In cryptography , the QUAD cipher is a stream cipher which was designed with provable security arguments in mind.
27-589: (Redirected from The Quad ) [REDACTED] Look up quad or quadri- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Quad as a word or prefix usually means four. It may refer to: Government [ edit ] Quadrilateral Security Dialogue , a strategic security dialogue between Australia, India, Japan, and the United States Quadrilateral group , an informal group that includes
54-487: A British manufacturer of audio equipment Medicine and anatomy [ edit ] Quadriplegic , a person paralyzed in all four limbs Quadriceps femoris , a large leg muscle group Quadruplets , four children from a multiple birth Sports [ edit ] Quad (figure skating) , a figure skating jump with four revolutions Quad scull , a boat configuration of four rowers Quad skates , roller skates with two wheels on each of two axles Quad, one of
81-409: A Finnish bolt-action rifle Morris C8 , a WWII era artillery tractor See also [ edit ] Quadrangle (disambiguation) All pages with titles containing Quad Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Quad . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
108-451: A Japanese animation studio Quadruple combination , the four books that comprise the canon of the LDS church Business [ edit ] Quad (company) , an American marketing solutions company Quad Electroacoustics , a British manufacturer of audio equipment Medicine and anatomy [ edit ] Quadriplegic , a person paralyzed in all four limbs Quadriceps femoris ,
135-486: A United States Geological Survey topographical map Quad (typography) , a spacer used in letterpress type Quadrilateral , in geometry Quad poster, a common UK size of film poster Quadrat , in ecology, a small study area or a frame used to define it Quadrupel , a Belgian beer The Quad Casino (now The Linq), on the Las Vegas Strip Four-of-a-kind in poker Sako Quad ,
162-421: A contradiction with the proof of security. The authors of QUAD who gave the security theorem acknowledged that a break of QUAD at their suggested parameters does not contradict the proof-of-security theorems when they proposed the scheme at Eurocrypt 2006. However it seemed that the authors had considered them as sufficient to provide the desired security level of about 2 . Yang, Chen, Bernstein and Chen studied
189-455: A directional antenna Quadraphonic sound , four-channel sound Quadruplex videotape , video tape format Quad Flat Package , a type of package for surface mounted integrated circuit Star quad cable , four insulated conductors twisted together Other uses [ edit ] Quad (unit) , unit of energy, short for quadrillion , 10 BTU Quadrangle (architecture) , a space or courtyard bordered by buildings Quad (geography) ,
216-481: A four-wheel drive truck Quadcopter , a four-rotor helicopter Quad, a chairlift in skiing which carries four persons Quad, or railroad speeder , a motorized vehicle used for maintenance on railroads Quad (rocket) , an autonomous rocket by Armadillo Aerospace Technology [ edit ] QUAD (cipher) , a stream cipher QUaD , a microwave telescope at the South Pole Quad antenna ,
243-820: A group of five cities straddling the boundary between the U.S. states of Iowa and Illinois The "Quad", the senior members of the Cameron–Clegg coalition government in the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2015 Art and entertainment [ edit ] Matthias Quad (1557–1613), engraver and cartographer Quad (film) , 2015 Quad (music) , a musical project by Gary Ramon Quad (play) , by Samuel Beckett The Quad (TV series) , 2017 Quad (arts centre) , in Derby, United Kingdom Quad Cinema , art house in New York City, New York Quad (studio) ,
270-462: A keystream sequence. A Key and IV setup is also defined which also rely on multivariate quadratic system. The security of the keystream generation of QUAD is provably reducible to the conjectured intractability of the MQ problem, namely solving a multivariate system of quadratic equations. The first proof was done over field GF(2) for an old-fashioned stream cipher (where the key is the initial state). It
297-440: A large leg muscle group Quadruplets , four children from a multiple birth Sports [ edit ] Quad (figure skating) , a figure skating jump with four revolutions Quad scull , a boat configuration of four rowers Quad skates , roller skates with two wheels on each of two axles Quad, one of the divisions in wheelchair tennis Quadruple-double , a statistical accomplishment in basketball Quadrennium ,
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#1732800830614324-649: A motorized vehicle used for maintenance on railroads Quad (rocket) , an autonomous rocket by Armadillo Aerospace Technology [ edit ] QUAD (cipher) , a stream cipher QUaD , a microwave telescope at the South Pole Quad antenna , a directional antenna Quadraphonic sound , four-channel sound Quadruplex videotape , video tape format Quad Flat Package , a type of package for surface mounted integrated circuit Star quad cable , four insulated conductors twisted together Other uses [ edit ] Quad (unit) , unit of energy, short for quadrillion , 10 BTU Quadrangle (architecture) ,
351-463: A musical project by Gary Ramon Quad (play) , by Samuel Beckett The Quad (TV series) , 2017 Quad (arts centre) , in Derby, United Kingdom Quad Cinema , art house in New York City, New York Quad (studio) , a Japanese animation studio Quadruple combination , the four books that comprise the canon of the LDS church Business [ edit ] Quad (company) , an American marketing solutions company Quad Electroacoustics ,
