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46-542: The Twelfth Fleet was a numbered fleet of the United States Navy and was operational from 1 October 1943. The fleet began demobilization in late 1945 and was disestablished in 1946. Twelfth Fleet was established from the U.S. naval forces under Commander Naval Forces Europe, Admiral Harold Stark when, on 9 September 1943 Admiral Ernest King ordered the consolidation of all U.S. naval forces in Europe under

92-668: A branch of U.S. military service, separate from the U.S. Navy, within the Department of the Navy. Furthermore, per sections 8001(a)(1), 5061(4), and 5062(a) of title 10, U.S. Code, (1) the United States Navy does not include the United States Marine Corps (2); the U.S. Marine Corps is a separate component service, from either the U.S. Navy or the U.S. Coast Guard within the Department of the Navy; and (3)

138-624: A letter occasionally a number some of the task forces are listed below . Originally stationed at Malta took part in the Battle of Calabria in 1940 it transferred Trincomalee and was a component of the (fast force) of the Eastern Fleet during the Indian Ocean raid April to May 1942. Originally stationed at Malta , took part in the Battle of Calabria on 9 July 1940, took part in the Battle of Cape Spartivento , 27 November 1940,

184-526: A naval task force is as old as navies, and prior to that time the assembly of ships for naval operations was referred to as fleets , divisions , or on the smaller scale, squadrons , and flotillas . Before World War II ships were collected into divisions derived from the Royal Navy 's "division" of the line of battle in which one squadron usually remained under the direct command of the Admiral of

230-549: A new Twelfth Fleet. The fleet was actually organized earlier under Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk before all naval forces in Europe were combined. As a command under the United States Naval Forces Europe, the commanders were based from London, England . Kirk was replaced by Admiral H. Kent Hewitt in August 1945. The fleet had the following commands: Task Force 129 was the bombarding force during

276-820: A number of hunting task groups on 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate , 13 December 1939 based in Freetown it was then stationed at, Malta , took part in the Battle of the Tarigo Convoy , 16 April 1941, was involved in the First Battle of Sirte , 17 December 1941 then moved to Freetown in December 1941. Formed to deal with the Tirpitz Sortie against convoys PQ 12 and QP8, 6–13 March 1942. Formed 13 May 1945 and took part in

322-584: A period after World War II, the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Fleets were assigned as the reserve elements for Atlantic and Pacific Fleets. The organization of the Navy has changed incrementally over time. During World War II administrative organization for many ship types included divisions, for example Battleship Divisions (abbreviated BatDivs), Cruiser Divisions, Destroyer Divisions, or Escort Divisions (CortDivs, also rendered ComCortDiv for Commander, Escort Division), usually composed of two ships, often members of

368-473: A task force set up to eliminate excessive government spending might consider a "best" solution to be one that saves the most money. Normally, the task force then presents its findings and proposed solutions to the institution that called for its formation; it is then up to the institution itself to actually act upon the task force's recommendations. In business, task forces are initiated similar to military situations to form an ad hoc group of persons that focus on

414-855: A two-digit number since March 1943, when Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet , Admiral Ernest J. King assigned odd fleets to those in the Pacific, and even fleets to those in the Atlantic. The Second Fleet was assigned the Atlantic Fleet, with the Fourth Fleet being assigned to the South Atlantic Force, the Eighth Fleet being assigned to Naval Forces, Northwest African waters, and the Twelfth Fleet assigned to

460-503: Is a unit or formation established to work on a single defined task or activity. Originally introduced by the United States Navy , the term has now caught on for general usage and is a standard part of NATO terminology. Many non-military organizations now create "task forces" or task groups for temporary activities that might have once been performed by ad hoc (designated purpose) committees . In non-military contexts, working groups are sometimes called task forces. The concept of

506-854: Is a unique aspect of the Navy-Marine relationship. Although the Posse Comitatus Act , which prevents federal military personnel from acting in a law enforcement capacity, applies only to the Army and Air Force, Department of Defense rules effectively require the Navy and Marine Corps to act as if Posse Comitatus did apply, preventing them from enforcing Federal law. The United States Coast Guard fulfills this law enforcement role in naval operations. It provides Law Enforcement Detachments (LEDETs) to Navy vessels, where they perform arrests and other law enforcement duties during Navy boarding and interdiction missions. In times of war, or when directed by

