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46-607: Ruben Louis (born 10 July 1997) better known by the stage name Timal is a French rapper born in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis and grew up in Champs-sur-Marne , Seine-et-Marne . His Guadeloupean origin inspired to take the name Timal. In 2016, he started posting freestyles on Daymolition's YouTube channel, which gives coverage to young rappers, and became popular with the freestyle series "Rapport". On 27 April 2018, he released his first studio album Trop chaud that

92-597: A 112 minute long French-Italian comedy, Le bon roi Dagobert ( Good King Dagobert ) was made, based on Dagobert I. The soundtrack was composed by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis , Starring Ugo Tognazzi, Coluche and Michel Serrault. According to the Chronicle of Fredegar Dagobert I had "three queens almost simultaneously, as well as several concubines". The rex Brittanorum Judicael came to Clichy to visit Dagobert I, but opted not to dine with him due to his misgivings about Dagobert's moral choices, instead dining with

138-444: A major city named Saint Denis, located in the fictional American state of Lemoyne. The fictional city was based on New Orleans , and both share a history of being former French territories. [REDACTED] Media related to Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis) at Wikimedia Commons Dagobert I Dagobert was the eldest son of Chlothar II and Haldetrude (575–604) and the grandson of Fredegund . Chlothar had reigned alone over all

184-483: A male heir or two, while real power lay in the hands of the noble families who exercised feudal control over most of the land. In the 830s, a biography of Dagobert, the Gesta Dagoberti , was written, probably by Hincmar . It is mostly unreliable, but does contain some information based on authentic archival documents. Dagobert was immortalized in the song Le bon roi Dagobert ( The Good King Dagobert ),

230-625: A nursery rhyme featuring exchanges between the king and his chief adviser, Saint Eligius ( Eloi in French). The satirical rhymes place Dagobert in various ridiculous positions from which Eligius' good advice manages to extract him. The text, which probably originated in the 18th century, became extremely popular as an expression of the anti-monarchist sentiment of the French Revolution . Other than placing Dagobert and Eligius in their respective roles, it has no historical accuracy. In 1984,

276-538: A precedent for the burial of future French rulers there. The pattern of division and assassination, which characterized king Dagobert's reign, continued for the next century until Pepin the Short finally deposed the last Merovingian king in 751, establishing the Carolingian dynasty. The Merovingian boy-kings remained ineffective rulers who inherited the throne as young children and lived only long enough to produce

322-482: A small chapel erected on Denis' tomb, which by then had become a popular destination for pilgrims. It was this chapel that Dagobert I had rebuilt and turned into a royal monastery. Dagobert granted many privileges to the monastery: independence from the bishop of Paris, the right to hold a market , and, most importantly, he was buried in Saint-Denis; a tradition which was followed by almost all his successors. During

368-645: A treaty with the Byzantine emperor Heraclius , which entailed enforcing the compulsory baptism of Jews throughout his kingdom. Besides signing this treaty, Dagobert also took steps to secure trade across his empire by protecting important markets along the mouth of the Rhine at Duurstede and Utrecht , which in part explains his later determination to defend the Austrasian Franks from the Avar menace. Under

414-422: Is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France . It is located 9.4 km (5.8 mi) from the centre of Paris . Saint-Denis is the second most populated suburb of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt ), with a population of 113,116 at the 2020 census. It is a subprefecture ( French : sous-préfecture ) of the department of Seine-Saint-Denis , being the seat of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis . It

460-586: Is also part of the Métropole du Grand Paris . Saint-Denis is home to the royal necropolis of the Basilica of Saint-Denis and was also the location of the associated abbey . The commune is also home to France's national football and rugby stadium, the Stade de France , which was built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup . The stadium also hosted the rugby and athletics events, along with the closing ceremony , for

506-512: Is considered the last of the great Merovingian kings by most historians, but this does not mean there was a major waning in Frankish power, especially in light of the writings of Paul the Deacon and John of Toledo . J.M. Wallace-Hadrill stated that Dagobert "had the ruthless energy of a Clovis and the cunning of a Charlemagne ." Despite having more or less united the Frankish realms, he likely

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552-584: The 2022 UEFA Champions League Final , in which fans of visiting football team Liverpool F.C. were attacked by police before the game and by groups of local youths after the game, with the chaos becoming an issue in the 2022 French legislative election . Saint-Denis has 29 public preschools/nursery schools ( écoles maternelles ). Saint-Denis has 30 public elementary schools ( écoles élémentaires ), with one of those schools (École Élémentaire Maria Casarès) being an intercommunal school. Saint-Denis has eight public junior high schools ( collèges ). Saint-Denis has

