Turkish victory
19-744: Third Army The Ararat rebellion , also known as the Ağrı rebellion ( Turkish : Ağrı ayaklanmaları or Ağrı isyanı ), was a 1930 uprising of the Kurds of Ağrı Province , in eastern Turkey , against the Turkish government . The leader of the guerrilla forces during the rebellion was Ihsan Nuri of the Jibran tribe. In 1926, before the Ararat revolt, Ibrahim Heski led the Hesenan , Jalali and Haydaran tribes in
38-512: A rebellion (May 16–June 17, 1926). On 16 May, the Kurdish forces fought against the 28th Infantry Regiment of the 9th Infantry Division of the Turkish army and a Gendarmerie regiment in the Demirkapı region. The Turkish forces were defeated and the scattered 28th Regiment had to retreat towards Doğubeyazıt . On June 16/17, Heski and his forces were surrounded by the 28th and 34th regiments of
57-825: Is a field army of the Turkish Army and is the country's largest army. It traces its origins to 1923, but further back, the Ninth Army Troops Inspectorate was redesignated the Third Army Troops Inspectorate on 15 June 1919. General Ragıp Gümüşpala commanded the army between 1958 and 1960. In the days of the Soviet Union the Third Army was stationed on the Caucasus border to counter any Soviet attack by
76-548: Is the sixth-tallest peak and a stratovolcano in Turkey . It is a large satellite cone located on the eastern flank of the massive Mount Ararat , less than 5 mi (8.0 km) west of Turkey’s border with Iran . Despite being dwarfed by its higher and far more famous neighbor, Little Ararat is a significant volcano in its own right, with an almost perfectly symmetrical, conical form and smooth constructional slopes. Little Ararat rises about 1,296 m (4,252 ft) above
95-635: The Qizilbash of Dersim . That is why, much to the Turks' dismay, Xoybûn's appeal was answered on a wide front by a counteroffensive at Mount Tendürek , Iğdır , Erciş , Mount Süphan , Van and Bitlis , forcing the Turks to temporarily abandon their offensive against Ağrı. In July, the Xoybun decided to send reinforcements from Syria to the revolt in the night from the 4–5 August. Five separate groups should have been led by Hadjo Agha, Kadri Cemilpasha, Khamil,
114-585: The Transcaucasus Military District . In 1973 the Army, with headquarters at Erzincan , had the 8th Corps at Elazığ (including the 12th Infantry Division (Turkey) , today 12th Mechanised Infantry Brigade at Ağrı ), the 9th Corps at Erzurum (including 9th Infantry Division at Sarıkamış (which was active to at least 1996), and the 11th Corps at Trabzon . After 1974–75 and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus 11th Corps headquarters
133-509: The 2 September. The rebels were gradually crushed by the superior numbers of the Turkish military. The campaign against the Kurds was over by September 17, 1930. The insurrection was defeated in 1931, and Turkey resumed control over the territory. Because the border between Turkey and Persia ran up the side of Lesser Ararat to its peak, Turkey was unable to stop Kurdish fighters from crossing
152-896: The Armenian village of Guirberan and Kuch Dagh. As compensation, Persia gained ninety square miles in the neighbourhood of Qotur ( قطور ). The commander of the rebellion documented the role of the Turkish air force in defeating the Ağrı revolt in his book entitled La Révolte de L'Agridagh (The Mount Ararat revolt). Origins Kurdish rebellions After Ararat rebellions Turkey Iran Lebanon & Syria [REDACTED] Kurdistan Xoybûn Republic of Ararat Support [REDACTED] Turkey Ankara First Inspectorate-General AMB to Berlin AMB to Tehran Massacres International relations Third Army (Turkey) The Turkish Third Army
171-580: The Serdarbulak lava plateau , which forms a saddle connecting it with the main peak. On 8 November [ O.S. 27 October] 1829, Baltic German explorer Friedrich Parrot and Armenian writer Khachatur Abovian climbed Little Ararat. Its eastern flank was on the Iranian side of the border until the early 1930s. During the Kurdish Ararat rebellion , Kurdish rebels used
190-533: The Turkish Air Force demoralized Kurds and led to their capitulation. During the insurrection, the Turkish Air Force also bombed several Kurdish tribes and villagers. For instance, Halikanli and Herki tribes were bombed on July 18 and August 2, respectively. Rebel villages were continually bombed from August 2–29. From June 10–12 Kurdish positions were extensively bombed, and this forced the Kurds to retreat to higher positions around Mount Ararat. On July 9
