The Tupolev TB-1 (development name ANT-4 ) was a Soviet bomber aircraft, an angular monoplane that served as the backbone of the Soviet bomber force for many years, and was the first large all-metal aircraft built in the Soviet Union.
20-485: In 1924, the Soviet Air Force instructed TsAGI , (Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т (ЦАГИ) – Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut or Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute) to design a heavy-bomber. TsAGI gave the task to the division led by Andrei Tupolev . Tupolev's team designed a twin-engined all-metal monoplane with a corrugated Duralumin skin — based on Tupolev's earlier work utilizing
40-599: A construction worker for the Amur Railway , and in 1913 he was in Tallinn as a worker in a shipyard. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Ilyushin was conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army , serving with the infantry , and later (as he was literate) as a clerk in the military administration of Vologda . When a request came for seven volunteers to serve in the fledgling Aviation Section, he
60-405: A groundskeeper. The racetrack was also the site of the first All-Russia Festival of Ballooning in autumn of 1910, and Ilyushin assisted in unpacking crates and setting up equipment. He was also able to meet many of Russia's pioneer aviators, an event that awoke his interest in aviation. In 1911 he returned to his native village to work as a carter of a dairy plant. The following year, he worked as
80-1021: A key role in the rescue of the crew of the steamship Chelyuskin , which sank on 12 February 1934 after being trapped in ice near the Bering Strait . Liapidevsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union . G-1s continued in use with Avia Arktika until 1948. One ANT-4, an ex- Aviaarktika Tupolev G-1, survives, being preserved at the Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum . Data from The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995 General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Related lists TsAGI The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also ( Zhukovsky ) Central Institute of Aerodynamics , Russian : Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т, ЦАГИ , romanized : Tsentral'nyy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut , TsAGI )
100-627: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sergei Ilyushin Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin ( Russian : Серге́й Владимирович Илью́шин ; 30 March [ O.S. 18 March] 1894 – 9 February 1977) was a Soviet aircraft designer who founded the Ilyushin aircraft design bureau. He designed the Il-2 Shturmovik , which made its maiden flight in 1939. It is the most produced warplane, and remains
120-462: Is a Russian national research centre for aviation . It was founded in Moscow by Russian aviation pioneer Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on December 1, 1918. From 1925 and up to the 1930s, TsAGI developed and hosted Tupolev 's AGOS ( Aviatziya, Gidroaviatziya i Opytnoye Stroitelstvo , the "Aviation, Hydroaviation, and Experimental Construction"), the first aircraft design bureau in Soviet Union, and at
140-678: The Russian Civil War , Ilyushin was drafted into the Red Army in May 1919, working as aviation technician of VVS RKKA (Red Army). That autumn, a White movement Avro 504 biplane made a forced landing near Petrozavodsk . Ilyushin led a team which dismantled it, and sent it to Moscow where it was reverse-engineered into the U-1 trainer, of which 737 examples were subsequently built. In the autumn of 1921 Ilyushin left military service; he entered
160-676: The Soviet Air Force Scientific-Technical Committee [ ru ] , with involvement in the development of the design requirements for the new aeroplanes of Nikolai Polikarpov and Andrei Tupolev . This time he was also appointed Assistant Chief of the Air Force Research and Test Institute. Upon his own request in November 1931 he was reassigned to TsAGI Design Bureau and worked there till 1933. In 1933 Ilyushin became chief of
180-827: The TsKB at the V.R. Menzhinski Moscow plant [ ru ] which later grew into the Ilyushin OKB (the bureau behind all Soviet aircraft abbreviated IL-#, a military- and civil-aviation supergiant and major global brand) in 1935. His single-engined Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft , the single most-produced combat aircraft design in history (with 36,183 examples), and the Ilyushin Il-4 twin-engined bomber (of which just over 5,200 examples were built) were used extensively in World War II , on all fronts where