598-457: The 2024 Summer Olympics . The athletics events & closing ceremony for the 2024 Summer Paralympics were also held at the stadium. Saint-Denis is a formerly industrial suburb currently changing its economic base. It is set to become the second most populated commune in Île-de-France after Paris on 1 January 2025 upon the absorption of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine to its north, following a vote of both municipal councils on 30 May 2024. Until

644-600: The Middle Ages , because of the privileges granted by Dagobert, Saint-Denis grew to become very important. Merchants from all over Europe (and indeed from the Byzantine Empire ) came to visit its market. In 1140, Abbot Suger , counselor to the King, granted further privileges to the citizens of Saint-Denis. He also started the work of enlarging the Basilica of Saint Denis that still exists today, often cited as

690-575: The Vosges , and the Ardennes , but shortly thereafter the Austrasian nobility forced him to concede these regions to Dagobert. The rule of a Frank from the Austrasian heartland tied Alsace more closely to the Austrasian court. Dagobert created a new duchy (the later Duchy of Alsace ) in southwest Austrasia to guard the region from Burgundian or Alemannic encroachments and ambitions. The duchy comprised

736-659: The Wogastisburg , his Alemannic and Lombard allies were successful in repelling the Wends. Taking advantage of the situation at the time, the Saxons offered to help Dagobert if he agreed to rescind the 500 cow yearly tribute to the Austrasians. Despite accepting this agreement, Fredegar reports that it was to little avail since the Wends attacked again the following year. Also in 632, the nobles of Austrasia revolted under

782-410: The mayor of the palace , Pepin of Landen . In 634, Dagobert appeased the rebellious nobles by putting his three-year-old son, Sigebert III , on the throne, thereby ceding royal power in the easternmost of his realms, just as his father had done for him eleven years earlier. In historian Ian Wood's view, Dagobert's creation of a sub-kingdom for his son Sigibert had "important long-term implications for

828-717: The 1920s, the city had acquired the nickname of la ville rouge , the red city. Until Jacques Doriot in 1934, all mayors of Saint-Denis were members of the Communist Party . During the Second World War , after the defeat of France , Saint-Denis was occupied by the Germans on 13 June 1940. There were several acts of sabotage and strikes , most notably on 14 April 1942 at the Hotchkiss factory. After an insurgency which started on 18 August 1944, Saint-Denis

874-507: The 3rd century, Saint-Denis was a small settlement called Catolacus or Catulliacum , probably meaning "estate of Catullius", a Gallo-Roman landowner. About 250 AD, the first bishop of Paris , Saint Denis , was martyred on Montmartre hill and buried in Catolacus . Shortly after 250 AD, his grave became a shrine and a pilgrimage centre, with the building of the Abbey of Saint Denis , and

920-607: The Franks since 613. In 622, Chlothar made Dagobert king of Austrasia , almost certainly to bind the Austrasian nobility to the ruling Franks. As a child, Dagobert lived under the care of the Carolingian dynasty forebears and Austrasian magnates, Arnulf of Metz and Pepin of Landen . Chlothar attempted to manage the unstable alliances he had with other noble families throughout much of Dagobert's reign. When Chlothar granted Austrasia to Dagobert, he initially excluded Alsace ,

966-791: The Vosges, the Burgundian Gate , and the Transjura . Dagobert made his courtier Gundoin —who incidentally established monasteries in Alsace and Burgundy —the first duke of this new polity that was to last until the end of the Merovingian dynasty. While Austrasian rulers such as Chlothar and Dagobert controlled these regions through part of the seventh-century, they eventually became autonomous kingdoms as powerful aristocratic families sought separate paths across their respective realms. Upon

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1012-572: The convent and also renovated the buildings of the royal abbey. During the French Revolution, not only was the city renamed "Franciade" from 1793 to 1803, but the royal necropolis was looted and destroyed. The remains were removed from the tombs and thrown together; during the French Restoration , since they could not be sorted out anymore, they were reburied in a common ossuary . The last king to be interred in Saint-Denis

1058-537: The death of his father in 629, Dagobert inherited the Neustrian and Burgundian kingdoms. His half-brother Charibert , son of Sichilde , claimed Neustria but Dagobert opposed him. Brodulf, brother of Sichilde, petitioned Dagobert on behalf of his young nephew, but Dagobert assassinated him and became sole king of the Franks. He later gave the Aquitaine to Charibert as a "consolation prize." In 629, Dagobert concluded