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552-642: Is called a company team . A similar unit at the brigade level is called a brigade combat team (BCT), and there is also a similar Regimental combat team (RCT). In the British Army and the armies of other Commonwealth countries , such units are traditionally known as battlegroups . The 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) was a brigade -sized formation which commanded Australian and New Zealand Army units deployed to South Vietnam between 1966 and 1972. More recently, Australian task forces have been designated to cover temporary support elements such

598-739: Is currently organized as such: The Navy maintains several "Naval Forces Commands" which operate naval shore facilities and serve as liaison units to local ground forces of the Air Force and Army. Such commands are answerable to a Fleet Commander as the shore protector component of the afloat command. In times of war, Commander Naval Forces Korea becomes a Task Force (Task Force 78) of the United States Seventh Fleet . Other Naval Force Commands may similarly augment to become number fleet task forces. The following shore-based bureaus, commands and components are directly subordinate to

644-620: Is one of the three headquarters staffs in Department of the Navy mainly based at the Pentagon , with the others being the Office of the Secretary of the Navy and Headquarters Marine Corps . The operating forces consists of nine components: Fleets in the United States Navy take on the role of force provider; they do not carry out military operations independently, rather they train and maintain naval units that will subsequently be provided to

690-490: Is the U.S. Navy's Operational Test and Evaluation Force . The first digit of a task force designation is that of its parent fleet while the second is sequential. A task force may be made up of groups, each made up of units. Task groups within a force are numbered by an additional digit separated from the TF number by a decimal point. Task units within a group are indicated by an additional decimal. For example, "the third task unit of

736-458: The Chief of Naval Operations :" Per sections 8001(a)(2), 8061, 8061(4), and 8063 of title 10, U.S. Code, the United States Marine Corps is (1) a separate branch of the naval service from the U.S. Navy; (2) the Department of the Navy and the U.S. Navy are distinct legal entities; (3) is, along with the U.S. Navy (and U.S. Coast Guard, when assigned) a component of the Department of the Navy; and (4)

782-473: The Asiatic Fleet ) and later numbered fleets . A task force can be assembled using ships from different divisions and squadrons, without requiring a formal and permanent fleet reorganization, and can be easily dissolved following completion of the operational task. The task force concept worked very well, and by the end of World War II about 100 task forces had been created in the U.S. Navy alone. In

828-607: The Bombardment of Cherbourg . On 15 April, United States Eighth Fleet was disestablished. All U.S. ships and shore bases in the Mediterranean became part of Task Force 125 of the Twelfth Fleet. NAVNAW however was also retained. With the escalating Turkish Straits crisis as well as the Greek Civil War , Task Group 125.4 led by the carrier Franklin D. Roosevelt departed Norfolk Naval Base , Virginia, for

874-763: The Higher School of Mechanics of the Navy detention center during the 1976–1983 military dictatorship. During the Falklands War in 1982 the Argentine Navy formed three smaller Grupos de Tareas (Task Groups) for pincer movements against the Royal Navy. In the U.S. Army , a task force is a battalion -sized (usually, although there are variations in size) ad hoc unit formed by attaching smaller elements of other units. A company -sized unit with an armored or mechanized infantry unit attached

920-881: The Secretary of the Navy . However, it is considered to be a distinct, separate service branch and not a subset of the Navy; the highest ranking Marine officer, the Commandant of the Marine Corps , does not report to a Navy officer. Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients are awarded the Navy variant, and Marines are eligible to receive the Navy Cross . The United States Naval Academy trains Marine Corps commissioned officers while prospective Navy officers undergo instruction by Marine NCO Drill Instructors at OCS . Naval Aviation includes Navy and Marine aviators , flight officers , and aircrew . The relationship extends to

966-415: The United States Navy , task forces are generally temporary organizations composed of particular ships, aircraft, submarines, military land forces, or shore service units, assigned to fulfill certain missions. The emphasis is placed on the individual commander of the unit, and references to "Commander, Task Force" ("CTF") are common. In the U.S. Navy, task forces as part of numbered fleets have been assigned

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1012-706: The United States Seventh Fleet used TF 76 in World War II, and off Vietnam, and continued to use TF 70–79 numberings throughout the rest of the twentieth century, and up to 2012). See Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) for a description of the three standard combined arms task force organizations employed by the USMC. Earlier in the Second World War , the British Royal Navy had already devised its own system of Forces, they mainly assigned

1058-763: The United States Sixth Fleet . This article about a specific military unit is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This United States Navy article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Structure of the United States Navy#Numbered fleets The chief of naval operations presides over the Navy Staff , formally known as the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations ( OPNAV ). The Office of

