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35-581: Tøyen Park is an expanse of grass-covered hills, dotted with clusters of large trees. Like most parks in Oslo, Tøyen Park is a popular recreation area. During summer, groups of people barbecue and fly frisbees, while during winter, tobogganing down the hills is popular. Tøyen Park attracts birdwatchers, where frequently seen birds include the hawfinch . Since 2014, the annual music festival Øyafestivalen has been held here every summer. Tøyenbadet contains indoor and outdoor swimming pools. The water park features

70-401: A black circle around them, extending to its beak and surrounding it at its edge. Its throat is also black. The sides of its neck, as well as the back of its neck, are gray. The upper side of its wings are a deep black colour. The wings also have three stripes from approximately the middle till their sides: a white, a brown and a blue stripe. Adults moults between July and September. The hawfinch

105-477: A height of 200 m and they are seen to fly in groups, as well as alone. The hawfinch is a partial migrant, with northern flocks migrating towards the South during the winter, as shown by ringing techniques. These same studies showed that those hawfinches inhabiting habitats with a temperate climate would often have sedentary behaviour. A few migrants from northern Europe reach Britain in autumn and some are seen on

140-400: A horizontal branch with easy access from the air. The male chooses the site of the nest and builds a layer of dry twigs. After a few days, the female takes over. The nest is untidy and is formed of a bulky twig base and a shallow cup lined with roots, grasses and lichens. The eggs are laid in early morning at daily intervals. The clutch is normally 4–5 eggs. There is considerable variable in

175-411: A quite small territory when its chicks are born; however, when not bearing any offspring it is known to guard entire woods. This is interpreted as an evolutionary advantage, given colony rearing is seen as safer against nest predators. Hawfinches first breed when they are 1 year old. They are monogamous, with a pair-bond that sometimes persists from one year to the next. Pair-formation takes place before

210-569: A swimming hall and several open-air pools along with a waterslide and sauna. There is an indoor climbing wall. Small children have their own pool. The outdoor pool is open year-round. The park provides a dressing area and shower facilities. 59°55′03″N 10°46′39″E  /  59.91750°N 10.77750°E  / 59.91750; 10.77750 This Oslo location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hawfinch Loxia coccothraustes Linnaeus, 1758 The hawfinch ( Coccothraustes coccothraustes )

245-523: Is a passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Coccothraustes . Its closest living relatives are the Chinese grosbeak ( Eophona migratoria ) and Japanese grosbeak ( Eophona personata ) of East Asia, the evening grosbeak ( Hesperiphona vespertina ) of North America, and hooded grosbeak ( Hesperiphona abeillei ) of Central America. This bird breeds across Europe and temperate Asia ( Palearctic ). It

280-546: Is a hard chick . The song of this unobtrusive bird is quiet and mumbled. The hawfinch was described and illustrated by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner in his Historiae animalium in 1555. He used the Latin name Coccothraustes which is derived from the Greek: kokkos is a seed or kernel and thrauō means to break or to shatter. In 1758 Carl Linnaeus included the species in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae under

315-427: Is a shy species, and therefore difficult to observe and study. It spends most of the day on top of high branches, above all during breeding season. During the course of the hawfinch's life it can only be seen on the ground while looking for seeds or drinking water, always near trees. While drinking and eating it is fairly aggressive and dominant, towards both its same species or different ones, even bigger birds. It guards

350-429: Is a small group of finches in the family Fringillinae . Commonly known as golden-winged grosbeaks , they are attractive, chunky, medium-sized, robust-billed songbirds restricted to the southern Arabian and northern Somalian regions. These elusive birds are typically found between 1,060 and 2,800 metres ASL in forested wadis and areas of scrub. The fruits of junipers , acacias and spurges appear to form

385-456: Is a source of water in the vicinity. During autumn and winter they seek food-providing forests, especially those with cherry and plum trees. As for height, the hawfinch is present in any altitude up to that which is limited by the size of the trees. In the 18th century, the hawfinch was recorded as only a rare winter visitor in Britain. The first breeding record was early in the 19th century; by

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420-799: Is distributed in the whole of Europe, Eastern Asia (Palearctic including North Japan), and North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria). It has also been sighted in Alaska, but this is reported as an accidental presence. It is not found in Iceland, parts of the British Isles, or certain Mediterranean islands. It is however found in southern Europe, such as in Spain and Bulgaria, as well as in central Europe, including parts of England and southern Sweden. The hawfinch's range has extended further north since

