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35-697: A laurel branch in the coat of arms of Tuusula refers to the local artist community and a wheellock was borrowed from the coat of arms of the Stålhane noble family, which has long been influential in Tuusula. The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson in 1953. Tuusula, lying on the shores of Tuusulanjärvi lake, is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Uusimaa region . It covers an area of 225.45 square kilometres (87.05 sq mi) of which 5.95 km (2.30 sq mi)

70-675: A triumph . The emperors in the Julio-Claudian dynasty all sourced their Laurel wreaths from the original tree planted by Livia. It was taken as an omen of the impending end of the Julio-Claudian dynasty that in the reign of Nero the entire grove died, shortly before he was assassinated. Rome's second Emperor Tiberius wore wreaths of laurel whenever there was stormy weather because it was widely believed that Laurel trees were immune to lightning strikes, affording protection to those who brandished it. One reason for this belief

105-442: A leaf. The leaves are glabrous, 6–12 cm (2–5 in) long and 2–4 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 5 ⁄ 8  in) broad, with an entire (untoothed) margin. On some leaves the margin undulates. The fruit is a small, shiny black drupe-like berry about 1 cm ( 3 ⁄ 8  in) long that contains one seed. Laurus nobilis is a widespread relict of the laurel forests that originally covered much of

140-454: A priestess of Gaia (Mother Earth), and when he tried to seduce her she pleaded for help to Gaia, who transported her to Crete . In Daphne's place Gaia left a laurel tree, from which Apollo fashioned wreaths to console himself. Other versions of the myth, including that of the Roman poet Ovid , state that Daphne was transformed directly into a laurel tree. Bay laurel was used to fashion

175-452: A simple garnish . Whole bay leaves have a long shelf life of about one year, under normal temperature and humidity. Whole bay leaves are used almost exclusively as flavor agents during the food preparation stage. Ground bay leaves, however, can be ingested safely and are often used in soups and stocks , as well as being a common addition to a Bloody Mary . Dried laurel berries and pressed leaf oil can both be used as robust spices, and

210-490: Is a poultice soaked in boiled bay leaves. The Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder listed a variety of conditions which laurel oil was supposed to treat: paralysis, spasms, sciatica , bruises, headaches, catarrhs , ear infections, and rheumatism. In Greek , the plant is called δάφνη dáphnē , after the mythic mountain nymph of the same name . In the myth of Apollo and Daphne , the god Apollo fell in love with Daphne,

245-423: Is also the source of the words baccalaureate and poet laureate , as well as the expressions "assume the laurel" and "resting on one's laurels". Pliny the Elder stated that the laurel was not permitted for "profane" uses – lighting it on fire at altars "for the propitiation of divinities" was strictly forbidden, because "it is very evident that the laurel protests against such usage by crackling as it does in

280-436: Is an evergreen shrub or small tree , variable in size and sometimes reaching 7–18 m (23–59 ft) tall. The genus Laurus includes three accepted species, whose diagnostic key characters often overlap. The bay laurel is dioecious ( unisexual ), with male and female flowers on separate plants. Each flower is pale yellow-green, about 1 cm ( 3 ⁄ 8  in) diameter, and they are borne in pairs beside

315-688: Is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glabrous (smooth) leaves. It is in the flowering plant family Lauraceae . It is native to the Mediterranean region and is used as bay leaf for seasoning in cooking. Its common names include bay tree (esp. United Kingdom), bay laurel , sweet bay , true laurel , Grecian laurel , or simply laurel . Laurus nobilis figures prominently in classical Greco-Roman culture. Worldwide, many other kinds of plants in diverse families are also called "bay" or "laurel", generally due to similarity of foliage or aroma to Laurus nobilis . The laurel

350-460: Is because laurel crackles loudly when on fire. It led ancient Romans to believe the plant was inhabited by a "heavenly fire demon ", and was therefore "immune" from outer threats like fire or lightning. In modern Italy, laurel wreaths are worn as a crown by graduating school students. An early Chinese etiological myth for the phases of the moon involved a great forest or tree which quickly grew and lost its leaves and flowers every month. After

385-433: Is now Tuusula was located in the larger municipality of Sipoo . In 1643, it became a separate parish in the municipality, and in 1653, it became a separate municipality. Tuusula's boundaries have not always remained the same: in 1924 the municipality of Kerava split from here; in 1950 the municipality of Korso was split between Tuusula, Kerava, and Sipoo; and in 1951 the municipality of Järvenpää split from here. During

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420-525: Is officially Finnish . Swedish was the second official language until 1943. Today only 2% are Swedish-speaking. Population in: Results of the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election in Tuusula: Tuusula is twinned with: Due its proximity to the Helsinki, Tuusula is, for the most part, a commuter town. Tuusula itself has around 10,000 jobs. 66% of the jobs are in the service sector, 31% in