1104-628: The Battle off Penang - the Battle of the Malacca Strait . During Operation Corporate of the Falklands War in 1982 Royal Navy forces assembled as Task Force 317 , often referred to in general use as "The Task Force", to achieve sea and air supremacy in the Falklands Total Exclusion Zone , before the amphibious forces arrived. The French Navy uses the name Task Force 473 to designate any power projection by

1150-473: The Chief of Naval Operations is a statutory organization within the executive part of the Department of the Navy, and its purpose is to furnish professional assistance to the secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) and the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) in carrying out their responsibilities. The OPNAV organization consists of: Policy documents emanating from the CNO are issued in the form of OPNAV Instructions . OPNAV

1196-501: The Eastern Seaboard for the Mediterranean might start out as Task Group 20.1; on crossing the mid-Atlantic boundary between Fleet Forces Command and United States Naval Forces Europe - Naval Forces Africa , it might become ('inchop') Task Group 60.1. The United States Navy currently has seven active numbered fleets. Various other fleets have existed, but are not currently active. Additional numbered fleets have existed; for

1242-462: The Fleet , one squadron was commanded by a Vice Admiral , and one by a Rear Admiral , each flying a different command flag , hence the terms flagship and flag officer . The names "Vice" (second) and "Rear" might have derived from sailing positions within the line at the moment of engagement . In the late 19th century ships were collected in numbered squadrons , which were assigned to named (such as

1288-461: The Marine unit shall be on the right of line or head of the column. The senior line officer, regardless of service, functions as the commander of troops." (As this is a Department of Defense/Department of the Navy regulation, no further 10 U.S. Code authority, other than already cited above, is required for the Secretary of the Navy, who supervises both the U.S Navy, and the U.S. Marine Corps, as well as

1334-612: The Naval Forces, Europe. The United States Navy has used numbered task forces in the same way since 1945. The U.S. Department of Defense often forms a Joint Task Force if the force includes units from other services. Joint Task Force 1 was the atomic bomb test force during the post–World War II Operation Crossroads . In naval terms, the multinational ( Australia , United States , United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand ) Combined Communications Electronics Board mandates through Allied Communications Publication 113 (ACP 113)

1380-878: The President, the Coast Guard operates as a service in the Navy and is subject to the orders of the Secretary of the Navy until it is transferred back to the Department of Homeland Security . At other times, Coast Guard Port Security Units are sent overseas to guard the security of ports and other assets. The Coast Guard also jointly staffs the Navy's Naval Coastal Warfare Groups and Squadrons (the latter of which were known as Harbor Defense Commands until late-2004), which oversee defense efforts in foreign littoral combat and inshore areas. Additionally, Coast Guard and Navy vessels sometimes operate together in search and rescue operations. Task force A task force ( TF )

1426-519: The U.S. Coast Guard whenever it is assigned to the Department of the Navy, to specify that the Marine Corps takes precedence over the Navy and Coast Guard in Naval formations, parades, and ceremonies. This same military precedence is specified in DoD Instruction 1005.8 and U.S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 10, Paragraph 1007.) This is a symbol of the special status and honor granted to US Marines, and

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1472-544: The U.S. Marine Corps is not a component of the U.S. Navy. In 1834, the United States Marine Corps (USMC) came under the Department of the Navy . Historically, the United States Navy has enjoyed a unique relationship with the Marines, partly because they both specialize in seaborne operations. At the highest level of civilian organization, the USMC is part of the Department of the Navy and reports to

1518-487: The US Navy and US Marine Corps is also one of mutual respect, and that respect is manifested in various policies and procedural regulations. For example, per US Marine and Navy drill manuals, in a formation consisting of both Marine and Navy units, per MCO P5060.20, Marine Corps Drill and Ceremonies Manual, Paragraph 15001. "ARRANGEMENT OF UNITS IN FORMATION 1. In ceremonies involving the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy units,

1564-611: The battalion-sized force which operated in Urozgan Province , Afghanistan from 2006 to 2013, and the Northern Territory Emergency Response Task Force . In government or business a task force is a temporary organization created to solve a particular problem. It is considered to be a more formal ad hoc committee . A taskforce , or more commonly, task force, is a special committee, usually of experts , formed expressly for

1610-527: The command of the Marine Corps under the auspices of the Fleet Marine Force , often called the "green side". Because of the lack of full-scale amphibious operations in recent conflicts, there has been pressure to cut the "gator navy" below the two-regiment requirement of the Marines. This is a reduction from the programmatic goal of 2.5 Marine Expeditionary Brigades and actual structure of 2.07 MEB equivalents in 1999. The relationship between

