paper claimed to be nonpartisan. Its first editorial had stated, "We commence our political discourse by
1485-444: The capital that enabled him to set up and publish The Illustrated London News . Ingram moved back to London, and after discussing the matter with his friend, Mark Lemon , editor of Punch , he decided to start his own magazine, The Illustrated London News . The first edition appeared on 14 May 1842. Costing sixpence, the magazine had 16 pages and 32 woodcuts and targeted a broadly middle-class readership. It included pictures of
1540-1385: The company, bringing nearly 200 years of publication to an end. The first generation of draughtsmen and engravers included Sir John Gilbert , Birket Foster , and George Cruikshank among the former, and W. J. Linton , Ebenezer Landells , and George Thomas among the latter. Regular literary contributors included Douglas Jerrold , Richard Garnett , and Shirley Brooks . Illustrators, artists, and photographers included Edward Duncan , Bruce Bairnsfather , H. M. Bateman , Edmund Blampied, Mabel Lucie Attwell , E. H. Shepherd , Kate Greenaway , John Proctor , W. Heath Robinson and his brother Charles Robinson , Rebecca Solomon , George E. Studdy , David Wright, Melton Prior, William Simpson , Frederic Villiers, H. C. Seppings-Wright, Myles Birket Foster , Frank Reynolds , Lawson Wood, C. E. Turner, R. Caton Woodville Jr , A. Forestier, Fortunino Matania , Christina Broom , Louis Wain , J. Segrelles , and Frank Vizetelly . Writers and journalists included Robert Louis Stevenson , Thomas Hardy , George Augustus Sala , J. M. Barrie , Wilkie Collins , Rudyard Kipling , G. K. Chesterton , Joseph Conrad , Camilla Dufour Crosland , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , Sir Charles Petrie , Agatha Christie , Arthur Bryant , and Tim Beaumont (who wrote about food). Note: sources are contradictory in some cases. An alternative listing for
1595-607: The front pages of newspapers and magazines all over the world. The Illustrated London News had many imitators, but none came close. His first edition featured a great fire in Hamburg , Germany, and drawings portrayed the horror for readers. The popularity of the paper soared and attracted the most talented artists." In 1856, Ingram became the Liberal candidate in a by-election in his home town of Boston. With help from his friends Mark Lemon and Douglas Jerrold at Punch , and from
1650-427: The ideas of prevailing economic or political orthodoxy. It had none of the overt negative stereotyping found in the most acerbic Punch cartoons. It showed an overall attitude that England had a responsibility towards the victims of what was largely interpreted as a natural disaster. The magazine was an immediate success, and the first edition sold 26,000 copies. Within a few months, it was selling over 65,000 copies
1705-480: The illustrated weeklies. Many of the Great Eight publications were closed down after the Second World War ; The Sketch , The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News , and The Sphere all ceased publication in these years. In 1961, Illustrated Newspapers Ltd was bought by International Thomson, headed by Roy Thomson , a Canadian newspaper mogul. The Sphere ceased publication in 1964, while The Tatler
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1760-408: The layout of coal mines. In 1928, a major business merger had Illustrated London News move to new headquarters at Inveresk House, 1 Aldwych, (also known as 364 Strand), London, where The Illustrated London News and The Sketch were united with six of their former competitors under the parent company, Illustrated News Ltd. As eight of the largest titles in illustrated news, these were newly dubbed
1815-410: The newspaper and business archive of The Illustrated London News and the Great Eight publications, publishing short books and magazines of historical content from the Great Eight publication archives. In 2010, Gale digitised the entire back catalogue of The Illustrated London News (1842–2003), and in 2014 began digitalizing the remaining seven publications in the Great Eight. To mark the centenary of
1870-613: The newspaper and the publishing business as a whole. Photographic and printing techniques were advancing in the later years of the 19th century, and The Illustrated London News began to introduce photos and artwork into its depictions of weekly events. From about 1890, The Illustrated London News made increasing use of photography. The tradition of graphic illustrations continued until the end of World War I . Often, rough sketches of distant events with handwritten explanations were supplied by observers and then worked on by artists in London to produce polished end products for publication. This
