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38-525: Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent. In Malaysia, all non- hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form

76-806: A distant member of the royal family (i.e.: Pengiran) is given the title Pengiran Anak; the title is lost if they divorce. According to the Royal Custom (Adat Istiadat), the noble title of Pengiran will be given to at least five generations of Pengiran Anak descendants (grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and great-great-grandchildren) and they will no longer use the Pengiran Anak titles. The unmarried children of Pengiran are styled as Awangku for males and Dayangku for females. Not to be confused with Brunei's equivalent of Mr. (Awang) and Ms. (Dayang), which applies to everyone with no royal titles. Titles of Malaysian royalty and rulers: In Malaysia,

114-599: A million Ferrari cars, nobody will care about buying a Ferrari." The Sultan Nazrin Shah of Perak , stated "That is my view. You degrade the award and the Ruler has the right to revoke it. In my opinion, it should be taken away." He also stated that "Sometimes, I think we give away too many datukships... it dilutes and devalues the award." In the first government following the independence of Malaya in 1957, 5 of 15 cabinet Ministers were Datuks. The Minister of Finance of Malaysia at

152-608: A person's name is: honorary style, professional rank, royal hereditary title, federal title, state title, non-royal hereditary title, Doctor (of medicine or philosophy), Haji/Hajah (for Muslim men and women who have performed the Hajj ), name. For instance, in Brunei, the Wazir is a group of royal nobles, namely one of the royal princes who is gahara (pure descendants of the Sultan ), are

190-605: A person's title, and by themselves as forms of address: The English versions of these styles follow British usage. Thus the prime minister, cabinet ministers, senators, state executive councillors and judges of the High Court and above are styled the Honorable or the Right Honorable , although technically it is a solecism to style the prime minister or heads of courts Right Honourable as they are not members of

228-570: A supernumerary and honorary capacity, and may use the title locally. The Tun title has existed in Malay traditional society for hundreds of years. In ancient times, Tun was an honorific title used by noble people of royal lineage, inherited by the male descendants. Over time, the Tun title has become a title conferred by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to the most-deserving recipient who has highly contributed to

266-520: Is Pehin Orang Kaya Pendikar Alam , state title is Dato Paduka Seri and traditional Bruneian prefix title for non-royalty is Awang (Mr.). When in the home state, the state title may precede the federal title . An example is the current Premier of Sarawak , Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg , whose federal title is Tan Sri and whose state title is Datuk Patinggi . His title will be expressed as either: Another exception

304-531: Is a federal title that has been conferred since 1965 . It is limited to recipients of Panglima Jasa Negara ( Commander of the Order of Meritorious Service ) (PJN) and Panglima Setia Diraja ( Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia ) (PSD). There may be up to 200 living PJN holders and 200 living PSD holders at any one time. The title of the wife of a male Datuk is Datin ; women with

342-652: Is correct: The following titles are hereditary and reserved for the royal families of Brunei and nine royal states of Malaysia . The following official titles are used for members of the royal house in Brunei Darussalam. As Brunei is an absolute monarchy, it is important to address royal family members with the correct title. Improper usage may cause discomfort. The Sultan and the Queen of Brunei are styled as Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda (KDYMM PSB) (literally 'his/her most glorious majesty who

380-629: Is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man. Singapore , whose Malay royalty was abolished by the British colonial government in 1891, has adopted civic titles for its leaders. Much of the Philippines was historically accustomed to the usage of Malay titles by its royals and nobles , such as Raja Sulayman and Dayang Kalangitan in Luzon. Malay titles are still prominently used by

418-481: Is raised most high'): For those who have blood-ties with the royal family who are married, styled as Prince or Princess in English, and given the hereditary honorific prefix Pengiran : Exclusive royal titles for the descendant of Princess Nor Ehsani , the only surviving female heir of the 26th Sultan of Brunei, Ahmad Tajuddin , the uncle of the current Sovereign Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah ; A person who marries

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456-760: Is the second-most senior federal title and a honorific, used to denote recipients of the Panglima Mangku Negara ( Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm ) (PMN) and the Panglima Setia Mahkota ( Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia ) (PSM). The wife of a Tan Sri is called Puan Sri . The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style of Yang Berbahagia or (The Felicitous). Examples: Datuk

