17-513: Trachycarpus fortunei Trachycarpus geminisectus Trachycarpus latisectus Trachycarpus martianus Trachycarpus nanus Trachycarpus oreophilus Trachycarpus princeps Trachycarpus ravenii Trachycarpus takil Trachycarpus ukhrulensis Trachycarpus is a genus of eleven species of palms native to Asia , from the Himalaya east to eastern China . They are fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae ), with
34-664: A rounded fan of numerous leaflets. Each leaf is 140–190 cm (4 ft 7 in – 6 ft 3 in) long, with the petiole 60–100 cm (2 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in) long, and the leaflets up to 90 cm (2 ft 11 in) long. It is a somewhat variable plant, especially as regards its general appearance; and some specimens are to be seen with leaf segments having straight and others having drooping tips. The flowers are yellow (male) and greenish (female), about 2–4 mm ( 3 ⁄ 32 – 5 ⁄ 32 in) across, borne in large branched panicles up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long in spring; it
51-525: Is Trachycarpus fortunei (Chusan palm or windmill palm), which is the northernmost naturally-growing palm species in the world. Cities as far north as London , Dublin , Paris , Seattle and Vancouver have long term cultivated palms in several areas. The dwarf form, known as T. wagnerianus, is unknown in the wild, and is now considered synonymous with T. fortunei or treated as a cultivar of that species. It resembles T. fortunei closely, differing only in its smaller and stiffer leaves. Hybrids between
68-649: Is dioecious , with male and female flowers produced on separate trees. The fruit is a yellow to blue-black, reniform (kidney-shaped) drupe 10–12 mm ( 13 ⁄ 32 – 15 ⁄ 32 in) long, ripening in mid-autumn. This plant has been cultivated in China and Japan for thousands of years. This makes tracking its natural range difficult. It is believed to originate in central China ( Hubei southwards), southern Japan ( Kyushu ), south to northern Myanmar and northern India , growing at altitudes of 100–2,400 m (328–7,874 ft). Trachycarpus fortunei
85-528: Is a species of hardy evergreen palm tree in the family Arecaceae, native to parts of China, Japan, Myanmar and India. Growing to 12–20 m (39–66 ft) tall, Trachycarpus fortunei is a single-stemmed fan palm . The diameter of the trunk is up to 15–30 cm (6–12 in). Its texture is very rough, with the persistent leaf bases clasping the stem as layers of coarse dark grey-brown fibrous material. The leaves have long petioles which are bare except for two rows of small spines, terminating in
102-424: Is important. The extent of this cultivation means that the exact natural range of the species is uncertain. Trachycarpus fortunei is cultivated as a trunking palm in gardens and parks throughout the world in warm temperate and subtropical climates. Its tolerance of cool summers and cold winters makes it valued by palm enthusiasts, landscape designers and gardeners. It is grown successfully in cool climates such as
119-657: Is one of the hardiest palms . It tolerates cool, moist summers as well as cold winters, as it grows at much higher altitudes than other species, up to 2,400 m (7,874 ft) in the mountains of southern China. However, it is not the northernmost naturally occurring palm in the world, as European fan palm ( Chamaerops humilis ) grows further north in the Mediterranean. Trachycarpus fortunei has been cultivated in China and Japan for thousands of years, for its coarse but very strong leaf sheath fibre, used for making rope, sacks, and other coarse cloth where great strength
136-412: The leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The leaf bases produce persistent fibres that often give the trunk a characteristic hairy appearance. All species are dioecious , with male and female flowers produced on separate plants although female plants will sometimes produce male flowers, allowing occasional self-pollination. The most common species in cultivation
153-687: The Kew Horticultural Gardens and the Royal garden of Prince Albert of the United Kingdom. It was later named Trachycarpus fortunei , after him. It was first described by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1850 in his Historia Naturalis Palmarum but under the illegitimate name of Chamaerops excelsa . The names Chamaerops excelsus and Trachycarpus excelsus have occasionally been misapplied to Trachycarpus fortunei ; these are correctly synonyms of Rhapis excelsa , with
170-542: The UK, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, western Poland as well as southern and western Germany. In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit . Due to its widespread use as an ornamental plant, the palm has become naturalised in southern regions of Switzerland, and has become an invasive species of concern. In North America, mature specimens can be found growing in
187-484: The coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest, the upper southern states, and Mid-Atlantic states. Lower tolerance limits of −15 to −20 °C (5 to −4 °F) are commonly cited for mature plants. Young plants are less hardy, and can be damaged by only −8 °C (18 °F). Individuals of the cultivar T. f. ' Nainital ' have lived outside in the northern Connecticut town of Woodbury. continuously since
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#1732802262046204-537: The confusion arising due to a misunderstanding of Japanese vernacular names. Fan palm Fan palm as a descriptive term can refer to any of several different kinds of palms ( Arecaceae ) in various genera with leaves that are palmately lobed (rather than pinnately compound). Most are members of the subfamily Coryphoideae , though a few genera in subfamily Calamoideae ( Mauritia , Mauritiella and Lepidocaryum ) also have palmate leaves. Fan palm genera include: Fan palm can also be used as part of
221-560: The early 2000s with protection, where some winters have reached −21 °C (−6 °F). et al. , 2016 found one healthy specimen in Plovdiv, Bulgaria , which has survived a low temperature of -27.5 °C. The cultivar group Trachycarpus fortunei 'Wagnerianus' is a small-leafed semi-dwarf variant of the species selected in cultivation in China and Japan. It differs in rarely growing to more than 5 m (16 ft) tall, with leaflets less than 45 cm (1 ft 6 in) long;
238-400: The former is known from cultivation as Trachycarpus sp. "Manipur" or Trachycarpus sp. "Naga Hills". The trunk fibres produced by the leaf sheaths of Trachycarpus fortunei are harvested in China and elsewhere to make coarse but very strong rope , brooms and brushes . This use gives rise to the old alternative name "hemp-palm". The fibrous leaf sheaths are also frequently used to clothe
255-614: The short stature and small leaves give it greater tolerance of wind exposure. It has often been treated as a separate species T. wagnerianus in popular works, but is now included within T. fortunei . The young flower buds are cooked and eaten in a variety of ways. The species was brought from Japan ( Dejima ) to Europe by the German physician Philipp Franz von Siebold in 1830. The common name refers to Chusan Island (now Zhoushan Island ), where Robert Fortune first saw cultivated specimens. In 1849, Fortune smuggled plants from China to
272-711: The stems of artificial palms. This genus is very popular among palm enthusiasts for its ability to withstand cold, especially in the form of damp, cool summer weather with relatively mild winter weather. These palms often tolerate snow in their native habitats and are the hardiest trunking palms. Trachycarpus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Paysandisia archon (recorded on T. fortunei ). Trachycarpus fortunei Trachycarpus fortunei , known in English as Chusan palm and in American as Chinese windmill palm ,
289-719: The two are intermediate in size and fully fertile. Trachycarpus takil (the Kumaon palm) is similar to T. fortunei and probably even hardier. Other species less common in cultivation are T. geminisectus , T. princeps , T. latisectus , T. martianus , T. nanus and T. oreophilus . Trachycarpus martianus and T. latisectus do not tolerate cold as well as T. fortunei or T. takil . Trachycarpus geminisectus , T. princeps and T. oreophilus are still too rare and small in cultivation to assess their full potential. Two additional species have been described recently: Trachycarpus ukhrulensis from Manipur and T. ravenii from Laos ;
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