1656-488: The eastern Mediterranean on 8 August 1946 under the command of Rear Admiral John H. Cassady . The key event of this deployment was a highly publicized port visit to Piraeus , Greece, on 5 September 1946. According to the late American historian James Chace , this deployment by Task Group 125.4 "symbolized" the true beginning of the Cold War by demonstrating U.S. support of the pro-Western governments of Greece and Turkey in

1702-414: The face of external Soviet pressure and internal Communist insurrections. Admiral Richard L. Conolly was naval representative to the 1946 Paris Peace Conference . He then commanded the Twelfth Fleet from September 1946 until January 1947. On 1 November 1946, Mediterranean responsibilities were transferred to United States Naval Forces Mediterranean. On 12 February 1950, Naval Forces Mediterranean became

1748-483: The fifth task group of the second task force of the Sixth Fleet would be numbered 62.5.3." This system extends further to task elements, individual ships in a task group. This arrangement was typically abbreviated, so references like TF 11 are commonly seen. Task units are sometimes nicknamed "Taffy", as in "Taffy 3" of Task Force 77, formally Task Unit 77.4.3. There is no requirement for uniqueness over time (e.g.,

1794-455: The naval forces component of each Unified Combatant Command . While not widely publicized, groups of ships departing U.S. waters for operational missions gain a Task force type designation, almost always with the Second or Third Fleets. On entry into another numbered fleet's area of responsibility, they are redesignated as a task group from that fleet. For example, a carrier task group departing

1840-508: The operational theater as well. As amphibious assault specialists, Marines often deploy on, and attack from, Navy vessels; while being transported on Navy ships, they must obey the orders of the captain of the vessel. Marine aviation tailhook squadrons train and operate alongside Navy squadrons, flying similar missions and often flying sorties together. Other types of Marine air squadrons operate from amphibious assault ships in support of Marine amphibious operations. Navy and Marine squadrons use

1886-507: The present system, which allocated numbers from 1 to 834. For example, the Royal Navy's Illustrious battle group in 2000 for Exercise Linked Seas, subsequently deployed to Operation Palliser , was Task Group 342.1. The French Navy is allocated the series TF 470–474, and Task Force 473 has been used recently for an Enduring Freedom task force deployment built around the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (R91) . Task Force 142

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1932-436: The purpose of studying a particular problem. The task force usually performs some sort of an audit to assess the current situation, then draws up a list of all the current problems present and evaluates which ones merit fixing and which ones are actually fixable. The task force would then formulate a set of solutions to the problems and pick the "best" solution to each problem, as determined by some set of standards. For example,

1978-510: The same NATOPS aviation manuals and procedures. The USMC does not train chaplains , hospital corpsmen or medical doctors; thus officers and enlisted sailors from the Navy fulfill these roles. They generally wear Marine uniforms that are emblazoned with Navy insignia and markings to distinguish themselves from Marines. Corpsmen and chaplains enjoy a great sense of camaraderie with the Marines due in part because they work closely with them and often are embedded with Marine units. They operate under

2024-461: The same class. These made up squadrons (e.g. Battle Squadron, Cruiser Squadron, Escort Squadron (CortRon) etc.) of several divisions. Yet the exigencies of World War II forced the creation of the task force system where ships no longer fought solely as part of same-type divisions or squadrons. This was gradually reflected in administrative arrangements; by the 1970s, formations such as Cruiser-Destroyer Groups (CruDesGrus) came into existence. The Navy

2070-500: The sea. This Task Force can be composed of a carrier battle group articulated around the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle , or it can be composed of an amphibious group articulated around a Mistral -class amphibious assault ship . In Argentina, Navy Task Units of Task Group ( Grupo de Tareas ) G.T.3.3  [ es ] were responsible for thousands of instances of forced disappearance , torture and illegal execution of Argentine civilians, many of whom were incarcerated in

2116-809: Was involved in the First Battle of Sirte , 17 December 1941 it then moved to Trincomalee in March 1942 was a component (slow force) of the Eastern Fleet during the Indian Ocean raid April to May 1942. Formed as part of a number of hunting task groups on 5 October 1939 as a prelude to Battle of the River Plate, 13 December 1939 and part of the South America Division after which it was stationed at, Gibraltar , took part in Operation Catapult , 3 July 1940, took part in Operation Rheinübung 19 May - 15 June 1941. Part of

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