494-482: Is when a person has received an award from a state other than the person's home state; when visiting the award-bestowing state, that state's title will take the place of a home state's title (if any). As an example, the current Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim will be titled as follows: A style carried by virtue of royal title always trumps those carried by non-royal titles. Male royals may choose to append 'al-Haj' to their name instead of using 'Haji'. The following example

532-710: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) grants honours to recipients nominated by the Government of Malaysia as awards which are honorary and non-hereditary. These honours may also be revoked by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or returned by the individual. Some of the highest honours bestowed carries with them the titles of Tun , Tan Sri , or Datuk . There is a maximum number of Malaysian subjects who may be award-holders at any one time. These numerical limits apply only to Malaysian subjects. Foreigners may be awarded such titles in

570-698: The Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Not all Datuk s have lived exemplary lives, and some have been convicted of crimes. The various rulers have recently taken steps to ensure the integrity of the institution by means of consultation and the revoking of the given titles. Mahathir Mohamad mentioned that one of the problems with titles in Malaysia is the numbers of them given out. He stated in an interview "Personally, I feel if you want to give value to anything, it must be limited... if you produce

608-482: The Reform era . Provinces have a local government , consisting of a governor ( Gubernur ) and a regional legislative body ( Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Provinsi ). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. Provincial governments have the authority to regulate and manage their own government affairs, subject to

646-719: The traditional ministers posts in Brunei . This title is mainly used in Sarawak . Awarded to individuals who have been appointed as Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak or equivalent or higher. An example of the title in Sarawak would be Tun Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud , Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak. This title is mainly used in Malacca . Awarded to individuals who have been appointed as Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca or equivalent or higher. An example of

684-476: The authority of the Provincial Government includes: The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by

722-585: The country. Article 18 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution states that "the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws." According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014)

760-462: The creation of additional provinces (by the splitting of existing provinces) have been considered by the Indonesian government, but further action has been suspended since 2013 under a moratorium declared on any creations of further provinces, regencies or cities. However, in 2022, 9 years later, Central Papua , Highland Papua , South Papua , and Southwest Papua became the youngest provinces in

798-408: The federal government to allow JPs to sit as second-class magistrates to reduce the backlog of cases in the courts. If a person has been awarded several honours from different states, the title used varies. For example, sometimes former Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad is usually referred to as YABhg Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad anywhere in Malaysia. However, different terms of address may be used in

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836-451: The government to check the list of inmates in all prisons. I want any inmate with federal awards or honours to have their award withdrawn. This is only for federal awards and honours. As for awards conferred by other states, I do not interfere,". Provinces of Indonesia Provinces are the first-level administrative divisions of Indonesia . It is formerly called the first-level provincial region ( provinsi daerah tingkat I ) before

874-540: The head of state, or may be returned by the individual. Dato' Sri or Dato' Seri (sometimes Dato’ is spelled and pronounced Datuk in some states) is the highest state title conferred by the Ruler on the most deserving recipients who have contributed greatly to the nation or state. It ranks below the federal title Tun, and is an honour equivalent to federal title Tan Sri. The wife of a recipient is Datin Sri or Datin Seri. In many cases,

912-408: The independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established. West Java , Central Java , East Java , and Maluku still exist as of today despite later divisions, while Sumatra , Kalimantan , Sulawesi , and Nusa Tenggara , formerly Lesser Sunda ( Sunda Kecil ) were fully liquidated by dividing them into new provinces. The province of Central Sumatra existed from 1948 to 1957, while East Timor

950-682: The limits of the central government . The average land area of all 38 provinces in Indonesia is about 49,800 km (19,200 sq mi), and they had an average population in mid 2023 of 7,334,111 people. Currently, Indonesia is divided into 38 provinces, nine of which have special autonomous status. The terminology for special status are " Istimewa " and " Khusus ", which translates to 'special' or 'designated' in English. Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies/cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II ), which are in turn subdivided into districts ( kecamatan ). Proposals for

988-650: The nation. Tun is the most senior federal title awarded to recipients of either the Seri Maharaja Mangku Negara ( Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm ) (SMN) or Seri Setia Mahkota ( Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia ) (SSM). However, the SMN and SSM are not the highest federal awards , ranking fourth and fifth, respectively. There may not be more than 25 (SMN) and 35 (SSM) living holders of each of these awards respectively at any one time. The title for