378-402: A space or courtyard bordered by buildings Quad (geography) , a United States Geological Survey topographical map Quad (typography) , a spacer used in letterpress type Quadrilateral , in geometry Quad poster, a common UK size of film poster Quadrat , in ecology, a small study area or a frame used to define it Quadrupel , a Belgian beer The Quad Casino (now The Linq), on
405-457: A version of QUAD with an 80-bit key, 80-bit IV and an internal state of n = 160 bits. It outputs 160 keystream bits (m = 320) at each iteration until 2 bits of keystream have been produced. At Eurocrypt 2006, speed reports were presented for QUAD instances with 160-bit state and output block over the fields GF(2), GF(16), and GF(256). These speed reports were part of an analysis of "Efficient Implementations of Multivariate Quadratic Systems" which
432-451: The 4-year training cycle between Olympic games Transportation [ edit ] Quad bike or all-terrain vehicle, a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires Quad, a tandem bicycle with four seats Quadracycle , a four-wheeled human-powered land vehicle Jeffery Quad , a four-wheel drive truck Quadcopter , a four-rotor helicopter Quad, a chairlift in skiing which carries four persons Quad, or railroad speeder ,
459-444: The Las Vegas Strip Four-of-a-kind in poker Sako Quad , a Finnish bolt-action rifle Morris C8 , a WWII era artillery tractor See also [ edit ] Quadrangle (disambiguation) All pages with titles containing Quad Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Quad . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
486-414: The divisions in wheelchair tennis Quadruple-double , a statistical accomplishment in basketball Quadrennium , the 4-year training cycle between Olympic games Transportation [ edit ] Quad bike or all-terrain vehicle, a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires Quad, a tandem bicycle with four seats Quadracycle , a four-wheeled human-powered land vehicle Jeffery Quad ,
513-546: The free dictionary. Quad as a word or prefix usually means four. It may refer to: Government [ edit ] Quadrilateral Security Dialogue , a strategic security dialogue between Australia, India, Japan, and the United States Quadrilateral group , an informal group that includes the trade spokesmen of the United States, Japan, Canada, and the European Union Quad Cities ,
540-485: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quad&oldid=1258942111 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages quad [REDACTED] Look up quad or quadri- in Wiktionary,
567-404: The iteration of a randomly chosen multivariate quadratic system S=(Q 1 , ..., Q m ) of m=kn equations in n unknowns over a finite field GF(q). The keystream generation process simply consists in iterating the three following steps in order to produce (k -1) n GF(q) keystream values at each iteration. QUAD is a modern stream cipher, i.e. it uses a key and an initialisation value (IV) to produce
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#1732800830614594-426: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quad&oldid=1258942111 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages QUAD (cipher) QUAD relies on
621-475: The security of the different parameter sets and found some of them very insecure. Their paper discusses both theoretical and practical aspects of attacking QUAD and of attacking the underlying hard problem. For example, this paper shows how to use XL-Wiedemann to break the GF(256) instance QUAD (256, 20, 20) in approximately 2 Opteron cycles, and to break the underlying hard problem in approximately 2 cycles, which
648-455: The trade spokesmen of the United States, Japan, Canada, and the European Union Quad Cities , a group of five cities straddling the boundary between the U.S. states of Iowa and Illinois The "Quad", the senior members of the Cameron–Clegg coalition government in the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2015 Art and entertainment [ edit ] Matthias Quad (1557–1613), engraver and cartographer Quad (film) , 2015 Quad (music) ,
675-477: Was carried out successfully. However, according to this paper, it would take about 2 to solve an instance of the QUAD(2,160,160) version recommended by the authors of QUAD using XL-Wiedemann. The study by Yang et al. highlighted the fact that security theorems often rely on reductions with a looseness factor, and when this is taken into account, none of the parameter sets of the suggested versions are sufficient for
702-415: Was later extended by Berbain and Gilbert in order to take into account the set-up procedure of a modern cipher (with a setup stage deriving the initial state from the key). The security of the whole cipher as a Pseudo Random Function can be related to the conjectured intractability of the MQ problem. The authors also studied the resistance of the cipher against classical attacks. The authors recommend to use
729-468: Was published by Berbain, Billet, and Gilbert at SAC 2006. This analysis (which also covers several multivariate public-key schemes as well as the QUAD stream cipher) studied in part the impact of changing the size of the field on the performances without considering the security aspect. The initial security theorem for QUAD is valid for the field GF(2) only, and recommended parameters does not achieve to get
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