1104-796: The dynastic coffers, which Dagobert undertook in Spain for example—one raid there earned him 200,000 gold solidi . Historian Ian Wood claims that Dagobert "was probably richer than most Merovingian monarchs" and cites for example his assistance to the Visigoth Sisenand —whom he aided in his rise to the Visigothic throne in Spain—and for which, Sisenand awarded Dagobert a golden dish weighing some 500 pounds (230 kg). When Charibert and his son Chilperic were assassinated in 632, Dagobert had Burgundy and Aquitaine firmly under his rule, becoming

1150-728: The extension of the metro to Saint-Denis-Université. The stadium is used by the national football and rugby teams for friendly matches. The Coupe de France , Coupe de la Ligue and Top 14 final matches are held there, as well as the Meeting Areva international athletics event. Since 2000, Saint-Denis has worked with seven neighbouring communes ( Aubervilliers , Villetaneuse , Pierrefitte-sur-Seine , Épinay-sur-Seine , L'Île-Saint-Denis (since 2003), Stains (since 2003), and La Courneuve (since 2005)) in Plaine Commune . In 2003, together with Paris, Saint-Denis hosted

1196-660: The first example of high early Gothic Architecture . The new church was consecrated in 1144. Saint-Denis was depopulated in the Hundred Years' War ; of its 10,000 citizens, only 3,000 remained after the war. During the French Wars of Religion , the Battle of Saint-Denis was fought between Catholics and Protestants on 10 November 1567. The Protestants were defeated, but the Catholic commander Anne de Montmorency

1242-469: The following senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: Lycée Bartholdi , Lycée Paul Éluard , Lycée Suger , and Lycée d’application de l’E.N.N.A. Saint-Denis has one private elementary, middle, and high school ( Ensemble Scolaire Jean-Baptiste de la Salle-Notre Dame de la Compassion ) and one private middle and high school ( Collège et lycée Saint-Vincent-de-Paul ). Saint-Denis is twinned with: The 2018 video game Red Dead Redemption 2 features

1288-695: The general structure of Merovingian Francia." As king, Dagobert made Paris his capital. During his reign, he built the Altes Schloss in Meersburg (in modern Germany ), which today is the oldest inhabited castle in that country. Devoutly religious, Dagobert was also responsible for the construction of the Saint Denis Basilica at the site of a Benedictine monastery in Paris. He also appointed St. Arbogast bishop of Strasbourg . Dagobert

1334-764: The highest rate of violent crime in France with 1,899 violent robberies and 1,031 assaults (an average of six robberies and three assaults per day) To fight insecurity and delinquency, the Minister of Public Safety Jean-Marc Ayrault increased national police force in the Basilica district and the Landy Nord, classifying them as a Priority Security Zone 'ZSP' since 2012. In 2014, a total of 14,437 crimes were reported for 110,000 inhabitants. Saint-Denis made international headlines for violent disorder before and after

1380-515: The king's referendary St. Audoen . The Chronicle of Fredegar names three queens. Nanthild , Wulfegundis, and Berchildis, but none of the concubines. In 625/6 Dagobert married Gormatrude, a sister of his father's wife Sichilde . The marriage was childless. After divorcing Gormatrude in 629/30 he made Nanthild , a Saxon servant ( puella ) from his personal entourage, his new queen. She gave birth to Clovis II (b. 634/5) later king of Neustria and Burgundy. Shortly after his marriage to Nanthild,

1426-590: The most powerful Merovingian king in many years and the most respected ruler in the West. In 631, Dagobert led a large army against Samo , the ruler of the Slavic Wends, partly at the request of the Germanic peoples living in the eastern territories and also due to Dagobert's quarrel with him about the Wends having robbed and killed a number of Frankish merchants. While Dagobert's Austrasian forces were defeated at

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1472-780: The north-western part of La Chapelle-Saint-Denis. During the 19th century, Saint-Denis became increasingly industrialised. Transport was much improved: in 1824 the Canal Saint-Denis was constructed, linking the Canal de l'Ourcq in the northeast of Paris to the River Seine at the level of L'Île-Saint-Denis , and in 1843 the first railway reached Saint-Denis. By the end of the century, there were 80 factories in Saint-Denis. The presence of so many industries also gave rise to an important socialist movement . In 1892, Saint-Denis elected its first socialist administration, and by

1518-513: The opening game. Inhabitants of Saint-Denis are called Dionysiens in French. An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. As of 2008 18.1% of

1564-452: The period of their combined rule as the "apogee of Merovingian royal power." Dagobert went down in history as one of the greatest Frankish kings, in spite of his mediocre military record (cf. his defeats by the Saxons and the Wends), having held his lands against the eastern hordes and with noblemen as far away as Bavaria , who sought his overlordship. Only thirty six when he died, Dagobert