1925-525: The newspaper published Joseph Paxton 's designs for the Crystal Palace before even Prince Albert had seen them, the circulation rose to 130,000. In 1852, when it produced a special edition covering the funeral of the Duke of Wellington , sales increased to 150,000. In 1855, mainly due to the newspaper reproducing some of Roger Fenton 's pioneering photographs of the Crimean War , and due to
1980-535: The part they had played in Ingram's victory. He continued his campaign for social reform in the House of Commons until his death four years later. Ingram was instrumental in bringing the Great Northern Railway to Boston, which forged new links with other parts of the country and got the town on track for a new era of growth. He also played a major part in supplying fresh piped water to the town,
2035-405: The period 1842–59 is 1842–46: F. W. N. Bayley; 1846–52: John Timbs ; 1852–59: Charles Mackay The archives of The Illustrated London News , The Sketch , The Sphere , The Tatler , The Bystander , The Graphic , The Illustrated War News , The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News , and Britannia and Eve are owned by Illustrated London News (ILN) Limited. ILN Ltd also holds company records of
2090-557: The publication and business archives of the magazine. The Illustrated London News founder Herbert Ingram was born in Boston, Lincolnshire , in 1811, and opened a printing, newsagent, and bookselling business in Nottingham around 1834 in partnership with his brother-in-law, Nathaniel Cooke. As a newsagent, Ingram was struck by the reliable increase in newspaper sales when they featured pictures and shocking stories. Ingram began to plan
2145-482: The second and subsequent editions were disappointing. However, Ingram was determined to make his newspaper a success, and sent every clergyman in the country a copy of the edition that contained illustrations of the installation of the Archbishop of Canterbury , and by this means secured a great many new subscribers. Its circulation soon increased to 40,000, and by the end of its first year was 60,000. In 1851, after
2200-550: The son of a butcher. After being educated at Laughton's Charity School and the free school in Wormgate (a street in Boston), he was apprenticed as a 14-year-old to town printer Joseph Clarke. When Ingram finished his training, he moved to London, where he worked as a journeyman printer. In 1832, Ingram established his own printing and newsagents business in Nottingham , in partnership with his brother-in-law, Nathaniel Cooke . As
2255-405: The team at The Illustrated London News , Ingram advocated a policy of social reform . He told the people of Boston they needed a "representative who is at once the product and the embodiment of the progressive spirit of the age". The electorate responded to Ingram's message and he won an overwhelming victory. However, several daily newspapers attacked Punch and The Illustrated London News for
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2310-601: The war in Afghanistan , the Versailles rail accident , a survey of the candidates for the US presidential election , extensive crime reports, theatre and book reviews, and a list of births, marriages, and deaths. Ingram hired 200 men to carry placards through the streets of London promoting the first edition of his new newspaper. Costing sixpence , the first issue sold 26,000 copies. Despite this initial success, sales of
2365-663: The war in Afghanistan, a train crash in France, a steam boat explosion in Canada, and a fancy dress ball at Buckingham Palace. That pictorials were viewed as being as important as text for reporting was clear from the first issue, which stated that the aim was to bring within the public grasp "... the very form and presence of events as they transpire; and whatever the broad and palpable delineations of wood engraving can achieve, will now be brought to bear upon every subject which attracts
2420-560: The world. The paper is mentioned as publishing Fogg's portrait, based on a photo obtained from the Reform Club of which Fogg was a member. The nineteenth-century operations of the Illustrated London News were portrayed in the 2021 biopic, The Electrical Life of Louis Wain , starring Benedict Cumberbatch as Louis Wain , one of the publication's illustrators, and Claire Foy as his wife, Emily Richardson-Wain. Herbert Ingram Herbert Ingram (27 May 1811 – 8 September 1860)
2475-403: Was a British journalist and politician. He is considered the father of pictorial journalism through his founding of The Illustrated London News , the first illustrated magazine. He was a Liberal politician who favoured social reform and represented Boston for four years until his early death in the shipwreck of the Lady Elgin . Ingram was born at Paddock Grove in Boston, Lincolnshire ,
