Reforms
19-661: Kemalism The Turkish History Thesis ( Türk Tarih Tezi ) is a Turkish ultranationalist , pseudohistoric thesis which posited the belief that the Turks moved from their ancestral homeland in Central Asia and migrated to China , India , the Balkans , the Middle East , and Northern Africa in several waves, populating the areas which they had moved to and bringing civilization to their native inhabitants. The theory
38-710: A household, reading or writing among others. In April 1930, the Committee for the Study of Turkish History (TOTTTH) was established as an additional department of the Turkish Hearths. Its first task was to publish a book "General Themes of Turkish History" ( Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatlari) which influenced the development of the Turkish History Thesis . In 1927, the Turkish Hearths' building for
57-723: A mixture of Turkic tribes and Anatolian natives; however, unlike the Turkish History Thesis, these two admixtures do not originate from the same ethnicity, race, or identity. Kemalism Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 945260426 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:01:47 GMT Turkish Hearths Turkish Hearths ( Turkish : Türk Ocakları )
76-459: A spurious intellectual foundation by claiming that the Turks had a Hittite ancestry which was of Central Asian Aryan origin. The thesis insisted that all Turkic peoples had a common racial origin and it also insisted that they had created a great civilization in their Central Asian homeland in prehistoric times and have preserved their language and racial characteristics ever since. According to
95-771: Is a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Turkey . It was founded in 1912, during the last years of the Ottoman Empire , in a period when almost all non-Turkish elements had their own national committees, and Turkish Hearths was founded as a Turkish national committee. Following a meeting of the Young Turks , the Turkish nationalists, on 3 July 1911, the NGO was officially founded in Istanbul on 25 March 1912. According to
114-586: Is located in Central Asia. According to her, they left after the "inner sea" dried up due to climate change and from there, they spread out and disseminated civilization to other cultures, including the cultures which existed in China, India, Egypt and Greece. The internal contradictions of the Turkish History Thesis became more pronounced in later decades as Colonel Kurtcebe sought to raise the modern Turkish people's awareness of its connection to Central Asia and
133-820: The Mongols . He believed that an emphasis on Western-style historical education had caused the Turks to be uninterested in Mongolian history . The thesis was influenced by the book Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları (The Mainlines of Turkish History) published by the Committee for the Study of the Turkish History (TOTTTH) of the Turkish Hearths and became a "state dogma" which was included in school textbooks. During Atatürk's government, scholars like Hasan Reşit Tankut and Rıfat Osman Bey were encouraged that
152-657: The Russian revolution in 1917 the president of the Turkish Hearths, Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver , also welcomed refugees of Turkic origin. During the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), Turkish Hearths supported the meetings held in Istanbul against the occupation of Istanbul . Some members of the organization were arrested by the Allies of World War I , and the activities of the Turkish Hearths were suspended. After
171-541: The Stone Age 7000 years before the Europeans and then dispersed westwards as the first people to have brought civilization to the humans. Afet İnan , an adoptive daughter of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and member of the Turkish history committee of the Turkish Hearths , pushed the view that the Turks were what was racially called "brachycephalic" and they have established a developed civilization around an "inner sea" which
190-694: The University . Kemalism provided an important position to Hittites and Hittite symbolism in constructing Turkish identity and nationhood. Kemalist researchers, such as Ahmet Ağaoğlu (who was an advisor to Atatürk and a politician who played an important role in creating the Turkish Constitution of 1924 ), believed that the nation must portray Hittites as a world-domineering Turkish race with firm roots in Anatolia. Modern genetic researches on Turkish samples show that Anatolian Turks are
209-472: The University of Istanbul (then known as Dârülfünûn), of which some would be dismissed after the congress. 196 Turkish high school teachers were also mentioned in the protocol of the congress. The opening speech belonged to Mahmut Esat Bozkurt , during which he criticized the western scholars for their interpretation of the Turkish history. He claimed that the Central Asian Turks have departed
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#1732780907611228-524: The War of Independence, the Turkish Hearths resumed its former activities with the support of the newly founded Turkish Republic. They were re-established in 1924, and the number of its branch offices increased from 135 in 1925 to 255 in 1930. These branches provided Mustafa Kemal Atatürk with locations for his speeches when he was on tour in the country. The hearths became a social institution, founded libraries and organized seminars on foreign languages, keeping
247-454: The central committee was established in the Çağaloğlu neighborhood of Istanbul and inaugurated by Ismet Inönü , who was a member of the Turkish Hearths since 1917. On the 23 April 1930, a Turkish Historical Commission was established as an additional department of the Turkish Hearths. The central office was moved from Istanbul to Ankara , and a spectacular building, the current building of State Art and Sculpture Museum , as its headquarters
266-654: The findings of their studies in history and social sciences be in line with the Turkish Historical Thesis and the Sun Language Theory . The Turkish Historical Thesis is connected with the Sun Language Theory published in 1935 which stipulates that all languages have their origin from the Turkish language. Prominent scholars like Zeki Velidi Togan and Nihal Atsız who challenged the Turkish Historical Thesis lost their jobs at
285-505: The statute of Turkish Hearths, the activities were mostly concentrated on culture and education, raising the social, economic and intellectual level of the Turkish people for the perfection of the Turkish language and race. It published books and magazines, offered courses to raise the Turkish nationalist heritage, founded clubs and organized literary and artistic performances. It also supported students with lodging and health care. After
304-519: The thesis, the Turks had originally migrated from Central Asia to China and from China, they migrated to India , where they founded the civilizations of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa , and from India, they migrated to other parts of the world. The Thesis was made known to the public during the First Turkish Historical Congress, which was held between 2 and 11 July 1932. The congress was attended by eighteen professors of
323-478: The yellow race" and were a " secondaire " people. In the aftermath of World War I , the Turks strove to prove that they were the equals of the Western nations, an attempt which bore historical and racial connotations. The Turkish History Thesis created a third alternative to existing narratives claiming that Greece or Mesopotamia , or both, were the "cradles" of Western civilization . The thesis itself rested on
342-487: Was built by using non-governmental funds. However, in the 1930s, the organization lost its non-political character, and on 10 April 1931 it merged into the Republican People's Party (CHP), the ruling party of Turkey at that time. Its head office was handed over to Peoples' Houses , a state sponsored enlightenment project. On 10 May 1949, the organization was reestablished with non-political character. Although
361-464: Was developed within the context of pre- Nazi scientific racism , classifying the Turks as an " Alpine subgroup " of the Caucasian race . The intent of the theory was a rejection of Western European assertions that the Turks belonged to the "yellow or mongol" race. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took a personal interest in the subject after he was shown a French language book that claimed Turks "belonged to
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