455-516: Is the Tuusulanväylä motorway . The neighbouring communes are Vantaa to the south, Nurmijärvi to the west, Hyvinkää to the north, Mäntsälä and Järvenpää to the north east, and Sipoo and Kerava to the east. Huikko , Hyrylä , Jokela , Jäniksenlinna , Kellokoski , Kirkonkylä , Lahela , Myllykylä , Nahkela , Paijala , Riihikallio , Ruotsinkylä , Ruskela , Rusutjärvi , Savikulma , Siippoo , Vanhakylä The area in what

490-446: Is water. The population density is 191.83 inhabitants per square kilometre (496.8/sq mi). Tuusula has three population centres. The administrative centre is Hyrylä (about 19,500 residents), other two are Jokela (5,300 residents) and Kellokoski (4,300 residents). The remaining 4,400 residents are distributed to the rural areas outside of municipal centres. The most significant main road connection between Hyrylä and Helsinki

525-641: The Crimean War (1853–1856), a Russian garrison was stationed in what is now Hyrylä. The modern parish mostly developed around it. The area had always been a fairly fertile area, thus encouraging farming. The development of other industries began in 1795, when an ironworks was created in Kellokoski that functioned until the 1980s. The establishment of a railway in Jokela furthered the growth. Soon after this industrial time another aspect of Tuusulan history

560-637: The Mediterranean Basin when the climate of the region was more humid. With the drying of the Mediterranean during the Pliocene era, the laurel forests gradually retreated, and were replaced by the more drought-tolerant sclerophyll plant communities familiar today. Most of the last remaining laurel forests around the Mediterranean are believed to have disappeared approximately ten thousand years ago, although some remnants still persist in

595-737: The Mid-Autumn Festival . However, in English, it is often associated with the more well-known cassia ( Cinnamomum cassia , now known in Chinese as the 肉桂 or "meat gui ") while, in modern Chinese, it has instead become associated with the Mediterranean laurel. By the Qing dynasty , the chengyu "pluck osmanthus in the Toad Palace" ( 蟾宫折桂 , Chángōng zhé guì ) meant passing the imperial examinations , which were held around

630-468: The Sui and Tang dynasties , this was sometimes connected to a woodsman named Wu Gang , sentenced to cut at a self-repairing tree as a punishment for varying offenses. The tree was originally identified as a 桂 ( guì ) and described in the terms of the osmanthus ( Osmanthus fragrans , now known in Chinese as the 桂花 or " gui flower"), whose blossoms are still used to flavor wine and confections for

665-552: The laurel wreath of ancient Greece , a symbol of highest status. A wreath of bay laurels was given as the prize at the Pythian Games because the games were in honor of Apollo, and the laurel was one of his symbols. According to the poet Lucian , the priestess of Apollo known as the Pythia reputedly chewed laurel leaves from a sacred tree growing inside the temple to induce the enthusiasmos (trance) from which she uttered

700-511: The Civil Wars and his close association with Apollo. Suetonius relates the story of Augustus' wife, and Rome's first Empress, Livia , who planted a sprig of laurel on the grounds of her villa at Prima Porta after an eagle dropped a hen with the sprig clutched in its beak onto her lap. The sprig grew into a full-size tree which fostered an entire grove of laurel trees, which were in turn added to by subsequent Emperors when they celebrated

735-496: The desired height. Together with a gold form, L. nobilis 'Aurea' and a willow-leaved form L. nobilis f. angustifolia , it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . One of the most important pests affecting ornamental laurels is caused by the jumping plant louse Trioza alacris , which induces the curling and thickening of the edge of the leaves for the development of

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770-413: The driver was unable to see or react in time to the distant signal that warned about a divergent routing with a turnout speed limit of 35 kilometres per hour (22 mph) ahead. The visibility was a few dozen metres. Before the accident, drivers of passing trains had reported that the visibility of signals was very low. Moreover, the printed notice about the track diversion, the so-called weekly warning,

805-532: The eastern shore of the lake is an outside museum. The Jokela rail crash was a rail crash which occurred on 21 April 1996 here. Jokela High School was the site of the Jokela school shooting , a school shooting which occurred on 7 November 2007, leaving 9 dead (including the 18-year-old perpetrator, Pekka-Eric Auvinen ). Tuusula, in the Helsinki suburbs, has been in a positive balance of population, with it more than doubling in size since 1970. The municipality

