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43-801: Coordinates : 25°44′N 32°36′E / 25.733°N 32.600°E / 25.733; 32.600 Area in Egypt, west of the Nile near Thebes [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Theban Necropolis" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( June 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Theban Necropolis [REDACTED] Aerial view of
86-505: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
129-460: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
172-468: A coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for
215-433: A name of high official of the 18th dynasty who was later deified known as Amenhotep, son of Hapu , ( Ancient Egyptian : Jmn-ḥtp.w zꜣ ḥpw ), but neither of them is considered plausible, as they do not explain the final long -u . The folk etymology attributes the name to a mythical king named Habu. The old Arabic name of the place, Gabal Shama , ( Arabic : جبل شامة ) comes from Djami ( Coptic : ϫⲏⲙⲉ ), which in turn
258-608: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
301-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
344-932: A travel guide for West Bank - Luxor . [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theban Necropolis . References [ edit ] ^ Foster, Karen Polinger; Manniche, Lise (1991). "Lost Tombs: A Study of Certain Eighteenth Dynasty Monuments in the Theban Necropolis" . The Classical World . 84 (3): 246. doi : 10.2307/4350785 . ISSN 0009-8418 . JSTOR 4350785 . External links [ edit ] Theban Mapping Project v t e Theban Necropolis Temple sites Deir el-Bahari Medinet Habu Mortuary Temple of Seti I Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III Ramesseum [REDACTED] Royal Necropolis Valley of
387-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
430-480: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
473-522: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
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#1732772236452516-1199: Is a necropolis on the west bank of the Nile , opposite Thebes ( Luxor ) in Upper Egypt . It was used for ritual burials for much of the Pharaonic period, especially during the New Kingdom . Mortuary temples [ edit ] See also: Temples of a Million years Deir el-Bahri Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II Mortuary temple of Thutmose III Medinet Habu Mortuary temple and palace of Ramesses III Mortuary Temple of Ay & Horemheb Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III Colossi of Memnon Mortuary Temple of Merneptah Mortuary Temple of Ramesses IV Mortuary Temple of Thutmose IV Mortuary Temple of Thutmose III Mortuary Temple of Twosret Temple of Nebwenenef Qurna Mortuary Temple of Seti I Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep II Ramesseum (Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II) Royal Necropolis [ edit ] Valley of
559-757: Is an archaeological locality situated near the foot of the Theban Hills on the West Bank of the River Nile opposite the modern city of Luxor , Egypt. Although other structures are located within the area and important discoveries have also been made at these sites, the location is today associated almost synonymously with the largest and best preserved site, the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III . The site of these temples included an inhabited human settlement since pharaonic times, which continued until
602-627: Is derived from Ancient Egyptian ḏꜣmwt, of unclear etymology. The Bohairic Coptic form Tchami ( Coptic : ϭⲏⲙⲓ ) comes from Demotic Tḏmꜣʾ, which is preceded by a feminine article, as also seen in Sahidic ⲧϫⲏⲙⲉ . Whether Thebes ( Ancient Greek : Θηβαι ) should be a phonetic rendering of the Egyptian name is disputed. In Greek the area was known as Memnonia ( Ancient Greek : Μεμνονία ) or Kastron Memnonionos ( Ancient Greek : Κάστρον Μεμνονίωνος , romanized : castle of Memnon ) and
645-456: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
688-434: Is on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form
731-793: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Medinet Habu (location) Medinet Habu ( Arabic : مدينة هابو , Madīnat Hābū ; Ancient Egyptian : ḏꜣmwt ; Sahidic Coptic : (ⲧ)ϫⲏⲙⲉ, ϫⲏⲙⲏ, ϫⲉⲙⲉ, ϫⲉⲙⲏ, ϫⲏⲙⲓ ; Bohairic Coptic : ϭⲏⲙⲓ )
774-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
817-595: The Greco-Roman period. The temple, some 150 m (490 ft) long, is of orthodox design, and closely resembles the Ramesseum . It is quite well preserved and surrounded by a massive mudbrick enclosure, which may have been fortified. The original entrance is through a fortified gate-house, known as a migdol (and resembling an Asiatic fortress). Just inside the enclosure, to the south, are chapels of Amenirdis I , Shepenupet II and Nitiqret , all of whom had
860-481: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
903-484: The Karnak and Luxor temples, with large blocks of houses separated by narrow streets and religious buildings as important focal points of the urban texture. Several churches were built in different sectors of the mortuary temple, including the great five-aisled basilica known as the "Holy Church of Djeme", which was located in the second court of Ramses III's temple. The church had a north-south orientation cutting across
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#1732772236452946-526: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