455-525: Is mainly resident in Europe, but many Asian birds migrate further south in the winter. It is a rare vagrant to the western islands of Alaska. Deciduous or mixed woodland, including parkland, with large trees – especially hornbeam – is favoured for breeding. The hawfinch builds its nest in a bush or tree, and lays 2–7 eggs. The food is mainly seeds and fruit kernels, especially those of cherries , which it cracks with its powerful bill. This large finch species

490-543: Is not known. The maximum age obtained from ring-recovery data is 12 years and 7 months for a bird in Germany. The hawfinch feeds primarily on hard seeds from trees, as well as fruit seeds, which it obtains with the help of its strong beak with accompanying jaw muscles. Its jaw muscles exert a force equivalent to a load of approximately 30–48 kg. Thus it can break through the seeds of cherries and plums. Other common sources of food include pine seeds, berries, sprouts and

525-669: Is the stronghold of the hawfinch in Britain. One well-known site is Bedgebury Pinetum , where flocks gather to roost in winter. The species is also found in the New Forest ; a central roost site exists here, at the Blackwater Arboretum . The only Sussex stronghold is at Westdean Woods in West Sussex , while in Surrey they are regularly seen at Bookham Common in winter. Formerly, hawfinches were regularly encountered in

560-421: Is usually seen in a pair or small group. The 16.5–18 cm long hawfinch is a bulky bull-headed bird, which appears very short-tailed in flight. Its head is orange-brown with a black eyestripe and bib, and a massive bill, which is black in summer but paler in winter. The upper parts are dark brown and the underparts orange. The white wing bars and tail tip are striking in flight. The sexes are similar. The call

595-618: The Eophona , Hesperiphona and Mycerobas genera. Finches with large beaks in the Rhynchostruthus and Rhodospiza genera are not closely related. The similar bill morphology is the result of convergence due to the similar feeding behaviour. Fossil record: There are six recognised subspecies : The hawfinch has an overall length of 18 cm (7.1 in), with a wingspan that ranges from 29 to 33 cm (11 to 13 in). It weighs 46–70 g (1.6–2.5 oz) with

630-706: The Forest of Dean and the Wyre Forest . In Eastern England, the hawfinch is present in the Breckland of East Anglia. In northern England, hawfinches are regularly found in a small number of locations. Prime sites include Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire and Hulne Park in Northumberland. Hawfinches can be seen at Cromford (Derbyshire) near the canal and the parish church, Rufford Abbey (Nottinghamshire) near

665-558: The binomial name Loxia coccothraustes . The hawfinch was moved to a separate genus Coccothraustes by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The English name 'hawfinch' was used by the ornithologist Francis Willughby in 1676. Haws are the red berries of the common hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ). Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the hawfinch is closely related to other grosbeaks in

700-489: The 1950s, and is now found as far north as Northern Norway. In Asia it can be found in the Caucasus, northern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkistan, Siberia, Manchuria and North Korea. The hawfinch typically inhabits deciduous forests during the spring to have offspring, often in trees that bear fruit, such as oak trees. They also incur into human areas, such as parks and gardens. They can also be found in pine woods, as long as there

735-587: The Northern Isles in spring. The European population of the hawfinch is estimated to be between 7,200,000 and 12,600,000 individuals. Assuming that the European range is between 25 percent and 49 percent of the global range, a tentative figure for the global population size is 14,700,000–50,400,000 individuals. States with large populations include Romania (500,000–1,000,000 pairs), Croatia (250,000–500,000 pairs) and Germany (200,000–365,000 pairs). Although

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770-486: The Windsor Great Park area in winter, though no sizeable gatherings have been reported since the mid-1990s. The recent (2007–11) BTO Bird Atlas shows no evidence of the hawfinch breeding anywhere in this area; the reasons why are unclear. In Devon (southwestern England), the hawfinch is largely confined to the upper Teign Valley . In western England and Wales, two areas in which hawfinches reliably occur are

805-470: The adults' distinctive head pattern. The large bill suggests a relationship with the Asian grosbeaks - e.g. Mycerobas - but its song and calls are reminiscent of European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis , European greenfinch C. chloris , and Yemen linnet C. yemenensis . Also it has been observed performing a greenfinch-like slow-winged display flight which suggests its true affinities may lie within