1026-610: The number of Malaysian nationals who may hold a state title or honour at one time is limited. Such limits do not apply to foreigners. This title is mainly used in Brunei Darussalam. An example of the title in Brunei would be Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Bakti Di-Raja Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Isa , the former Minister of Home Affairs and the current Special Adviser to the Sultan of Brunei. The titles refers to

1064-443: The period following the fall of Suharto . Some provinces have been granted additional autonomy beyond this. The form this special autonomy takes is not standardized, with provinces gaining different formulations of specific autonomy based on particular political imperatives. The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function. Upon

1102-643: The plan, simultaneous partial local elections were held in February 2017 , June 2018 and December 2020 , culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts in November 2024 and then every five years. The decentralization of some power and autonomy to provinces is called for by Article 18 of the Constitution of Indonesia , and this article was expanded through amendments in October 1999 in

1140-605: The province. Each province has a local government , headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under

1178-471: The royal houses of Sulu and Maguindanao among other noble lineages in Mindanao in preservation of genealogies. Officially, the republic does not grant royal or noble titles according to the 1987 Constitution . Indonesia , meanwhile, as a republic, does not recognise hereditary rulers and aristocratic systems outside of Yogyakarta . The sequence that should be used when formally writing or addressing

Malay styles and titles - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-619: The second-highest official post in the nation, right behind the Sultan. Following this, the Cheteria , only bestowed upon the Pengiran , who perform specific jobs and are ranked above the Manteri , a group of non-royal nobles. An example of a Manteri would be the former police commissioner of Brunei , Hasrin Sabtu , whose honorary title would be Yang Dimuliakan ( The Exalted One ), noble rank

1254-792: The states that he visits. In Sarawak, he will be referred to as YABhg Tun Pehin Sri Mahathir Mohamad as he received the Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Sarawak (SBS) from the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak . While in Sabah, he is referred to as Tun Datuk Seri Panglima Dr. Mahathir Mohamad , as he received the Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) from the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah . The following are used as styles, both before

1292-476: The time, Tan Siew Sin , held the title Justice of Peace . Later, he was granted a Federal award which carried the title Tun . The father of Malayan independence, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , received no awards and carried the title Tunku , which he inherited as the prince of the state of Kedah. He was honorarily referred to as Yang Teramat Mulia (YTM). The Senate held only 14 Datuk s, and House of Representatives held only seven. The Malacca government

1330-544: The title can take either the title Datin or Datuk . The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style of Yang Berbahagia (The Felicitous). Examples: In Brunei, the title Dato is now comparable to the Commonwealth 's Sir and is frequently used with a great non-royal chief. In Malaysia, state honours are awarded by the respective heads of the thirteen states . Such titles are honorary and non-hereditary. State titles may be revoked or suspended by

1368-495: The title in Malacca would be Tun Seri Setia (Dr.) Haji Mohd Ali Rustam , Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca. Justice of Peace (JP) ranks below all Dato ' or Datuk . In Malaysia, Justices of Peace have largely been replaced in magistrates' courts by legally-qualified (first-class) stipendiary magistrates . However, state governments continue to appoint Justices of Peace as honours. In 2004 , some associations of JPs pressed

1406-573: The wife of a Tun is called Toh Puan . The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style of Yang Amat Berbahagia or (The Most Felicitous). The SMN is usually awarded to newly appointed Yang di-Pertua Negeri (YDPN), and to all the retired Prime Ministers of Malaysia , with the exception of Tunku Abdul Rahman (he is the Prince of the state of Kedah ), Najib Razak , Muhyiddin Yassin , and Ismail Sabri Yaakob . Examples: Tan Sri

1444-521: Was criticised for awarding the Datuk title to a non-Malaysian Indian actor, Shah Rukh Khan , for making movies and promoting the Malacca state internationally. In 2024, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor , stated "If a recipient is found to have tarnished the country’s image or commits a crime and has been punished by the court, then the award will be withdrawn. (Say) Goodbye to it." He also stated that "Accordingly, I have instructed

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