989-566: The 9th century, by which time it was a Coptic center. The last remnants of the former town were cleared during the excavations at the end of the 19th century. The origins of the name Medinet Habu are unknown. The earliest attestations are the ones of European cartographers of the 17th–18th centuries who mention it as "Habu" , "Medineh el Habou" and "Medinet Habu" , with variants "Medinet Abu" and "Medinet Tabu" . The proposed etymologies include derivation from Coptic name for Luxor ( Coptic : (ⲡ)ⲁⲡⲉ , romanized: (p)Ape ) or from
1032-506: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
1075-729: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
1118-536: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
1161-2056: The Kings burials Valley of the Queens burials Royal Cache Bab el-Gasus Other burials el-Assasif el-Khokha el-Tarif Dra' Abu el-Naga' Qurnet Murai Sheikh Abd el-Qurna Related articles Aten Beautiful Festival of the Valley Deir el-Medina [REDACTED] List of Theban tombs v t e World Heritage Sites in Egypt Abu Mena Islamic Cairo Memphis and its Necropolis – Giza pyramid complex to Dahshur Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae Saint Catherine Area Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis Wadi El Hitan (Whale Valley) [REDACTED] Egypt portal List of World Heritage Sites in Egypt Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theban_Necropolis&oldid=1252607483 " Categories : World Heritage Sites in Egypt Theban Necropolis Archaeological sites in Egypt Open-air museums in Egypt Necropoleis Thebes, Egypt Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing additional references from June 2023 All articles needing additional references Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Arabic-language text Commons category link
1204-500: The Kings (Modern: " Wadi el-Muluk ") Valley of the Queens (Modern: " Biban el-Harim ") Royal Cache Bab el-Gasus Necropolis [ edit ] Deir el-Medina Workmen's Tombs Shrine to Meretseger & Ptah Tombs of the Nobles el-Assasif el-Khokha el-Tarif Dra' Abu el-Naga' Qurnet Murai Sheikh Abd el-Qurna See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikivoyage has
1247-814: The Theban Necropolis [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Shown within Egypt Location Luxor , Luxor Governorate , Egypt Region Upper Egypt Coordinates 25°44′N 32°36′E / 25.733°N 32.600°E / 25.733; 32.600 Type Necropolis Part of Thebes UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis Type Cultural Criteria i, iii, vi Designated 1979 (3rd session ) Reference no. 87 Region Arab States The Theban Necropolis ( Arabic : مدينة طيبة الجنائزية , romanized : Madīnat Ṭaybah al-Janāʼizīyah )
1290-577: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
1333-649: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
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1376-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
1419-474: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
1462-781: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
1505-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
1548-595: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
1591-463: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
1634-460: The original axis of the temple and was provided with a font and a well, placed at the southern end of the central nave. The church was dated between the 5th and the 7th century by Monneret de Villard, while Grossmann suggested an attribution to the middle or second half of the 6th century. Before the clearing of the temple at the end of the 19th century, much of the Coptic town was still visible as it
1677-512: The same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
1720-468: The title of Divine Adoratrice of Amun . The first pylon leads into an open courtyard, lined with colossal statues of Ramesses III as Osiris on one side, and uncarved columns on the other. The second pylon leads into a peristyle hall, again featuring columns of Ramses III. This leads up a ramp that leads (through a columned portico) to the third pylon and then into the large hypostyle hall (which has lost its roof). The Coptic settlement at Medinet Habu
1763-585: Was associated with Memnon . This name survives in Colossi of Memnon . Just right of the entrance to the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III is the Temple of Amun, ( Ancient Egyptian : Djeser Set ) dating to the 18th Dynasty , built by Hatshepsut and Thutmose III . It has undergone many alterations and modifications over the years, partially in the 20th , 25th , 26th , 29th and 30th dynasties and
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1806-456: Was established as the final stage of a continuous process of occupation of the mortuary complex of Ramses III, which began in pharaonic times and continued into the Roman and Late Antique period. The settlement was a densely populated town with an estimated population of 18,860 residents, which was installed in various inner sectors, including the temple itself. The settlement pattern matched that of
1849-609: Was left after its abandonment in the 9th century. The settlement's religious buildings, including the Holy Church of Djeme, were damaged over time, with one of the Ramesside columns on the east side removed to accommodate the apse and the Osiris pillars cut away since they were inappropriate in a Christian building. Sparse graffiti and damage are all that remain after the removal of the church in modern times. Located just north of
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