1610-671: The population of Saint-Denis was Maghrebian. Melissa K. Brynes, author of French Like Us? Municipal Policies and North African Migrants in the Parisian Banlieues, 1945–1975 , wrote that in the middle of the 20th century, "few of [the Paris-area communes with North African populations] were as engaged with their migrant communities as the Dionysiens." Saint-Denis is served by Metro , RER , tram , and Transilien connections. The Saint-Denis rail station, built in 1846,

1656-469: The rule of Dagobert's father and like-minded Merovingians, Frankish society during the seventh-century experienced greater integration—the Catholic faith became predominant for instance—and a generally improved economic situation, but there was no initial impetus for the political unification of Gaul. Clothar II did not seek to force his Neustrian neighbors into submission, choosing instead a policy of cooperation. This did not prohibit plunder-raids to replenish

1702-564: The second European Social Forum . On 13–14 November 2015, Saint-Denis was the main location of a series of mass shootings and hostage-takings just outside the Stade de France. On 18 November, a major follow-up raid occurred. Several suspects were killed, including alleged mastermind Abdelhamid Abaaoud . In 2016, Saint-Denis was one of the host cities of the UEFA European Football Championships, including

1748-533: The settlement was renamed Saint-Denis. In 1793, during the French Revolution , under the dictatorship of Robespierre, Saint-Denis was renamed Franciade in a gesture of rejection of religion. In 1803, however, under the Consulate of Napoléon Bonaparte , the city reverted to its former name of Saint-Denis. During its history, Saint-Denis has been closely associated with the French royal house. Starting from Dagobert I (c. 603–639), almost every French king

1794-404: Was Louis XVIII (1755 – 1824). After France became a republic and an empire , Saint-Denis lost its association with royalty. On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasion, the commune of La Chapelle-Saint-Denis was disbanded and divided between the city of Paris, Saint-Denis, Saint-Ouen , and Aubervilliers . Saint-Denis received

1840-444: Was beloved in many ways according to Fredegar, who wrote that "He rendered justice to rich and poor alike," adding that, "he took little sleep or food, and cared only so to act that all men should leave his presence full of joy and admiration." Such images do not fully convey the power and domination wielded by Frankish kings like Dagobert, who along with his father Chlothar, reigned to such a degree that historian Patrick Geary described

1886-415: Was buried in the Basilica. However, Saint-Denis is older than that. In the 2nd century, there was a Gallo-Roman village named Catolacus on the location that Saint-Denis occupies today. Saint Denis , the first bishop of Paris and patron saint of France, was martyred in about 250 AD and buried in the cemetery of Catolacus. Denis' tomb quickly became a place of worship. Around 475 AD, Sainte Geneviève had

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1932-489: Was certified gold. He followed it up with album Caliente in 2020 with collaborations from Maes , Leto and PLK . *Did not appear in the official Belgian Ultratop 50 charts, but rather in the bubbling under Ultratip charts. *Did not appear in the official Belgian Ultratop 50 charts, but rather in the bubbling under Ultratip charts. Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis Saint-Denis ( / ˌ s æ̃ d ə ˈ n iː / , French: [sɛ̃d(ə)ni] )

1978-557: Was formerly the only one in Saint-Denis, but today serves as an interchange station for the Transilien Paris – Nord (Line H) suburban rail line and RER line D . The French rail company SNCF is also based in the town. Paris Métro Line 12 : Paris Métro Line 13 : Tramways in Île-de-France : Regional Rail: Saint-Denis has a comparatively higher crime rate than most surroundings communes , with higher rates of robbery, drugs offences and murder. In 2010 Saint-Denis had

2024-517: Was killed. In 1590, the city surrendered to Henry IV , who converted to Catholicism in 1593 in the abbey of Saint-Denis. King Louis XIV (1638–1715) started several industries in Saint-Denis: weaving and spinning mills and dyehouses. His successor, Louis XV (1710–1774), whose daughter was a nun in the Carmelite convent , took a lively interest in the city: he added a chapel to

2070-452: Was liberated by the 2nd Armored Division (France) on 27 August 1944. After the war, the economic crisis of the 1970s and 1980s hit the city, which was strongly dependent on its heavy industry. During the 1990s, however, the city started to grow again. The 1998 FIFA World Cup provided an enormous impulse; the main stadium for the tournament, the Stade de France , was built in Saint-Denis, along with many infrastructural improvements, such as

2116-479: Was not expecting unitary rule to continue given the diverging interests of the Austrasian and Neustrian Franks, atop those of the Aquitanians and Burgundians. Upon Dagobert's death in 639, Pepin of Landen was able to recoup his position at Metz. Meanwhile, Dagobert was buried in the abbey of Saint Denis Basilica, Paris , the first Frankish king to be buried there. Dagobert's interment at Saint-Denis established

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