840-399: The breakup of the wintering flocks. The date for breeding is dependent on the spring temperature and is earlier in southwest Europe and later in the northeast. In Britain, most clutches are laid between late April and late June. Hawfinches engage in an elaborate series of courtship routines. The two birds stand apart facing one another and reach out to touch their bills. The male displays to

875-404: The bulk of their diet. These birds have slight sexual dichromatism . Males are grey-brown overall with a black bill, dark mask, white cheeks, and large, bright yellow patches on the wings and tail. The extent of the dark head-pattern and white cheek-patches varies considerably between taxa . The females are similar to the males though somewhat duller, and the juveniles are rather streaky and lack

910-755: The car-park, and at Clumber Park (Nottinghamshire) near the chapel. In Scotland, Scone Palace near Perth is the most well-known site in Scotland for hawfinches. Formerly, they also occurred in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh . In Ireland, they are an annual winter visitor in small numbers: they are most often seen at Curraghchase Forest Park in County Limerick , where a flock of between 15 and 30 birds occurs each winter. A few birds also turn up in Dublin most years. The hawfinch

945-459: The colour and shape of the eggs. They have purple brown and pale grey squiggles on a background that can be buff, grey-green or pale blueish. The average size is 24.1 mm × 17.5 mm (0.95 in × 0.69 in) with a calculated weight of 3.89 g (0.137 oz). The eggs are incubated for 11–13 days by the female. The nestlings are fed by both parents, who regurgitate seeds but also bring mouthfuls of caterpillars. Initially,

980-527: The early 1830s, a well-documented colony was established at Epping Forest in Essex , and breeding was also recorded in other counties east and south of London . Further expansion of the range continued through the 19th and 20th centuries, with breeding occurring as far north as Aberdeenshire by 1968–1972. Peak numbers were in the period 1983–1990. Subsequently, there has been a significant decline of between 37% and 45% between 1990–1999. Southeastern England

1015-406: The female by standing erect, puffing out the feathers on his head, neck and chest and allowing his wings to droop forward. He then makes a deep bow. The male will also lower a wing and move it in a semi-circular arc, revealing his wing bars and modified wing feathers. The breeding pairs are usually solitary, but they occasionally breed in loose groups. The nest is normally located high in a tree on

1050-433: The genus Carduelis . Altogether, Rhynchostruthus seems to belong to a group of Carduelinae which includes such birds as Carduelis , the oriole finch ( Linurgus olivaceus ), and the canaries , many of which have large amounts of brilliant yellow plumage. But the exact placement of the golden-winged grosbeaks is not very well resolved. Molecular genetic studies have shown that Rhynchostruthus and Rhodospiza form

1085-711: The global population appears to be stable, the population within the United Kingdom underwent a 76 percent reduction between 1968 and 2011. In 2013 it was estimated that there were only 500–1000 breeding pairs. The reasons for this decline are not understood. Given the high numbers and huge breeding area, the hawfinch is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of least concern . Rhynchostruthus Rhynchostruthus louisae Rhynchostruthus percivali Rhynchostruthus socotranus The genus Rhynchostruthus

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1120-416: The male being on average slightly heavier than the female. It is a robust bird with a thick neck, large round head and a wide, strong conical beak with a metallic appearance. It has short pinkish legs with a light hue and it has a short tail. It has brown eyes. The plumage of the female is slightly paler than that of the male. The overall colour is light brown, its head having an orange hue to it. Its eyes have

1155-495: The male bird chooses the nest site and starts the construction. In other species the female performs these roles. The hawfinch is also unusual in that the nest is kept clean by the parents removing the faecal sacs of the nestlings right up to the time when the chicks fledge. This behaviour is shared by the Eurasian bullfinch , but most finches cease to remove the faecal material after the first few days. The annual survival rate

1190-418: The male normally passes the food to the female who feeds the chicks, but as they grow bigger both adults feed them directly. The female broods the chicks while they are in the nest. They fledge after 12–14 days and the young birds become independent of their parents around 30 days later. The parents generally only raise a single brood each year. The hawfinch is highly unusual among cardueline finches in that

1225-461: The occasional caterpillar and beetle. They can also break through olive seeds. The bird is known to eat in groups, especially during the winter. Its flight is quick and its trajectory is straight over short distances. During long flights periodical undulations can be observed in their flight pattern. While on the ground scavenging it hops, and they are quick to fly away at the slightest noise. They are observed to catch insects mid-flight. They fly up to

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