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21-732: By narrower definitions, the Thermaic Gulf is bounded on the west by the line from the mouth of the Axios or Vardar to Cape Megalo Embolo , making it about 15 km (9.3 mi) long; while the smaller Gulf of Salonica is bounded by a line running from the mouth of the Gallikos to Mikro Emvolo . To the Romans , the gulf was also known as Thermaicus or Thermaeus sinus ("Gulf of Therma") and as Macedonicus sinus ("The Gulf of Macedon ", or "The Macedonian Gulf"). One of its modern names

42-511: A similar meaning as) Axios , which may be Thracian and may have meant "not-shining" from PIE * n.-sk(e)i (cf. Avestan axšaēna "dark-coloured"). The oldest known name of the river, Axios , is mentioned by Homer (Il. 21.141, Il. 2.849) as the home of the Paeonians allies of Troy . Pjetër Bogdani would use the form Asi , an earlier Albanian-language name for the river. This same hypothetical Thracian Axio- meaning "dark, not-shining"

63-881: A tremendous momentum and bringing cold conditions to the city of Thessaloniki and the Axios delta. Somewhat similar to the mistral wind of France , it occurs when atmospheric pressure over eastern Europe is higher than over the Aegean Sea , as is often the case in winter. Thracian language Pontic Steppe Caucasus East Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Pontic Steppe Northern/Eastern Steppe Europe South Asia Steppe Europe Caucasus India Indo-Aryans Iranians East Asia Europe East Asia Europe Indo-Aryan Iranian Indo-Aryan Iranian Others European The Thracian language ( / ˈ θ r eɪ ʃ ən / )

84-583: Is Pharaonic: 651 km. A project worth 17 billion. The Vardaris or Vardarec is a powerful prevailing northerly ravine wind which blows across the river valley in Greece as well as in North Macedonia . At first it descends along the "canal" of the Vardar valley, usually as a breeze. When it encounters the high mountains that separate Greece from North Macedonia, it descends the other side, gathering

105-639: Is an extinct and poorly attested language, spoken in ancient times in Southeast Europe by the Thracians . The linguistic affinities of the Thracian language are poorly understood , but it is generally agreed that it was an Indo-European language. The point at which Thracian became extinct is a matter of dispute. However, it is generally accepted that Thracian was still in use in the 6th century AD: Antoninus of Piacenza wrote in 570 that there

126-493: Is home to many famous, pristine beaches, which include Sani Beach. However, there are no beaches on the northwest coast, where wetlands stretch from Methone (northwest coast) to Thessaloniki 's western suburb of Kalochori . The Port of Thessaloniki is the gulf's largest and busiest port, while another twelve small ports provide sea transport in, out and around the Thermaic gulf. Major road networks of northern Greece such as

147-416: Is the "Gulf of Thessaloniki", named after the city of Thessaloniki which sprawls around and along the northeastern coast of the gulf. Places that lie on the gulf include Sani, Kassandreia , ancient Potidaea , Nea Moudania , Agia Triada, Neoi Epivates, Peraia , Kalochori , Methoni , Pydna , Paralia Katerinis , Olympiaki Akti , Alexandrini , Koutsoupia and Stomio (Larissa). The rivers emptying into

168-567: Is the longest river in North Macedonia and a major river in Greece , where it reaches the Aegean Sea at Thessaloniki . It is 388 km (241 mi) long, out of which 76 km (47 mi) are in Greece, and drains an area of around 25,000 km (9,653 sq mi). The maximum depth of the river is 4 m (13 ft). The name Vardar for the river may have been derived from Thracian , although Dardanian , Paeonian , Ancient Macedonian and Ancient Greek were also spoken in

189-591: Is theorized to be found in the name of a city at the mouth of the Danube, called Axiopolis in Greek and Axíopa (perhaps again meaning just "dark water") in Thracian, which may later have been translated into Slavic as Cernavodă , also meaning "black water". The river rises at Vrutok , a few kilometers southwest of Gostivar in North Macedonia. It passes through Gostivar , Skopje and into Veles , crosses

210-751: The A1 / E75 motorway (Athens - Thessaloniki) encircles the western portion of the gulf, while the A24 (Thessaloniki - Nea Moudania motorway) almost encircles the eastern part of it. This Greece location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a specific oceanic location or ocean current is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Axios River The Vardar ( / ˈ v ɑːr d ɑːr / ; Macedonian : Вардар , Albanian : Vardar/-i , Turkish : Vardar ) or Axios ( Greek : Αξιός , romanized :  Aksiós , Albanian : Asi (historically) )