2530-534: Was a particular admirer. William Ingram became chief proprietor of The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News , est. 1874, and The Lady's Pictorial , which may have been a later title of The Lady's Newspaper and Pictorial Times . The Penny Illustrated Paper , aimed at a working-class readership, was established by the news company shortly after Ingram's death in 1861 in response to the abolition of stamp and paper taxes, which made cheaper publications possible. The Penny Illustrated Paper ran until 1913. In 1893,
2585-665: Was brought back to Boston for burial in the Boston Cemetery on Horncastle Road. His son's body was never found and identified and was probably buried in an unmarked grave in Winnetka near Chicago. Another of Ingram's sons, William , took over the newspaper, and was also MP for Boston and became a baronet . A statue of Ingram is in the Market Place in Boston in front of St. Botolph's Church (Boston "Stump"). The statue
2640-510: Was designed by Alexander Munro (sculptor) and was unveiled in October 1862. The allegorical figure at the base of the monument is a reference to Ingram's efforts to bring the first piped water to the town. Sir William Ingram, 1st Baronet Sir William James Ingram, 1st Baronet (27 October 1847 – 18 December 1924) was a British journalist and Liberal politician who was managing director of The Illustrated London News and who sat in
2695-519: Was elected as MP for Boston and held the seat until 1880 when representation was suspended. He won the reconstituted seat in 1885 but lost it in the election of the following year. He regained the seat in 1892 but lost it again three years later in 1895. Ingram was created baronet on 9 August 1893. Ingram married in 1874, Mary Eliza Collingwood Stirling, daughter of Australian politician Edward Stirling of 34, Queen's Gardens, Hyde Park, and of Adelaide, South Australia. His son Herbert succeeded to
2750-526: Was muted due to wartime conditions, including restrictions on the use of paper. The occasion was marked in the paper with a set of specially commissioned colour photographs of the royal family, including the future Queen Elizabeth. By the time of his death in 1963, Ingram was a major figure in the newspaper industry, and the longest-standing editor of his day. In the postwar period, print publications were gradually displaced from their central position in reporting news events, and circulation began to fall for all
2805-418: Was particularly the case where popular subjects such as colonial or foreign military campaigns did not lend themselves to clear illustration using the limited camera technology of the period. By the 1920s and 1930s, the pictures that dominated each issue of the magazine were almost exclusively photographic, although artists might still be used to illustrate in pictorial form topics such as budgetary expenditure or
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#17327650911812860-427: Was reduced further to two issues a year, and the publishing activity of the Illustrated London News Group focused increasingly on the Orient Express magazine. After publishing its last Christmas number in 2001, The Illustrated London News was relaunched in 2003 under the editorship of Mark Palmer, which ran for one issue before finally ceasing publication for good. In 2007, The Illustrated London News Group underwent
2915-486: Was selling over 300,000 copies a week, far higher than other journals. Newspapers such as the Daily News sold 6,000 copies at this time, and even the largest-selling newspaper, The Times , only sold 70,000 copies. The Illustrated London News is still published today. Alison Booth, its current editor, said: "He was very inventive and far-sighted and his legacy of bringing pictures to journalism can still be seen on
2970-419: Was sold in 1968. It was later revived and relaunched in 1977. With circulation figures continuing to fall, The Illustrated London News switched from weekly to monthly publication in 1971, with a new focus on in-depth reporting and selective coverage of world events. This strategy continued into the late 1980s, when the paper reduced its frequency to four issues a year. In 1985, The Illustrated London News and
3025-411: Was succeeded as proprietor by his youngest son, William Ingram , who in turn was succeeded by his son, Sir Bruce Ingram (1877–1963) in 1900, who remained as editor until his death. By 1863, The Illustrated London News was selling more than 300,000 copies every week, enormous figures in comparison to other British newspapers of the time. The death of Herbert and his eldest son left the company without
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