209-533: The Turkish army and had to retreat over Yukarı Demirkapı to Iran . On 11 June 1930, armed responses under the leadership of Salih Pasha to the rebellion were initiated by the Turkish military against the Ağrı insurgents. According to Wadie Jwaideh , Xoybûn , the Kurmanci Kurdish nationalist organization co-ordinating the rebellion, urgently appealed for help from Kurds. It was a Kurdish rebellion by mostly Kurmancî Kurds, which greatly outnumbered
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#1732802294267228-702: The area Argadan, Kagysman, Erzurum, along the Turkish-Georgian and Armenian–Turkish border. 8th Army Corps has in its composition: 10th separate infantry brigade, 1st, 12th ( Ağrı ), 34th, 42nd Mechanized Brigades, 9th Separate Armored Brigade and 151st Artillery Regiment IRGC (Iranian Revolutionary Guard), located along the Turkish–Iranian border." In June 1941, the Third Army was organized as follows: Lesser Ararat Little Ararat ( Armenian : Փոքր Արարատ , romanized : Pok'r Ararat ; Turkish : Küçük Ağrı ; Kurdish : Agiriyê Biçûk )
247-668: The border at that location. To solve this problem Turkey demanded that it be ceded the entire mountain. On January 23, 1932, Persia and Turkey signed the Agreement related to the fixing of the frontier between Persia and Turkey (official name in French "Accord relatif à la fixation de la ligne frontière entre la Perse et la Turquie") in Tehran . Turkey received total control over the Lesser Ararat and Ağrı Mountains and territory between
266-590: The central region in order to act rapidly into any scenario around Turkey's borders. Today, the army garrisons the Turkish borders with Armenia and Georgia . Some 300 men from the Third Army were sent to serve alongside the United Nations troops in Somalia (UNITAF/ UNOSOM II ). In addition, Lieutenant General Cevik Bir , who had previously commanded the army's 4th Armoured Brigade , became Force Commander of UNOSOM II (1992-95). 9th Infantry Division
285-400: The height of 5,000 m (16,000 ft). By July 21, bombardment had destroyed many Kurdish forts. During these operations, Turkish military mobilized 66,000 soldiers (contrary to this Robert W. Olson gives the number of 10,000–15,000 troops in another work, other works state these numbers as well) and 100 aircraft. The last reported major offensive by the Kurds was directed at Diyarbakır on
304-450: The newspaper Cumhuriyet reported that the Turkish air force was "raining down" Mount Ararat with bombs. Kurds, who escaped the bombings, were captured alive. On July 13, the rebellion in Zilan was suppressed. Squadrons of 10–15 aircraft were used in crushing the revolt. On July 16, two Turkish planes were downed. Aerial bombardment continued for several days and forced Kurds to withdraw to
323-479: The son of Ibrahim Pasha, Rassoul Agha Mohammed from the Bohtan area and Mustafa and Bozan Sahin. But the plan was not executed as planned, and three reinforcements returned after they noticed their men's exhaustion. By the end of summer 1930 the Turkish Air Force was bombing Kurdish positions around Mount Ararat ( Turkish : Ağrı Dağı ) from all directions. According to Gen. Ihsan Nuri , the military superiority of
342-649: Was moved to North Cyprus. Following the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union, the General Staff decided to send 120,000 men of the Third Army to the border with Iraq . This was done in order to increase readiness against any possible crisis in the area (such as during the Persian Gulf War and Iraq War ). Most of the armored, mechanized, and commando brigades are located in
361-419: Was seemingly disbanded in 2005. A Russian source in 2007 gave the following details on the army: "the 3rd Field Army, consist[s] of 8th and 9th Army Corps, 48th Separate Infantry Brigade, 4th Separate Armoured Brigade." 9th Army Corps, which has in its composition: the 3rd infantry division, 7th, 14th, 25th separate mechanized brigade, separate mechanized infantry battalion, a separate tank battalion, deployed in
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