200-752: The Institute of Engineers of the Red Air Fleet (renamed the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy on 9 September 1922) on 21 September 1921. During his student years he concentrated on the design of gliders , taking part in numerous competitions. In 1925 one of his designs was sent to a competition in Germany, where it took first prize for flight time. Ilyushin obtained a degree in engineering in 1926 and served until November 1931 as an aeroplanes section manager within
220-776: The Soviet Air Forces' first standard heavy bomber, also being fitted with floats for use as a torpedo bomber ( TB-1P ), and for aerial survey operations. It was also widely used for experimental purposes, being the first mothership used in the Zveno project carrying two Tupolev I-4 fighters over the aircraft's wings as parasite aircraft . The TB-1 was replaced as a heavy bomber by the similar, but much larger, four-engined Tupolev TB-3 , with many aircraft being converted to civil freighters (designated G-1 ) for use by Aeroflot and Aviaarktika , Aeroflot's polar division. One Avia Arktika ANT-4, flown by Anatoly Liapidevsky , played
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#1732772665028240-637: The Soviets fought. After the war, Ilyushin concentrated primarily on commercial airliners, such as the Ilyushin Il-18 and Ilyushin Il-62 , which saw extensive use with Aeroflot and with numerous Soviet client states. In 1967 he was given the honorary rank of General-Colonel of Engineering/Technical Service. He became an Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1968. He remained
260-508: The all-metal aircraft design techniques first pioneered by Hugo Junkers in 1918 — powered by two Napier Lion engines, and named the ANT-4 . The first prototype was built during 1925 on the second floor of Tupolev's factory in Moscow , it being necessary to knock down a wall to allow the aircraft to be taken out of the building in pieces. After reassembly at Moscow's Khodynka Aerodrome , it
280-545: The participation in the rocket Energia and the Space Shuttle Buran projects. See also Category:Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute employees 55°35′36″N 38°06′24″E / 55.59333°N 38.10667°E / 55.59333; 38.10667 This article about an aviation -related organization is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an organization in Russia
300-587: The second most-produced aircraft in history, with some 36,000+ built, behind the US Cessna 172 . Born in the village of Dilyalevo , the youngest of 11 children born to a Russian peasant family, the largely self-taught Ilyushin left home at an early age. He worked as a factory laborer, ditch-digger at construction sites, and cleaner of gutters at a dye plant in Saint Petersburg . In 1910, he learned that jobs were available at Kolomyazhsky Racetrack as
320-469: The time the main one. In 1930, two other major aircraft design bureaus in the country were the Ilyushin 's TsKB ( Tsentralnoye Konstruksionnoye Byuro means "Central Design Bureau") and an independent, short-lived Kalinin 's team in Kharkiv . In 1935 TsAGI was partly relocated to the former dacha settlement Otdykh (literally, "Relaxation") converted to the new urban-type settlement Stakhanovo . It
340-539: The two prototypes, production continuing until 1932. It was produced in both wheel- and float-gear variants (a total of 66 ANT-4 seaplanes built). The first production aircraft was completed as an unarmed civil aircraft, named Strana Sovyetov (Land of the Soviets) for a propaganda flight from Moscow to New York , taking an eastward course via Siberia , reaching its destination on 3 November 1929, flying 21,242 km (13,194 mi) in 137 flying hours. The TB-1 became
360-707: Was flown on 26 November 1925. Testing was successful, and it was decided to put the ANT-4 into production as the TB-1 . Production was delayed, however, by shortages of aluminium, and by the need to find a replacement for the expensive imported Lion engines, the BMW VI (and later the Soviet licence-built version, the Mikulin M-17 ). Production eventually started at the ex- Junkers factory at Fili, Moscow in 1929, 216 following
380-509: Was named after Alexey Stakhanov , a famous Soviet miner. On April 23, 1947, the settlement was granted town status and renamed to Zhukovsky . The Moscow branch of the institute is known Moscow complex of TsAGI . In 1965 in Zhukovsky a Department of Aeromechanics and Flight Engineering of MIPT was established with support of TsAGI's research and knowledge base to educate specialists for aerospace industry. Among TsAGI's developments are
400-590: Was quick to volunteer. He worked at first as a mechanic and member of the ground crew. In the summer of 1917, he was qualified as a pilot. In March 1918, with the withdrawal of the Bolshevik government from the war, Ilyushin was demobilized and sent back to his native village. He helped supervise the increasing nationalization of factories in the area and in October 1918 joined the Bolshevik Party. With
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