840-583: The family – a father and a son – acquired both town rights and the status of staple town for the village at the time. The most abundant component found in laurel essential oil is 1,8-cineole , also called eucalyptol. The leaves contain about 1.3% essential oils ( ol. lauri folii ), consisting of 45% eucalyptol , 12% other terpenes , 8–12% terpinyl acetate , 3–4% sesquiterpenes , 3% methyleugenol , and other α- and β- pinenes , phellandrene , linalool , geraniol , and terpineol . It contains lauric acid also. Both essential and fatty oils are present in

875-652: The fire, thus, in a manner, giving expression to its abhorrence of such treatment". Laurel was closely associated with the Roman Emperors, beginning with Augustus . Two Laurel trees flanked the entrance to Augustus' house on the Palatine Hill in Rome, which itself was connected to the Temple of Apollo Palatinus , which Augustus had built. Thus, the laurels had the dual purpose of advertising Augustus' victory in

910-801: The fruit. The fruit is pressed and water-extracted to obtain these products. The fruit contains up to 30% fatty oils and about 1% essential oils (terpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols , and ketones ). This laurel oil is the characteristic ingredient of Aleppo soap . The chemical compound lauroside B has been isolated from Laurus nobilis . Jokela rail crash The Jokela rail accident occurred on 21 April 1996, at 07:08 local time (04:08 UTC ) in Tuusula , Finland, approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi) north of Helsinki . Four people were killed and 75 injured when express train P82 from Oulu , bound for Helsinki, derailed in heavy fog . The overnight sleeper train

945-402: The insect's nymphs , eventually creating a necrosed gall . The species is also affected by the scale insect Coccus hesperidum . In herbal medicine , aqueous extracts of bay laurel have been used as an astringent and salve for open wounds. It is also used in massage therapy and aromatherapy . A folk remedy for rashes caused by poison ivy , poison oak , and stinging nettle

980-590: The mountains of southern Turkey , northern Syria , southern Spain , north-central Portugal , northern Morocco , the Canary Islands and in Madeira . The plant is the source of several popular herbs and one spice used in a wide variety of recipes, particularly among Mediterranean cuisines. Most commonly, the aromatic leaves are added whole to Italian pasta sauces. They are typically removed from dishes before serving, although they may also be used as

1015-534: The oracular prophecies for which she was famous. Some accounts starting in the fourth century BC describe her as shaking a laurel branch while delivering her prophecies. Those who received promising omens from the Pythia were crowned with laurel wreaths as a symbol of Apollo's favor. The symbolism carried over to Roman culture , which held the laurel as a symbol of victory. It was also associated with immortality, with ritual purification, prosperity and health. It

1050-464: The time of the lunar festival. The similar association in Europe of laurels with victory and success led to its translation into Chinese as the 月桂 or "Moon gui ". The laurel leaves in the coat of arms of Kaskinen , Finland ( Swedish : Kaskö ) may have been meant to refer to local flowering, but its origin may also be in the name of the family Bladh ( Swedish : blad ; 'leaf'); two members of

1085-418: The wood can be burnt for strong smoke flavoring . Laurus nobilis is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in regions with Mediterranean or oceanic climates , and as a house plant or greenhouse plant in colder regions. It is used in topiary to create single erect stems with ball-shaped, box-shaped or twisted crowns; also for low hedges. However, it is slow-growing and may take several years to reach

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1120-511: The workforce, and 1.5% are farmers. The unemployment rate amounted to 3% (2007), far below the national average. From the centre of Tuusula, Hyrylä, there are good bus connections to Helsinki, via the Tuusula motorway . There are also two train stations in the main railway line of Finland, Jokela and Nuppulinna . Nuppulinna, however, was discontinued in 2016. Tuusula's network of schools include: Laurus nobilis Laurus nobilis / ˈ l ɔːr ə s ˈ n ɒ b ɪ l ɪ s /

1155-413: Was carrying 139 passengers and five crew members. The official investigation found the accident was caused by overspeeding through a slow-speed turnout. It is estimated that the total cost of the accident was over FIM 26 million ( € 4.3 million). Railway maintenance work was going on near Jokela railway station , and the usual southbound track was out of service. Because of heavy fog and high speed,

1190-415: Was confusingly written. When arriving at the home signal, the train was still running at 133 kilometres per hour (83 mph), having missed the distant signal imposing a limit of 35 kilometres per hour (22 mph). Upon noticing the signal, the driver made an emergency brake application but could only decrease the speed to 124 kilometres per hour (77 mph) before the train entered the turnout. During

1225-510: Was realised. The Tuusulanjärvi lake attracted many artists who wanted to paint the beautiful landscape. Following the footsteps of Aleksis Kivi , the Finnish national poet who spent the last years of his life in a hut on the shores of the lake, Jean Sibelius , Juhani Aho , and Pekka Halonen even established their main residences here. Recently these houses have become tourist sites, especially Sibelius' house Ainola . Also, Tuusula Lake Road on

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