231-695: The Greek border near Gevgelija , Polykastro and Axioupoli ("town on the Axiós"), before emptying into the Aegean Sea in Central Macedonia , west of Thessaloniki in northern Greece. The river forms a large delta along with Loudias and Haliacmon at the Axios-Loudias-Aliakmonas National Park . The Vardar basin comprises two-thirds of the territory of North Macedonia . The valley features fertile lands in

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252-581: The Polog region, around Gevgelija and in the Thessaloniki regional unit . The river is surrounded by mountains elsewhere. The superhighways Greek National Road 1 in Greece and M1 and E75 run within the valley along the river's entire length to near Skopje. The river was very famous during the Ottoman Empire and remains so in modern-day Turkey as the inspiration for many folk songs, of which

273-495: The Proto-Indo-European language , some non-IE lexical items in Thracian are to be expected. The following are the longest inscriptions preserved. The remaining ones are mostly single words or names on vessels and other artifacts. No translation has been accepted by the larger Indo-European community of scholars. Only four Thracian inscriptions of any length have been found. The first is a gold ring found in 1912 in

294-547: The classification and fate of Thracian. The Thracian language or languages were spoken in what is now Bulgaria , Romania , North Macedonia , Northern Greece , European Turkey and in parts of Bithynia (North-Western Asiatic Turkey). Little is known for certain about the Thracian language, since no text has been satisfactorily deciphered. Some of the longer inscriptions may be Thracian in origin but they may simply reflect jumbles of names or magical formulas. Enough Thracian lexical items have survived to show that Thracian

315-488: The gulf are the Pineios , Aliakmon , Loudias , Gallikos and Axios/Vardar ; several streams including one near Pydna also empty into the gulf. The Thermaic Gulf was significantly larger in classical times, with many ancient seaside cities (e.g. Pella ) are now found several kilometers inland. The extensive silting mainly affects the northern and western parts of the gulf, which receive the bulk of alluvial outflow. The gulf

336-534: The lands drained by the river. The modern Vardar is thought to derive from an earlier * Vardários , which may ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) * (s)wordo-wori- "black water". The name Vardários (Βαρδάριος) was sometimes used by the Ancient Greeks in the 3rd century BC. The same name was widely used in the Byzantine era. Vardar/Vardarios may be a translation of (or otherwise have

357-593: The most famous is Vardar Ovasi. It has also been depicted on the coat of arms of Skopje, which in turn is incorporated in the city's flag. A proposal to construct a canal connecting the Morava river valley with the Vardar, and hence linking the Danube to the Aegean Canal, has been a dream for a long time. Le Figaro published a project of Athens and Belgrade on 28.08.2017. The Greek-Serbian proposal made in Beijing

378-419: The village of Ezerovo (Plovdiv Province of Bulgaria ); the ring was dated to the 5th century BC. The ring features an inscription in a Greek script consisting of 8 lines, the eighth of which is located on the rim of the rotating disk; it reads without any spaces between: ΡΟΛΙΣΤΕΝΕΑΣΝ / ΕΡΕΝΕΑΤΙΛ / ΤΕΑΝΗΣΚΟΑ / ΡΑΖΕΑΔΟΜ / ΕΑΝΤΙΛΕΖΥ / ΠΤΑΜΙΗΕ / ΡΑΖ // ΗΛΤΑ Dimitar Dechev (Germanised as D. Detschew ) separates

399-551: The words that are preserved in ancient glossaries, in particular by Hesychius, only three dozen can be considered "Thracian". However, Indo-European scholars have pointed out that "even the notion that what the ancients called "Thracian" was a single entity is unproven." The table below lists potential cognates from Indo-European languages, but most of them have not found general acceptance within Indo-European scholarship. Not all lexical items in Thracian are assumed to be from

420-537: Was a member of the Indo-European language family . Besides the aforementioned inscriptions, Thracian may be attested through personal names , toponyms , hydronyms , phytonyms , divine names, etc. and by a small number of words cited in Ancient Greek texts as being specifically Thracian. There are 23 words mentioned by ancient sources considered explicitly of Thracian origin and known meaning. Of

441-588: Was a monastery in the Sinai , at which the monks spoke Greek , Latin , Syriac , Egyptian , and Bessian – a Thracian dialect. A classification put forward by Harvey Mayer , suggests that Thracian (and Dacian ) belonged to the Baltic branch of Indo-European, or at least is closer to Baltic than any other Indo-European branch. However, this theory has not achieved the status of a general consensus among linguists. These are among many competing hypotheses regarding

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